Research on the Application of Internet of Things Technology in Warehousing and Logistics
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1. Internet of Things Technology
The concept of the Internet of Things was proposed in 1999. Different institutions and experts at home and abroad have different definitions of the Internet of Things. Generally, the Internet of Things is considered to be through radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners, etc. Information sensing equipment, according to the agreed protocol, connects any item to the Internet for information exchange and communication, so as to realize a network of intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management.
At present, the prototype of the Internet of Things system has been basically formed, with typical hierarchical characteristics. A complete Internet of Things system generally includes an information perception layer, an information aggregation layer, an information processing layer, an operation layer, and an application layer. There are six core key application technologies in the Internet of Things. At present, the sensing and convergence technology at the bottom of the Internet of Things system has the fastest development and application, which promotes the continuous upgrading of the entire system structure.
2. The application of Internet of Things technology in warehousing logistics
The Internet of Things is an intelligent network system for information exchange and communication through various types of information sensing equipment, in accordance with the agreed agreement, to realize the interconnection of items according to needs, and to realize intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management. .
The Internet of Things mainly has a three-layer architecture, namely, the perception layer, the network layer, and the application layer. According to this architecture of the Internet of Things, the Internet of Things mainly includes three major technical systems: one is the perception technology system, the second is the communication and network technology system, and the third is the intelligent technology system.
In smart warehousing, in order to realize the perception, positioning, identification, measurement, sorting, and monitoring of warehoused goods, sensing technologies such as sensors, RFID, barcode, laser, infrared, Bluetooth, voice and video surveillance are mainly used.
In the logistics center information system with warehousing as the core, the network technology that is directly connected to the internal LAN of the enterprise is basically adopted, and the interface with the wireless network and the Internet is reserved. Where it is inconvenient for wiring, the wireless LAN technology is generally used. The modern warehousing system not only has complex items and different performances, but also has complex operation processes, including sorting and combination, both storage and movement.
Therefore, intelligent logistics centers with warehousing as the core often adopt intelligent technologies such as automatic control technology, intelligent information management technology, intelligent robot palletizing technology, data mining technology, and mobile computing technology.
At present, in the development of warehousing and logistics in our country, the phenomenon of regional and industry segmentation, repeated construction, mutual closure, manual operation as the mainstay, and chaotic and loose management have severely reduced the capacity of warehousing, affected the efficiency of warehousing, and also made the warehousing The lack of safety and reliability in logistics management not only causes great losses to the enterprise, but also increases the cost of warehouse management invisibly. Most of these phenomena are caused by some reasons such as untimely information or errors, inefficient warehousing operations, and backward decision-making and control. To change these situations, some advanced technology and equipment must be used in warehousing and logistics management.
The biggest trend of modern logistics is networking and intelligence. Therefore, the application of intelligent storage network and transmission technology in storage management is very important. Among them, the information transmission between logistics centers and stores and distribution points also often rely on Internet technology.
Since 2010, technologies based on wireless local area networks have also been applied in IoT systems in the warehousing industry. Colleagues, perception technology and intelligent warehousing operation and control technology are also widely used in warehousing management. Good results have been achieved in picking data, video surveillance, seamless integration of some logistics systems with enterprise production management systems, and intelligent operations.
3. The advantages and disadvantages of the application of Internet of Things technology in warehouse management
3.1 Advantages
(1) Aging control can be carried out
Because barcodes cannot contain aging information, it is necessary to attach electronic tags to preserved food or time-limited products, which greatly increases the trouble for porters, especially when a container has products with different time-effectiveness, reading the time-effective labels of the products one by one is one thing. A work that wastes time and energy. Secondly, if the warehouse cannot reasonably arrange the storage order of the time-sensitive goods, the porters fail to see all the time-effective labels and the goods that are shipped out of the warehouse earlier but choose the goods that arrive later, which will cause the time-limitation of some stocks to expire. Cause waste and loss.
The RFI D system can solve this problem. The aging information of the goods can be stored in the RFID electronic tags of the goods, so that when the goods enter the warehouse, the information can be automatically read and stored in the database. The porter can prompt this through the reader installed on the shelf or the handheld reader. Class goods are processed. This not only saves time, but also avoids losses caused by expired food.
(2) Improve work efficiency and reduce costs
In terms of warehousing, when goods using traditional barcodes enter and exit the warehouse, the administrator needs to repeatedly move and scan each piece of goods, and in order to facilitate inventory, the density and height of the goods are also restricted, which restricts the space of the warehouse. Utilization rate. If RI FD electronic tags are used, when each piece of goods enters the warehouse, the reader installed on the door has already read the information of each piece of goods from the RFID electronic tag placed on it, and stores it in the database.
The administrator can easily understand the inventory with just a click of the mouse, and can query the product information through the Internet of Things and notify the supplier that the product has arrived or is lacking. In this way, not only greatly saves manpower, improves work efficiency, but also improves the space utilization rate of the warehouse, improves inventory efficiency, and reduces storage costs; at the same time, the production department or purchasing department can also quickly and accurately determine the inventory situation. Adjusting the work plan in time can avoid shortages or reduce unnecessary inventory backlogs.
(3) Prevent theft and reduce losses
With the RFID electronic label technology, the information system can quickly monitor the entry and exit of unauthorized products and call the police when the goods are in and out of the warehouse.
