Application of RFID-based Internet of Things Technology in Logistics Warehouse Management
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introduction
RFID technology was born during World War II, but its development has been relatively slow for more than 50 years. In recent years, as its application technology environment has matured, the Internet of Things technology based on radio frequency identification (RFID) has suddenly emerged, attracting the attention of many industries. With the rapid development of information technology, the management of the logistics and warehousing supply chain must keep pace with the times and develop towards industrial digitization and intelligence. RFID-based Internet of Things technology is an IT hotspot that has attracted worldwide attention in recent years. RFID technology has been widely used in China, with outstanding applications in logistics, second-generation ID cards, electronic ticketing, highways, property management, and public transportation. The Internet of Things technology based on RFID has become the focus and breakthrough point of logistics and warehousing informatization. On the basis of introducing the connotation of RFID-based Internet of Things technology, this article analyzes the impact of Internet of Things technology on all levels of logistics warehouse management, and initially explores the practical application of RFID-based Internet of Things technology in logistics warehouse management.
Introduction to Internet of Things Technology
1. The connotation of the Internet of Things
Internet of Things (IOT, Internet of Things) is also called “sensor network”, which refers to the use of various information sensing devices such as radio frequency identification to connect the information of all items with the Internet in real time to achieve intelligent management and identification. The Internet of Things assigns identification to each item, and obtains the information in the identification of the item through radio frequency identification devices, infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners, etc., so as to achieve the purpose of identifying items and tracking the supply chain in real time. The Internet of Things is composed of three elements. One is sensing equipment, which uses QR codes, radio frequency tags and sensors to identify “things.” Network, communication network or the future NGN (Next Generation Network) network to realize the transmission and calculation of data, such as the M2M (Machine-To-Machine) business actively promoted by China Mobile; the third is the processing terminal, which refers to the input and output control terminal, mobile phone, Computers, communication base stations and other mobile terminals. Therefore, we can give a definition to the Internet of Things, that is: through radio frequency identification, infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners and other information sensing equipment, according to the agreed agreement, any item is connected to the Internet for information exchange And communication to realize intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management of a network.
2. RFID technology
The full name of RFID is Radio Frequeney Identification, which is called radio frequency identification in Chinese. It is a technology that uses radio frequency signals to achieve contactless information transmission through spatial coupling (alternating magnetic field or electromagnetic field), and achieves identification through the transmitted information. . The most important advantage of RFID technology is non-contact identification. It can read tags through harsh environments where snow, fog, ice, paint, dust and barcodes cannot be used, and the reading speed is extremely fast, in most cases less than 100 milliseconds, especially in The field of identifying unique objects has unparalleled advantages over other recognition technologies.
A complete RFID system includes RFID data collection terminals (tags, readers, antennas), middleware or interfaces, application systems, and management platforms. The RFID application system reference architecture can generally take the form of a four-layer structure, from bottom to top, the reader layer, the edge layer, the integration layer, and the application layer. The working principle of the RFID system is: the reader sends a certain frequency radio frequency query signal through the transmitting antenna. When the electronic tag enters the working area of the transmitting antenna, an induced current is generated. The energy of the tag is activated and the information such as its own encoding is automatically sent through the built-in card. The antenna is sent out; the system receiving antenna receives the carrier signal sent from the tag, and transmits it to the reader through the antenna adjuster. The reader mediates and decodes the received signal, and then sends it through the computer host, wireless PDA or card issuer and other equipment Go to the background management system for corresponding processing and control, and finally send out instruction signals to control the reader to complete different read and write operations. Figure 1.
3. RFID and logistics warehouse management system
Based on a simple RFID system, combined with existing network technology, database technology, middleware technology, etc., to build a large number of networked readers and countless mobile tags, the “Internet of Things” (Internet of Things) has become the trend of RFID technology development.
The logistics warehouse management system uses RFID radio frequency identification technology to capture information, connects it to an open network system through wireless data communication and other technologies, and automatically recognizes and tracks the information in each link in the supply chain, thereby building a huge logistics system A highly intelligent physical Internet that covers all the items in the warehouse, and even between items and people.
The Internet of Things based on RFID will fundamentally change the management level of flow monitoring in all aspects of production, transportation, warehousing, etc. within the scope of global logistics and warehousing. A product with an electronic label has the unique code of the product in the electronic label. When the product with the label passes through a reader, the information of the product will be transmitted to the designated computer via the Internet. This is a Fully automatic product flow monitoring network. Through the logistics warehousing management system, items with electronic tags can be identified, tracked and monitored anytime and anywhere on demand, so as to achieve real-time sharing of information, facilitate overall management, and better promote the production of enterprise production capacity.
Application of Internet of Things Technology in Logistics Warehousing Management
1. Purchasing link
In the procurement process, companies can use RFID technology to achieve timely procurement and rapid response procurement. The management department can understand the supply status of the entire supply chain in real time through RFID technology, so as to better grasp inventory information, supply and production demand information, etc., make and manage the purchase plan in time, and generate effective purchase orders in time. Through the application of RFID technology, accurate materials can be purchased at the correct time without causing inventory backlog, and the lack of materials will not affect the production plan, so as to realize the transition from “simple purchase” to “reasonable procurement”, that is, at the right time , Choose the right product, at the right price, according to the right quality, and get it through the right supplier.
