Highway vehicle wireless path tracking, speed monitoring and intelligent toll collection system
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1. Background
The Ministry of Communications clearly stated in the “Eleventh Five-Year Development Plan for Highway and Waterway Traffic Informationization” that it is necessary to “focus on the promotion of highway networked toll collection, non-stop toll collection, and networked monitoring.” Sulian actively responded to this call and developed a highway vehicle path tracking and intelligent toll management system-Z-Net Intelligent, which adopts innovative Z-net technology based on the “low-cost, effective and efficient traffic informatization development model”. Charge System.
2. Purpose
1. Obtain the complete and clear actual driving path of the vehicle, solve the problem of accurate split accounting and settlement in the segmented toll road after the network toll, and further realize the automatic segmented billing without stopping;
2. The vehicle toll is based on the actual mileage of the vehicle, basically eliminating the phenomenon of toll road vehicle evasion;
3. Due to the reduction of toll stations, vehicles do not need to slow down and stop, which makes the road more smooth, thus not only greatly saving time and fuel, but also greatly improving the traffic capacity of the toll road;
4. As the number of toll stations is reduced, management personnel and facilities are also reduced, which greatly reduces the cost of construction, operation and management of toll roads.
3. Comparison with other existing technologies:
Existing vehicle positioning and tracking generally use GPS positioning and tracking methods; existing highway toll management generally uses IC cards or magnetic cards that record import address information at the entrance, and then read the card at the exit The recorded information of the place of entry can be used for billing; in addition, the RFID system has also adopted the method of automatic billing in some places.
1. GPS positioning and tracking methods and their existing problems:
In addition to the high construction and operating costs of the GPS positioning and tracking system (including mobile network usage fees), its use in cities is also greatly restricted. Because one of the important prerequisites for using GPS equipment is that there is a direct path between the receiver and the satellite, and GPS signals have signal reception blind areas in densely-built urban areas and buildings. In addition, GPS positioning is also affected by multipath effects and many other factors, including longer initial positioning signal acquisition time (usually 0.5 to 15 minutes). Field experiments have shown that in a city with high-rise buildings, a vehicle equipped with a GPS receiver can normally receive GPS positioning signals with a probability of about 70%. In some special occasions, such as in reinforced concrete buildings and underground garages, GPS signals may not even be received at all.
2. IC card and magnetic card charging methods and existing problems:
1) Since they can only distinguish the entrance and exit positions of the vehicle, but cannot record the actual route and mileage of the vehicle on the toll road, in many places, there will be toll evasion where the toll mileage is much smaller than the actual mileage, especially It is a place where many toll roads form a network. There are various ways of evading fees, especially on highways where freight is the mainstay;
2) Since many domestic roads adopt the method of whoever invests and benefits, a toll road often has multiple toll stations, which not only increases the cost of personnel management and toll station construction, but also greatly reduces the traffic speed of the toll road and affects Improve the efficiency of the toll road, and also bring a lot of inconvenience to the passing vehicles;
3) Unable to realize non-parking charges.
3. RFID automatic charging system and its existing problems:
For RFID cards, it is completely a passive communication method. This method requires a reader system that is large in size, troublesome to install, and expensive. When used for vehicle tracking, the system’s problems are:
1) Imported equipment is generally used, which is not only expensive, but also bulky and troublesome to install;
2) The 900M frequency used not only has legality problems, but also sometimes interferes with existing mobile phone signals;
3) Because the RFID communication method is passive, it is very difficult to increase the communication distance. Therefore, it is often only possible to increase the antenna transmission power and gain. This requires the installation position of the vehicle RFID card and a fixed reader/writer. The installation positions of the antennas are well matched, which makes the use of long-distance RFID systems very limited. For example, it is required that the vehicle passage is very narrow, the vehicle speed is very low, and there are certain problems in the passage of large vehicles. Therefore, it is not suitable for the general needs of toll roads, especially expressways;
4) Since the communication mode of the RFID system is passive, the reader/writer of the RFID system must receive the antenna signal reflected by the vehicle-mounted RFID card to complete an RFID card identity reading process. Therefore, when there are multiple lanes, it is not only necessary to install multiple remote RFID reading and writing systems, but it is also difficult to avoid adjacent lane interference and misreading;
5) Since RFID itself is mainly an identification number, the information it stores is very limited, and the access to information is also troublesome. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve more functional expansion.
In summary, the main shortcomings of the existing GPS positioning and tracking methods are: complex structure, large investment, high operating costs, and cannot meet the actual needs of vehicle positioning and tracking under complex urban environmental conditions; while the existing toll road management system , It can not effectively solve the management problems of vehicle evasion and non-stop billing. The company’s highway vehicle path tracking and intelligent toll management system based on innovative Z-net technology-Z-Net Intelligent Charge System, fundamentally solves these problems.
