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1. Project background
In recent years, the frequent occurrence of many food safety incidents has seriously threatened the health of consumers, which has aroused widespread concern worldwide, and has also affected the healthy, sustained and stable development of the food industry. How to ensure the safety of the food supply chain has become an urgent global issue that needs to be resolved. Traditional food quality inspection methods have problems such as lagging management, low efficiency and high error rate. The use of RFID technology to establish a safe food supply chain system can effectively solve the above problems. The RFID system can provide a reliable connection between the food and the source in the food supply chain, ensuring that the source of the food arriving at the supermarket shelf and kitchen is clear, and can be traced to the production enterprise, even animals, plants, and specific processing operators.
“Food is the heaven for the people, and safety is the first.” The application of RFID technology in the safe food supply chain will help food companies strengthen food safety management, stabilize and expand consumer groups, and enhance market competition. From the perspective of the food supply chain, it creates an environment for consumers to consume with confidence, establishes a good image, and effectively improves the service level of the entire supply chain. Although there are still some problems to be solved in the application of RFID, its application prospects are very broad.
2. Issues in food safety
In recent years, my country has entered a period of frequent food safety incidents. Food safety issues were listed as one of the top ten hot issues in China’s business in 2009. Avian influenza, foot-and-mouth disease, inferior milk powder, poisonous dumplings in Japan, and the recent poisonous cowpea incident in Hainan…The amount of “problem food”, the wide range of coverage, and the serious consequences caused by it have reached the point of discoloration. Point. Food safety still has problems such as exceeding standards, lack of laws and regulations, testing and environmental protection systems, and unsound regulatory traceability information platforms. Consumers have low confidence in the safety of any type of food. The successive food safety issues are severely damaging people’s dietary confidence…What happened to Chinese food?
What else can we eat tomorrow? How to find effective tracking, management, tracing, and assessment methods to ensure safety is an important issue that China is currently facing urgently to solve on food safety issues.
3. Application of RFID technology in food safety management at home and abroad
Many developed countries attach great importance to food safety. In addition to establishing relevant legal systems, they also adopt high-tech measures to manage food safety. For example, Japan has established a “food ID card system” product history and tracking and monitoring system, requiring production, circulation, etc. Various departments widely use RFID electronic label technology and bar code technology to record data in the production and circulation process of products in detail.
A cattle tracking system has been established in Europe. In September 1998, the United Kingdom announced a cattle tracking system plan. By the end of 1999, all member states of the European Community had implemented this system plan. The British government stipulated that July 1, 2000. An identification system must be used for cattle born or imported after the date of birth, and RFID electronic tags must be installed within 20 days of the cattle’s birth to record the birth, import, activities, vaccines, diseases, and deaths of each cattle. With the economic benefits of the application of RFID technology in European food safety management, in June 2001, European customers began to emphasize the convenience of logistics transportation and traceability of fresh agricultural products, and required the use of EAN/UCC-128 on packaging. Barcodes were promulgated in the European Food Safety Act in January 2005, and the traceability requirements for fresh foods came into effect. New Zealand kiwi fruit was approved for sale on European supermarket shelves in 2005. In 2003, the UK implemented the identification standard for pigs. On January 1, 2008, European regulations compulsory electronic identification of sheep.
Application of RFID technology in food safety management in my country
In my country, RFID technology has also been applied to food safety tracking management, and has received strong support from many local governments. In May 2002, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the “Administrative Measures for Animal Immunization Labeling” stipulating that pigs, cattle, and sheep must wear immune ear tags. Establish an immunization file management system. In order to ensure the safety of food supply to Hong Kong, the system adopts RFID radio frequency identification technology for food breeding, production, processing, transportation, wholesale, port inspection, Retail and other links. Attaching RFID electronic tags to the outer packaging of food contains food inspection information, food growth, production information, storage, transportation and packaging information. Hong Kong citizens can trace the origin of the food and other information through the electronic tag reader. More at ease. In Shandong Shouguang Vegetables, in the province, with the help of the golden engineering network platform of the Shandong Provincial Quality Supervision System, a provincial food safety and quality database has been established to provide consumers with dynamic and authoritative food quality traceability information. Sichuan pig breeding and Zhejiang aquatic product export have successively established RFID traceability systems for food safety management, which effectively guarantees local food safety supervision. These pilot projects have greatly promoted the establishment of my country’s food safety traceability system.
