Internet of Vehicles Technology and Its Application in Traffic Management
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1 Concept of Internet of Vehicles
The concept of the Internet of Vehicles is derived from the Internet of Things, which refers to the realization of the internal and external data transmission and information interaction of the car in accordance with certain communication protocols and data transmission standards based on pedestrians, cars, roads and cities in real life. An integrated network of intelligent, dynamic and informatized traffic management. At the same time, the operating status of vehicles can be supervised according to the difference in functional requirements, and services can be provided. It can even realize the “communication” between pedestrians and cars, and cars and non-motor vehicles like the Internet, which connects different electric energy.
2 Advantages of Internet of Vehicles
Through the Internet of Vehicles, a safer way of driving can be provided. The Internet of Vehicles can analyze and calculate other vehicles on the road in advance based on the traffic, vehicle, road conditions and other information provided by the network, and select the best, safest and stable driving route and driving speed, which reduces the possibility of accidents and improves the safety factor. . At the same time, it also relies on the network to improve the traffic capacity and use efficiency of the road. In terms of economy, the control of the car through the network, combined with the current road conditions, calculates the appropriate gear and speed to reduce energy consumption, save fuel, further reduce exhaust emissions, and help protect the environment.
3 Key Technologies of Internet of Vehicles
3.1 Sensor technology and information fusion
The nodes in the Internet of Vehicles use the key sensor technology RFID to automatically identify vehicles, roads, buildings and other objects and obtain relevant data, and then through short-distance wireless data transmission and information fusion, the information is integrated, and extracted from traffic jams and driving safety Related content. The main advantage of sensor key technology RFID applied to the Internet of Vehicles can identify multiple objects in high-speed operation with technology, and conveniently realize the mutual transmission of information between various vehicles in the Internet of Vehicles. In the Internet of Vehicles, it is recommended to adopt active RFID technology to realize communication, because this technology can provide a longer reading and writing distance and can realize active perception. Compared with other transmission technologies, active RFID has many obvious advantages, such as good security, waterproof and anti-magnetic, long service life, small and lightweight, and large data storage capacity.
3.2 Open intelligent terminal system platform and speech recognition technology
In order to ensure the safety of car owners, it is determined that the in-vehicle terminal cannot use traditional mouse, keyboard and other equipment for human-computer communication. Therefore, voice interaction naturally becomes the best way. Mature voice technology enables car owners to voice their needs and give orders to the Internet of Vehicles, and at the same time use their ears to receive services from the Internet of Vehicles. Voice technology is very suitable for the fast-moving object of the car. However, mature speech recognition technology has high requirements for corpus and computing capabilities. In other words, the development of vehicle speech technology cannot be separated from the network. It can be said that speech technology is formed on the basis of the network, and the “cloud recognition” technology based on the server is Its formation is key. Collect and calculate a large amount of speech recognition data, and then use network computing technology to build a unique Cheyinwang speech platform engine based on the mobile Internet environment to realize the recognition of multiple languages and even dialects.
3.3 Middleware technology
In the Internet of Things, it is necessary to pay attention to the research and development of Internet of Things RFID middleware. It is an important program to realize data transmission, filtering, and data format conversion between RFID hardware devices and application systems. The data information collected by RFID sensors is extracted through middleware. , Decrypt, filter, convert, and input to the application program of the Internet of Vehicles, and react to the application interface of the terminal system through the application system to realize human-computer interaction. There are many applications in the Internet of Vehicles. The development of multiple applications has doubled the speed and difficulty of the development of Internet of Vehicles. The emergence of RFID middleware provides a turning point for this situation. Through the development of various middleware, such as traffic signal control middleware , Vehicle assisted driving middleware, emergency handling middleware, vehicle route navigation middleware, etc., each middleware is developed in accordance with the standards and requirements of the Internet of Vehicles application service, then the development of the entire Internet of Vehicles application service will be more effective.
3.4 Cloud Computing
The application of cloud computing in Internet of Vehicles products can not only greatly improve business processing efficiency, and provide more accurate services to industry users more efficiently, but also make use of the platform’s extensive service support, the latest real-time data, and powerful computing capabilities. Services provide stronger support. For example, traditional navigation is almost based on local data, that is, it is based on a static road, but in fact, the road is in a static state only in rare cases, and most of the time and the situation are in a dynamic state, based on cloud computing The “cloud navigation” can realize the navigation of dynamic roads, that is, “real-time intelligent navigation”. According to user needs, the cloud platform can adjust and plan routes with reference to real-time road condition information and emergencies, and provide users with a more rational route. Like the Internet and mobile Internet, the Internet of Vehicles also realizes service innovation and provides value-added services through service integration.
3.5 Vehicle safety early warning technology
The safety index parameters during the driving process of the vehicle include the driving speed of the vehicle, the temperature of various media in the driving system, whether the steering system and the driving system of the vehicle are working normally, etc. The vehicle sensors can provide these index parameters at any time. Vehicle driving test information mainly includes non-motorized vehicle and pedestrian information, traffic status information, road traffic condition information, etc. This information can be obtained through communication between the vehicle and roadside facilities, or through video collection. You can query road alignment information by appropriately zooming in on the geographic information system. As the current technology in this field is in the stage of accelerating construction, the update speed of the geographic information system always lags behind the change speed of the road alignment. Therefore, electronic maps cannot provide all of the information. Geographic information requires the use of vehicle-mounted units and sensors to obtain road alignment information, but this method cannot achieve better real-time performance. At present, a more effective solution is to transmit the data collected by the preceding vehicle to the following vehicle through the communication between the vehicles. In view of the traffic characteristics of our country, because the phenomenon of pedestrian and vehicle mixing is very common, the collection and processing of pedestrian and non-motor vehicle information plays an important role in traffic safety and the realization of vehicle driverless technology.
Conclusion
As a hot issue in the transportation field today, the Internet of Vehicles technology contains a wide range of content and scope. The Internet of Vehicles technology is still in the exploratory stage in the field of intelligent transportation construction in my country. The key technology of the Internet of Vehicles lies in the precise positioning of vehicles and the establishment of communication platforms. With the continuous construction and improvement of the Internet of Vehicles technology, the intelligence of vehicles and traffic management and control is further strengthened, and traffic problems will definitely be solved well.
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