(4) Effectively control inventory management
When the inventory is consistent with the inventory list, we believe that the list is accurate and carry out logistics management in accordance with the list. However, in fact, there are data showing that nearly 30% of the lists have more or less errors. Most of the reasons are due to Misscanning of barcodes during inventory counting. These mistakes have caused a disconnect between the flow of information and the flow of goods, making out-of-stock goods appear to be sufficient and not being ordered in time, and ultimately harming the interests of merchants and consumers.
Through the Internet of Things, manufacturers can clearly monitor the installation of RFI D electronic tags from the product offline, entering and leaving the distributor’s warehouse, until reaching the retail end or even the sales situation at the retail end; distributors can monitor inventory and maintain a reasonable inventory volume.
The accuracy and high speed of information identification by the RFID system can reduce the error distribution, storage and transportation of goods. The Internet of Things can also effectively establish an information sharing mechanism, so that all parties in the logistics supply chain can perform data read by the RFD system throughout the process. Check by multiple parties and correct the wrong information in a timely manner.
3.2 Disadvantages
(1) Domestic and international frequency standards are inconsistent
In the formulation of RFID standards in various countries, frequency has always been a dragging issue. Because some frequency bands that are convenient for radio frequency use are still controlled by certain countries, and have not yet been approved in the voting of international standards, it has brought considerable difficulties to the use and expansion of RFID system functions. Therefore, most of the current RFD systems still only work in one frequency band, but different frequency bands have different advantages.
(2) High cost
The high price of RFID electronic tags makes it difficult to popularize a single product. The price for a common RFI D electronic tag to be universally used should be below 0.4 yuan, but the current selling price is still around 1 to 8 yuan. In order to achieve the goal, the entire RFID industry, including design, manufacturing, packaging, protocols, back-end networks, and reader costs, needs to be coordinated to reduce costs. It also cannot be separated from the joint efforts of international organizations, government departments, and large consortia and commercial companies. effort.
4. Issues that need attention in the application of Internet of Things technology
4.1 When using these new Internet of Things technologies, it is necessary to fully weigh the pros and cons of them, and be prepared to deal with the opposition that may come from some conservatives within the enterprise.
4.2 To enable warehouse management personnel to master the Internet of Things operation technology as quickly as possible, they need to conduct various trainings to improve their labor quality in order to better serve warehouse management and improve work efficiency.
4.3 Because the Internet of Things technology has not yet been popularized on a large scale, the immaturity of the technology and the high cost have always been problems, so enterprises should use it carefully according to their actual conditions.
5. The development trend of the application of Internet of Things technology in warehouse management
Although the application of the Internet of Things technology in warehouse management has certain disadvantages and problems, its value is still greater than its disadvantages when comprehensively considered. Therefore, it should be able to develop better in the future. I believe that it will be more and more convenient through continuous improvement. Fast. I think this will become a trend with the development of integrated applications of perception technology. People’s increasing attention to the physical properties of objects will promote the integrated application of various perception technologies in the warehousing industry.
For example, the integration of RFID technology and sensor technology can provide more in-depth perception of storage items with special requirements such as fruits, grains, vegetables, and medicines, and provide people with more convenient services. In 2010, this trend has begun to appear, and it is moving towards the intelligentization of the storage environment. In the logistics management of dangerous goods, the wireless sensor network can be used to monitor the status of dangerous goods and their containers in real time, so as to provide safety guarantee for the tracking, monitoring, and management of the dangerous goods logistics process and ensure product quality.
Communication technology and wireless networks will also be widely used in the future. The development of the third generation (3rd Generation, 3G) mobile communication technology has created conditions for the warehouse distribution center to build a wireless network system. Now, wireless technology has been used in many storage systems. For example, the wireless electronic tag assisted picking system can save the wiring link, which greatly facilitates the system construction. In 2013, it is expected that wireless network technology and mobile communication technology will be more widely used in the field of warehousing IoT.
At the same time, with the development of sensing technology and information technology, intelligent robots and unmanned vehicles will be integrated into the Internet of Things in warehousing. In recent years, the Internet of Things and intelligent operation of unmanned vehicles and logistics systems have realized smart logistics. I believe that with the development of the Internet of Things technology and the application of intelligent technology, unmanned guided vehicles will surely achieve a broader development.
With the rapid development of the application of RFID technology in the warehousing industry, there will be a general trend of interconnection and interconnection in the Internet of warehousing things.
In the field of warehousing, the application of RFID will gradually expand to a wider area from point to surface, and produce greater benefits.
Although the Internet of Things technology is still limited to the internal networking application of independent warehouse distribution centers, it is still an independent, localized intelligent warehousing system. With the help of the Internet of Things technology, these independent intelligent storage systems are networked to achieve interoperability and form a real storage Internet of Things. This is to generate new changes on the basis of intelligent storage, which will bring about a revolution in storage informatization.
This will completely break the structure of the original logistics information system, and even have a huge impact on modern logistics technology and equipment in the logistics operation process, and bring revolutionary changes to the structure of modern warehousing and logistics centers. With continuous exploration, I believe that true smart logistics will be realized in the future. This will be a brand new change and will open a new chapter in logistics development.
6. Conclusion
This article gives a detailed introduction to the development of the Internet of Things technology, and then focuses on the application of Internet of Things technology in warehousing logistics management in recent years, and conducts a specific analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the application of Internet of Things technology in warehousing logistics. Analyze, fully understand the current problems, how to improve and other issues.
Finally, the development direction and trend of the Internet of Things technology in warehousing and logistics are analyzed and researched. The Internet of Things technology not only has a profound impact on the warehousing industry. It is believed that with the continuous development of technology, the logistics industry will also be promoted by the Internet of Things technology. New changes will be produced under the circumstances.
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