Fourth, the implementation of quality retrospective analysis of food safety
At present, there are not many methods for food supply chain safety management. Traditional methods cannot achieve traceability management. In some food industries, barcode technology is used for safety traceability. However, this method generally uses manual methods to read barcodes at close range, which cannot obtain the quality information of a large number of foods in real time and quickly, and it cannot provide real-time records of the environmental information of the food in the circulation link.
In order to eliminate hidden food safety hazards and trace the loopholes in the processing, transportation or storage links, these processes need to be traced. There are two ways to achieve food safety management in specific applications:
◎ Trace back from top to bottom
This method is mainly used to find the causes of quality problems and determine the origin and characteristics of the product;
◎Tracing from bottom to top
When a consumer finds a safety problem in the food purchased at a POS point of sale, he can finally determine the problem to the upper level. This method is mainly used for the recall of the problematic product.
Five, system technical solutions
5.1, working principle
After the electronic tag reader 1 starts working, it sends an instruction to read the tag 3 to the antenna 2. The electronic tag 3 on the food 4 receives the radio wave energy from the antenna 2, and then sends the serial number information to the antenna 2, and the antenna 2 receives this signal , And send this signal to the reader 1. The reader will process the received signal and then bury it in the data processing chip 5 integrated in the reader. At the same time, it will be distributed in each of the circulation links. The sensors 6 respectively send the measured surrounding environment information to the data processing chip 5. The data processing chip 5 comprehensively processes the received information, and then sends the processing results to the food safety database 8 through the communication network 7.
5.2, system architecture
The system consists of electronic tags, antennas, readers, sensors that detect external environmental parameters, food safety databases, food safety assessment algorithms, and corresponding service networks. Its outstanding feature is the electronic tags attached to food packaging; temperature, humidity, Sensors such as illuminance; use the RFID public service system to form a food safety management system, a quality assessment system and a traceability system based on food quality information and environmental data.
Schematic diagram of RFID food safety management system architecture. The electronic label is pasted on the food or food packaging box, the reader is connected to the antenna, and the sensor is integrated with the reader. The data packets read by it are transmitted to the food safety management database through the network, and the manufacturers and products in each link of the food supply chain Information is registered in the RFID public service system, based on the food safety management database, through the integration of supply chain information, the system provides food information services, food safety traceability, food quality assessment and other application services.
The food safety management database is the basis for the realization of functions and services of the system. It establishes a data record for each food corresponding to an electronic label to describe its operating personnel and environmental parameters in various circulation links such as food processing, transportation and warehouses. , Processing method and time and other information.
In the process of food raw material production, the pasture raised livestock records feed, vaccine and other information, and the farm grows agricultural products to record varieties and fertilization information. These information are transmitted to the food safety management system through the network and written into the database.
In the process of food production and processing, a unique RFID electronic tag is embedded on its surface or packaging material. The encoding format and number of bits are determined by the national food safety standard. The manufacturer reads the electronic tag through the reader. The network writes various information that can affect the quality of the food into the food safety database, such as the source of raw materials, processing technology, processor name, product quality information, recommended eating period, eating method, etc.
5.3, application service
Based on the integration of food safety management database and food supply chain information, the system can provide the following services.
(1) Food information service
Users can enjoy food information services through inquiries.On the dining table, you can get information on the origin of each dish, the producer (processing), the date of production, the chef, and the cooking method; when shopping in the supermarket, you can get the flow information and safety information of the purchased food
(2) Food safety traceability
In the event of an outbreak, the food safety management system can quickly find the product sales location, responsible person, and product origin information. Not only can the final consumer of each food be found according to the food safety traceability system, but also the circulation or production process can be found In the process where problems occur, take corresponding measures.
(3) Terminal query system
As the main channel for consumers to buy food, the supermarket can check the information of the food purchased on the RFID electronic tag query terminal provided by the supermarket or the manufacturer.
6. Application of RFID in the vegetable supply chain
6.1 All links in the vegetable supply chain
The vegetable supply chain, like most agricultural product supply chains, also includes several links such as production, processing, warehousing, transportation and sales. The key to submitting the efficiency of the fresh vegetable supply chain is how to coordinate several links and how to improve the efficiency of each link.The current domestic supply of fresh vegetables is shown in the figure
It can be seen from the whole vegetable supply chain that through the use of RFID technology, the information of each link in the entire supply chain can be easily read into the public database, and each link can also easily increase the data of the corresponding link. Consumers and relevant authorities can also inquire and trace through communication networks and terminals.