Based on the information resources integrated through the Internet of Things technology, enterprises can realize the informatization of internal procurement and external operations, realize paperless procurement management, increase the speed of information transmission, accelerate the response speed of production decisions, and finally achieve work The unification of flow means that the purchase order is taken as the source to accurately track each link of the purchase order flow from the supplier’s confirmation of order, delivery, arrival, inspection, warehousing, etc., and a variety of procurement process options are available, such as Orders are placed directly in the warehouse, or checked and placed in the warehouse after the arrival quality inspection process. At the same time, during the entire process, the monitoring and management of the planned status of the procurement inventory, the status of the order in transit, and the status of the arrival pending inspection can be realized. Through the unified control of capital flow, logistics and information flow in the procurement process, the total cost and total efficiency of the procurement process can be optimally matched.
2. Production link
The starting point of the traditional enterprise logistics system is in or out of the warehouse, but in the RFID-based logistics system, all materials should have begun to implement RFID tags during the production process. As in general commodity logistics, most of the RFID tags are used in the form of self-adhesive labels, only need to paste RFID tags on the packaging of goods.
The most important thing in the production of enterprise materials is the information entry of RFID tags, which can be completed in 4 steps:
(1) Describe the corresponding item information, including production department, completion time, production processes and responsible persons, use period, use target department, project number, security level, etc. The comprehensive information entry of RFID tags will become powerful for process tracking support.
(2) Enter the relevant information of the item into the corresponding RFID tag item in the database.
(3) Edit the items and the corresponding information to obtain the original information and database of the items. This is the first step in the entire logistics system and the first link where RFID begins to intervene. The information in this link needs to be absolutely guaranteed And the accuracy and safety of RFID tags.
(4) After completing the information entry, use the reader to confirm the information and check whether the information corresponding to the RFID tag is consistent with the item information. At the same time, data entry is performed, showing the completion time of entry of RFID tag information for each item and the person who handles it. In order to ensure the uniqueness of RFID tags, the information of the same products can be sorted and coded to facilitate the inventory of the same items.
3. Warehousing link
Three basic elements of traditional logistics system warehousing are strictly controlled: handling personnel, items, and records. This process requires a lot of manpower and time, and generally requires multiple inspections to ensure accuracy. In the RFID warehousing system, through the RFID information exchange system, these three links can be efficiently and accurately controlled. In the RFID warehousing system, the RFID tag of the item is identified through the reader at the entrance channel, and the information of the corresponding item is found in the database and automatically entered into the RFID inventory management system. The system records and verifies the warehousing information. If it is qualified, it will record the inventory information. If there is an error, it will prompt an error message, send an alarm signal, and automatically prohibit the warehousing. In the RFID inventory information system, through functional expansion, it can directly guide the radio frequency terminal on the equipment of the forklift and stacker to select an empty space and find the best way to reach the empty space. After the reader confirms that the goods are in place, the inventory information is updated immediately. After the materials have been put into the warehouse, the warehousing list can be printed out through the RFID system printer, and the person in charge can confirm it.
4. Inventory management
After the items are in the warehouse, the RFID system needs to be used for inventory inspection and management. This link includes regular inventory inspections of the classified items through the reader, and analysis of the inventory changes of the items; when the items are shifted, the RFID of the goods is automatically collected through the reader Label and find the corresponding information in the database, and automatically enter the information into the inventory management system, record the name, quantity, location and other information of the item, check whether there is any abnormality, and greatly reduce the traditional inventory with the help of the RFID system The manual workload in management realizes safe and efficient inventory management of items. Because RFID realizes the automation of data entry, there is no need to manually check or scan bar codes during inventory, which can reduce a lot of manpower and material resources and make inventory faster and more accurate. The use of RFID technology for inventory control can accurately grasp inventory information in real time and understand the demand pattern of each product to replenish in time, change inefficient operations, and at the same time improve inventory management capabilities, reduce average inventory levels, and use dynamic real-time inventory Control effectively reduces inventory costs.
5. Outbound management
In the management of the RFID outbound system, the management system automatically determines the pick-up area and the optimal pick-up path according to the item’s outbound order requirements. After scanning the RFID tags of the goods and the cargo space, the items out of the warehouse are confirmed, and the inventory is updated at the same time. When the item reaches the exit channel, the reader will automatically read the RFID tag and call up the corresponding information in the database. Compare it with the order information line. If it is correct, it will be out of the warehouse, and the inventory of the goods will be reduced accordingly; If there is an abnormality, a prompt message will appear in the warehouse management system for the staff to deal with.
6. Yard management
Items need to be inspected regularly after they are delivered to the cargo yard, and traditional inspection methods consume a lot of manpower and time. With the help of the RFID system, it is much more convenient to check objects in the storage yard. The UHF high-frequency radio frequency system can automatically identify the RFID tags with a radius of 10 meters. The reader of the RFID system will first identify the RFID tags of the same batch of items, and at the same time, call up the corresponding tag information in the database; then combine these information with Compare the database to check whether there are any abnormalities in the various items in the yard.
Concluding remarks
Nowadays, the “Internet of Things” is regarded as an important driving force for the recovery of the world economy, and its core technology RFID has also attracted much attention. RFID technology has the advantages of non-contact and automatic identification, and has a wide range of applications in logistics management. However, the development of RFID still faces many problems. Technical standards, implementation costs, and information security have all constituted major obstacles to the full application of RFID. When a unified RFID international standard is formulated, the implementation cost of RFID is reduced to an acceptable level, and the information security problems that RFID may cause are solved, RFID will usher in a rapid global development in many industries, including logistics. Spring.
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