Fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics need to rely on Internet of Things technology to achieve quality and quantity circulation
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The application of the Internet of Things technology in the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics can realize the transparency of information among the supervisory department, the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics enterprise, and the consumer, and achieve the purpose of querying, monitoring and tracking each link of the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics.
The purpose of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics is to ensure that fruits and vegetables are of good quality from the field to consumers. However, in the circulation, the connection of various links is often broken, resulting in high cost of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, difficult quality assurance, and unclear division of responsibilities. The application of the Internet of Things technology in the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics can realize the transparency of information among the supervisory department, the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics enterprise, and the consumer, and achieve the purpose of querying, monitoring and tracking each link of the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics.
The logistics industry is the first industry to be exposed to the Internet of Things. Smart logistics is one of the six strategic applications for the vigorous development of the Internet of Things in the next 10 to 15 years. The application of the Internet of Things technology to the logistics field has promoted the rapid development of the logistics system and promoted the logistics industry Development has entered a new era of development-the era of smart logistics. The development of smart logistics brings opportunities and challenges to all areas of logistics, making some previously uncontrollable factors transparent and accountable. Effectively link up complex and diverse links in logistics operations, while reducing logistics costs, improving logistics efficiency, and allowing consumers to shop and consume easily and at ease. This paper takes the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics as the research object, the core technology of the Internet of Things is applied to all links of the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, and the overall structure of the application of the Internet of Things technology in the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics is constructed.
1. Analysis of the status quo of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics
At present, my country’s fruit and vegetable planting area and output rank first in the world. Each year, about 400 million tons of fresh agricultural products enter the circulation field. Due to the backward preservation industry and primitive storage methods and consumption methods, according to statistics, 80 million tons of fruits and vegetables rot each year. The decay rate is the highest in the world. The main reason for this huge waste is that there is a problem in the circulation of fruits and vegetables from the field to the consumer’s table, and there is no coherent fruit and vegetable food industry chain. There is no effective economic stakeholder in the planting, purchasing, transportation, storage, processing and sales of fruits and vegetables. Farmers only plant fruits and vegetables, fruit and vegetable distributors only purchase and sell, and third-party logistics companies are only responsible for transportation and storage. Coordination between these stakeholders is difficult, and the division of responsibilities is not clear. Whether consumers can buy high-quality and low-cost fruits and vegetables depends entirely on luck.
According to statistics, 60% of fruits and vegetables are sold in the season each year, and the remaining 35%-40% need to be refrigerated. Cold chain logistics plays a very important role in the circulation of fruits and vegetables, and is an important factor to ensure the quality of fruits and vegetables and stabilize their market prices. However, there is a huge gap between my country’s fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics development level and the world’s advanced logistics level: the cold chain logistics circulation rate is low, the cold chain facilities and equipment are not matched, the fruit and vegetable cold chain technology and the fruit and vegetable cold chain system construction are in the initial stage of exploration, and the fruit and vegetable cold chain Logistics operation and fruit and vegetable transaction costs are both high, which are on average 20% higher than those in developed countries. With the improvement of people’s living standards, the requirements for food quality and freshness are getting higher and higher. Cold chain logistics has caused people to The general concern.
Second, the key technology of the Internet of Things technology in the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables
The core technologies of the Internet of Things include wireless sensor network technology, radio frequency identification technology, two-dimensional code technology, M2M object data communication technology, global positioning system technology, micro-electromechanical system technology, and two integration systems. The most critical and core technology is still wireless sensor network technology, because it runs through all levels of the Internet of Things and is the integrated application of technologies at other levels. In the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, it is necessary to identify and track each link in the fruit and vegetable circulation. Generally, radio frequency identification technology is applied to each link of the fruit and vegetable circulation to realize the seamless connection of the various links of the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics to achieve control and supervision of the fruit and vegetable circulation Quality in. At present, there are mainly the following kinds of applications of Internet of Things technology in the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables.
1. Electronic Product Code (EPC)
The product electronic code is the latest generation of product identification codes under the responsibility of the China Article Numbering Center. It can uniquely identify objects in the supply chain (including articles, containers, pallets, locations, etc.). The EPC is stored on the RFID tag. This tag contains a silicon chip and an antenna. When the EPC tag is read, it can be connected with some dynamic data. And with the help of the Internet to realize the transmission of information.
2. Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID)
Radio frequency identification technology is currently a relatively advanced non-contact identification technology. It is attached to trackable items and can be circulated globally and can be identified and read and written. RFID tags store standardized and interoperable information. The wireless data communication network automatically collects them to the central information system to realize the identification of commodities such as fruits and vegetables, and then realize the exchange and sharing of information through the open computer network, and realize the “transparent” management of the items. It can be updated at any time, scanning is convenient, scanning speed is fast, it can scan multiple targets for both visible and invisible, and low cost. At present, it is widely used in supermarkets, shopping malls, warehouses, libraries and other places. It is the basic and key technology for the application of the Internet of Things technology in the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables.
3. QR code technology
A two-dimensional code is also called a two-dimensional bar code, which is a bar code that stores information in a two-dimensional space in the horizontal and vertical directions. Two-dimensional code technology has the characteristics of large storage capacity, good confidentiality, good tracking performance, strong damage resistance, and low cost. Mainly used for product quality problem tracing, logistics center, storage center, joint logistics center annual goods and fixed assets inventory, play the role of immediate inventory, immediate decision-making, at the same time, consumers can query the source of goods by scanning the QR code on the item .
4. Global Positioning System Technology (GPS)
The Global Positioning System is a new generation satellite navigation and positioning system with all-round real-time three-dimensional navigation and positioning capabilities by sea, land and air. GPS, as a mobile sensing technology, is an important technology in the application of the Internet of Things to cold chain logistics. The combination of GPS and modern communication technology makes the method of determining the three-dimensional coordinates of the earth’s surface develop from static to dynamic, from data post-processing to real-time positioning and navigation, which greatly expands its breadth and depth of application, and is useful for cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables. Real-time query and positioning of the location of transport vehicles and objects.
5. Savant Network
Savant is a distributed network software that is responsible for the management and transmission of product electronic code related data. The middleware between the reader and the Internet. The reader reads the information from the sensors and electronic tags and sends it to Savant. Savant has the functions of data smoothing, data verification and data temporary storage. After the data is processed by Savant, it is transmitted to the Internet.
Third, the application of Internet of Things technology in each link of the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics
Fruits and vegetables can be divided into seven links from picking to sales. According to the sequence of fruit and vegetable circulation, it is analyzed how the Internet of Things technology can ensure the quality of fruits and vegetables in the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables. Through the application of the Internet of Things technology in the quality and safety of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, early warnings, responsibilities, and loopholes can be tracked through the application of the Internet of Things technology to ensure the quality and safety of fruit and vegetable circulation.
The application of the Internet of Things technology in the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics enables the identification and intelligent management of safety and quality problems in the fruit and vegetable circulation, and fundamentally solves the problems encountered in the technology, cost, service, and safety of the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics. The problem of ensuring the freshness and quality traceability of fruits and vegetables, improving the supply chain management level of fruits and vegetables, is the future development direction of cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables.
Fourth, the overall architecture of the application of Internet of Things technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics
First, the advanced Internet of Things technology is introduced into the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, collecting information on all links of the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, realizing real-time information sharing, keeping the cold chain information unblocked, and improving the efficiency of fruit and vegetable circulation. After the information is collected at the information perception layer, it is processed in real time through the network layer and transmitted to the higher-level application layer to ensure the effective connection of various links in the cold chain and form a unified information platform. Finally, the application layer provides unified information resource support according to the needs of users to serve the end users.
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