6.2 Production link
The production link mainly refers to relatively large-scale and standardized vegetable planting bases. Such production bases generally implement large-scale planting and intensive operation, and have the conditions to adopt RFID technology.
A label can be set for each plot or variety, and the necessary information in the entire process from planting to packaging of the plot or variety of vegetables can be entered in time through the reading or input device, such as vegetable varieties. , Growth time, the name and frequency of pesticide spraying, the fertilizer used, harvest time, etc., and even the description of the characteristics of the variety. According to the agricultural product coding standard, a number is set for each type of vegetable as the unique identification of its identity. In this way, when this variety of vegetables completes the first link of the supply chain, the electronic tag has already stored all its basic information. When the acquiring company purchases vegetable varieties on any plot, it uses data collectors to collect information on agricultural products and agricultural products, which not only speeds up the acquisition speed and reduces the error rate, but also provides POS systems and EDI ( The basic data of electronic customs clearance system), drug residue testing system, e-commerce and other systems provide source data for product traceability. Take the onion of a certain planting base in a certain place as an example, the content contained in its electronic label.
6.3. Processing link
Since the electronic label can easily add information, the information contained in the electronic label can be read first in the process of processing. Additives used in the process, packaging weight, etc. After the data of the processing enterprise is enriched, the origin information and processing link information have been stored in the electronic tag. When the end consumer inquires about the product information through the query terminal in the retail or wholesale market, the relevant information can be exhausted. It also becomes easy and feasible to trace back after an accident.
6.4. Warehousing
Vegetables, as a seasonal product, have high requirements on the warehouse environment. Especially when the warehouse environment is not good, the storage time of vegetables in the warehouse should be reduced. For vegetables that need to be stored in the warehouse, pass the electronic label before entering the warehouse. The data is read, and the packaging specifications and packaging weight are automatically read into the computer. After processing by the computer, the inventory information is formed according to the characteristics of the warehouse, and the instructions for the storage location, shelf, and cargo location are output. When counting, the terminal reads the electronic label on the vegetable package and records the counted quantity in real time. After the on-site inventory is completed, the inventory staff confirms the number of inventory and uploads it to the back-end database. The back-end database compares the data uploaded in real time with the data in the system. If there are any surprises in the quantity, the system will automatically generate the inventory difference table, and then submit the data to the superior or instruct the terminal to repeat the inventory. There is no need for excessive labor when leaving the library. Participation can automatically change the inventory data. The use of RFID technology greatly accelerates the speed of entry and exit and warehouse inventory, and reduces the error rate. At the same time, it also provides convenience for the use of computers for inventory management and increasing the degree of automation of warehouse management.
6.5. Transportation link
The application of RFID technology in the transportation of fresh vegetables is mainly reflected in the monitoring, tracking and port inspection of goods in transit. The combination of RFID technology and GPS can provide logistics companies with real-time monitoring and tracking services. At the same time, owners can also easily know where their goods have reached through the computer network. When passing through the port for inspection, the inspection unit does not need to Unpacking the vegetable package, you can know the specific content of the packaged product only through the handheld reader, which greatly improves the speed of port inspection and relieves the squeezing force of the port.
6.6. Sales link
The application of RFID technology in the retail link is embodied in the theft prevention of the unit packaged vegetables in retail stores or supermarkets, the monitoring of vegetable expiration dates, and temporary sales. RFID anti-theft technology is to put electronic tags into the product packaging, and the computer system monitors the tags of various products in the store in real time through the on-site readers and other supporting facilities. In this way, retailers can open shelves with confidence. RFID electronic tags can monitor the validity period of certain time-sensitive commodities. For example, when tracking a certain food, once the validity period has expired, the label will send an alarm.
The application of RFID technology in the fresh vegetable supply chain can not only ensure the high-quality data exchange of the supply chain, but also realize the “source” tracking of food and the complete transparency of the vegetable supply chain. This is because the RFID system provides a detailed and unique perspective of the supply chain by providing a separate identification and storage and transportation history for each vegetable product, ensuring that the source of vegetable products arriving on supermarket shelves and restaurant kitchens is clear .