4. Technical advantages:
From the comparison with other existing technologies, we can clearly see the technical advantages of our company’s system products:
1. Low cost: The average investment per kilometer of the total hardware (excluding wireless license plates) is less than 30,000 yuan;
2. Small size: The reader is only the size of a cigarette box, and the entire system of the marking station, including the antenna and transmitter, is only the size of a walkman (see the figure below), which is very convenient for installation and maintenance;
The picture below is a 433M vehicle path tracking identification station system installed on the Shibalihe toll station of the Southwest Ring Expressway in Zhengzhou City (K38+020) on the gantry, (including 4 large antennas and a large transceiver ) And a very small identification station system installed on the poles of our company:
3. Low power consumption (receiving state <3 microamperes) and low transmit power (host <0.1 watt); 4. High working accuracy, strong anti-interference ability and stable and reliable: the innovative networking structure and direct-sequence spread spectrum communication mode are adopted to make the system have better working accuracy, anti-interference ability and working reliability; 5. The cost of operation and maintenance is very low: this system is fully automated, and its operating cost is far lower than any other existing system. It can fully utilize the management personnel of the existing charging system, without adding extra manpower for operation and maintenance; 6. High returns: Take a province as an example. This system is built on about 4000 kilometers of toll roads in the province. The construction cost is less than 100 million yuan (including wireless license plates). The annual revenue of the toll road system in this province is about 80- 9 billion yuan, if calculated at a rate of evasion of about 5%, the province’s annual loss due to vehicle evasion is estimated to be nearly 500 million yuan. After using this system, the phenomenon of existing vehicle evasion can be basically eliminated, thus Produce huge economic benefits. 5. Operation mode of this system:
1. Install semaphores at the demarcation points of the toll road sections of the entire toll road, on the branch roads of the highway bifurcation points, and other key control positions in order to avoid vehicle toll evasion, and the installation position and height of the semaphore to enable the signal It is the principle that the machine communicates with the vehicle-mounted wireless license plates passing by on all highways. The signal coverage range of the semaphore relative to the wireless license plate should generally be in the range of 50-200 meters.
2. Install the reader on the computer at the entrance and exit of the toll road, and install the corresponding management software. The computer is connected to the database of the toll road management center.
3. Prepare a certain number of wireless license plates at the entrance of the toll road, each wireless license plate has a unique number, and can also store different amounts of information according to different needs, and authorize and encrypt data access. Once the signal is written, it cannot be erased. Only when the vehicle comes to the exit and transfers the stored information to the highway management center database, the highway management center will authorize the reader/writer at the exit to clear the information stored in the wireless license plate , For new vehicles. When the battery power of the wireless license plate is lower than a certain level, it will automatically alarm to prompt the manager to replace the battery and charge the battery.
4. When the vehicle comes to the entrance of the toll road, it will receive a wireless license plate (for the record, you can also enter the license plate number into the wireless license plate by taking pictures and computer video recognition) and place it on the car appropriately Location. The wireless license plate is driven by disposable button batteries or rechargeable button batteries; through power-saving management or external wake-up, the service life of the wireless license plate battery can reach several years.
5. The information of the actual driving path of the vehicle is generated by continuously transmitting signals through the signal machine along the road, and the passing vehicle wireless license plate receives and records these signals; the wireless license plate brings the location information and time information represented by these signals to the highway exit along with the vehicle , And read into the computer by the reader at the exit, the computer will calculate the total toll payable by the car, and then store the information in the database of the highway management center. After the management center receives the data and archives it, An authorization instruction to clear the information stored in the wireless license plate will be fed back to the computer at the exit, and the management center will also use this information to allocate the total cost.
6. After the entire system is set up, after a simple test run and adjustment, the entire system can be put into use.
6. Application examples:
In June 2006, it was initiated by the Henan Provincial Networking Office. It was jointly responsible by the Highway Research Institute of the Ministry of Communications and the National Electronic Label Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center. Dozens of route recognition products across the country under the “Tracking and Recognition System Test” project have conducted basic functional tests. Our test results are quite outstanding, leaving a deep impression on the comrades at the meeting; The RFID Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center is jointly responsible for the highway vehicle path tracking and identification project of the Henan Provincial Department of Communications. The strict laboratory test and the road field practical application test have confirmed the leading position of our products in the industry. Among the many competing manufacturers, only our product has completely passed all the tests, including electromagnetic interference, moisture resistance tests, etc., regardless of size, battery power consumption, reading distance, reading and writing speed, and accuracy of reading and writing. Far surpassing other competing manufacturers, and we are the only company that conducts and passes system testing.
In April 2007, 9 of the dozens of units participating in the Beijing test were selected, and a comprehensive system function test was carried out on the ring road around Zhengzhou, Henan. As a result, among the six indicators tested, Except for the accuracy rate of the one-way roadside marking different positions in the vehicle, the accuracy rate of the test is 97.72%-100%, and the accuracy rate of the other indicators are 100%, which is the best in the country; in addition, the quality supervision and inspection of the national electronic label products in Beijing Physical index tests have been carried out in the central laboratory, and we are the only one in the country that meets all the requirements.
The following figure is the actual measurement record on the Zhengzhou expressway and the display figure of the vehicle tracking result:
Seven, application upgrade:
This system has been further developed by our company and can be used at the same time as:
1. No parking fee;
2. Location and tracking of specific vehicles;
3. Vehicle speed detection;
4. Analysis of traffic flow information in different periods and sections;
5. Comprehensive environmental information monitoring of expressways.
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