7. Introduction to the main equipment of the system
7.1, RFID reader
Key performance advantages:
1) The certified EPCglobal ?class 1 second-generation UHF RFID protocol supports intensive read-write mode
2) Comply with ISO 18000-6C UHF RFID standard;
3) Support LLRP, MACH1 and SNMP protocols;
4) It has 2/4 ports, and each port can be connected to a transmitting and receiving antenna at the same time. This configuration shows the industry’s leading performance;
5) Support RS-232 serial port and RJ45 network port;
6) Up to 1100 tags can be read per second;
7) Contains Linux operating system;
8) The receiving sensitivity can reach -80dBm;
9) Support all Gen 2 standard commands, including write, lock and delete;
10) The working mode can be adjusted by automatically setting commands according to the different dense environment on site;
11) The working frequency is 920MHZ~925MHZ, which complies with China’s frequency standards;
12) Can distinguish the direction of entry and exit of the label;
13) The working temperature is -20~+55 ℃, and the storage temperature is -20~+85 ℃.
7.2, RFID handheld reader
RFID handheld reader based on Windows CE 5.0, this product has the advantages of low power consumption, multiple data interfaces, simple human-computer interaction interface, etc., and can be widely used in various RFID systems. Typical applications include:
♦ Logistics and warehousing management: logistics industries such as item flow and warehousing management, as well as post office flow management systems for mail, parcels, and luggage transportation;
♦ Supply chain application field: the application of goods supply process;
♦ Product anti-counterfeiting detection: use the write protection function of the tag’s internal memory to identify the authenticity of the product;
♦ Other fields: It has been widely used in club management, library, student status, consumption management, attendance management, and other systems.
Features:
♦ It is an ultra-perfect combination of integrated PDA and RFID data collection. It adopts a streamlined Windows CE embedded operating system, which can realize RFID data collection and storage functions;
♦ Comprehensive functions, with Bluetooth, WIFI, GPS, GPRS (3G), one-dimensional and two-dimensional bar code functions; (optional, users can choose whether to add these modules according to specific needs);
7.3. Reader antenna
Features:
The environmental rating of IP 67 and the appearance of mini are the smallest RFID antennas on the market. It is very suitable for small installation environments, such as the two arms of the machine on the production line (asset management project)
application:
a. Material management: It is selected in the domestic firearms management project. Under the condition that the electronic tag and the reader/writer antenna are relatively fixed, whether the tag can be read reliably is a difficult point in the management of firearms. The antenna can be matched with the reader stably, and the product is small in size, which is very suitable for installation in the gun cabinet.Obvious advantages in occasions with strict requirements on size
b. Warehouse management c, logistics distribution center d, airports, hospitals e, passages and conveyor belts
7.4. Card issuing machine
RFID card issuers can be used in conjunction with a series of electronic tags to be widely used in tobacco logistics, access control management systems, urban vehicle automatic identification management, highway non-stop toll collection and material management applications.
The RFID card issuer has a built-in small antenna. As a card issuing device, the typical distance for reading electronic tags is 10cm.
The function of the system
ø Read the ID number or EPC code in a single electronic tag;
ø Read and write data in the user data area in the electronic label;
ø Good anti-collision performance, can read the ID number or EPC code in multiple electronic tags at the same time;
ø Provide USB interface for data communication and power supply for card issuer;
ø LED lights indicate the power supply and working conditions of the card issuer.
RFID card issuer performance indicators:
ø Power supply: powered by USB port +5V/250mA (DC);
n Power consumption: less than 1.3W;
ø Dimensions: 170 mm×110 mm×40 mm;
ø Weight: less than 0.4kg;
ø Ambient working temperature: -20℃～＋65℃;
ø Ambient storage temperature: -40℃～＋70℃;
ø Communication interface: USB port;
ø Operating frequency range: 902MHz ~928MHz;
ø RF output power: ≤10.0dBm;
ø Power flatness: ≤0.5dBm (902 MHz ~928MHz);
ø Output frequency deviation: ≤10ppm;
ø Frequency hopping mode can be set: sequential frequency hopping, random frequency hopping;
ø Receiving sensitivity: ≤-30dBm@receiving error rate ≤1% (915MHz);
ø Receiving bit error rate: ≤1%@receiving channel sensitivity ≤-30dBm.
Read performance:
ø The reading distance is related to the output power of the card issuer, antenna and electronic tag;
ø Write label distance=read label distance*70%;
ø The reading time of a single card (ID number or EPC code) is less than 10ms;
ø Single card (single byte) write time is less than 20ms;
ø Multi-label identification and anti-collision mechanism: follow ISO18000-6B/6C protocol;
ø Multi-label recognition rate: ≥ 10 pieces/sec
ø Maximum reading label distance: 10 cm
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