The Application of BIM and RFID Technology in the Life Cycle Management of Prefabricated Buildings
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???First, the principle of BIM and RFID technology
The two core technologies for the life cycle management of prefabricated buildings are building information model BIM and radio frequency RFID technology.
(1) Principles of BIM technology
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is to use the relevant information data of the construction project as the basis of the model, build a building model, and then use digital information to simulate the solid information contained in the building. BIM technology has the following three characteristics: One is to combine the single components of each construction project as the basic element element into a database (Database), the data in the database is always consistent and shared globally. The second is the collection of various information such as component material information, geometric figure information, etc., to form a data-based architectural graphic element containing extremely rich project information. The third is that the model information is interrelated and dynamically changing. As long as the model information changes, all its associated objects will be updated quickly, and corresponding graphics, documents, etc. can be automatically generated.
(2) The technical principle of RFID
Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is a radio wave communication technology closely related to life. It does not require optical or mechanical contact between the identification system and a specific target to identify a specific target through radio waves and display the relevant information contained in it. ; Its components include transponders, readers, middleware, and software systems. RFID technology has three main characteristics: One is non-contact information reading, which is not interfered by the cover, can communicate over long distances, and is extremely penetrating. The second is that the information contained in multiple electronic tags can be received at the same time, and the reading of the information is convenient. The third is that it has good anti-pollution ability and durability and can be reused.
2. The application of BIM and RFID technology in the life cycle management of prefabricated buildings
The innovative application of BIM and RFID technology in prefabricated components is mainly reflected in the transportation phase, on-site construction phase, and operation and maintenance phase. The specific operation process is shown in Figure 1.
(1) Application of BIM and RFID technology in the component transportation stage
After the prefabricated components are manufactured in the factory, special RFID tags containing various information related to the prefabricated components are implanted into them. The purpose is to facilitate the management of the prefabricated components during transportation, storage, hoisting, operation and maintenance. The principle of RFID tag coding is uniqueness: to ensure the uniqueness of the corresponding code identification of each component unit, to ensure that the information of each component in the process of production, transportation, hoisting, operation and maintenance is accurate, and effectively solve the confusion caused by
Innovative application process of BIM and FRID technology
(2) Application of BIM and RFID technology in the on-site construction phase
The RFID reader quickly recognizes and reads the components entering the construction site, and then uploads the information contained in the chips in the prefabricated components to the control center through the wireless network of the construction site; the control center directs the components to enter the hoisting center for storage according to the information in the BIM system , And send the corresponding information to the hoisting center; the hoisting center hoists the prefabricated components according to the received information; then the RFID reader reads and recognizes the hoisted prefabricated components and feeds the information back to the control center through the wireless network, and the control center performs Verify and update the BIM system, as shown in Figure 2.
At this stage, RFID technology is mainly used to track and monitor the storage and hoisting of prefabricated components at any time. The wireless network of the construction site is used as the medium to transmit relevant information in a timely manner. At the same time, RFID and BIM are combined to ensure information integrity, accelerate information transmission, and reduce The potential errors of the staff when entering the information can be achieved, and zero errors can be achieved. For example, when the prefabricated components enter the construction site for inspection, they are not needed and cause rework problems; secondly, the label is also scalable, and generally should be reserved for expansion. Area, reserve sufficient storage space for other attribute information that may appear; In addition, the label also has specific meaning to ensure the operability and simplicity of the code card. The type and quantity of components are all planned in advance, and the quantity is not large. , The use of codes with specific meanings can improve the legibility of codes, which is beneficial to data processing.
The information in the RFID tag is transmitted to the BIM system for judgment and processing, and the construction sequence, planning component transportation sequence, transportation number, route, etc. are reasonably arranged, which is very important for achieving the ideal goal of zero defects and zero inventory in lean construction. favorable. At the same time, the actual progress of the construction site and other relevant information can be fed back to the prefabricated component production factory immediately. The factory then adjusts the component production plan according to the feedback of the construction site progress information so that the probability of waiting for work is almost zero. The information of the adjustment plan is transmitted to the construction site to realize information sharing, which is conducive to the smooth progress of the project.
Application of BIM and RFID technology in the on-site construction phase
(3) Application of RFID and BIM technology in the operation and management stage
In the process of operation and maintenance management, all real-time information such as building usage, financial status, and capacity can be monitored by the BIM property management system at any time; all information contained in the prefabricated components can also be input and stored in the BIM property management system In this way, the operation status of all components and various equipment in the building can be grasped in real time, and damaged or unqualified prefabricated components can be discovered and dealt with in time. Relying on BIM files to realize the seamless connection between the construction phase and the operation and maintenance phase of the construction project and provide all the information required for the operation and maintenance management process. At the same time, in the process of reconstruction and expansion of prefabricated components, RFID tags and BIM databases can be used to timely and accurately install prefabricated components such as internal partition walls, kitchen and bathroom equipment, pipelines, etc. into the corresponding rooms, aiming at the safety and durability of the building structure. Analyze and detect to avoid structural damage; when the life of the building reaches the expected useful life, various information in the RFID tag and BIM database can also be used to determine whether some prefabricated components can be recycled, which can not only reduce the use of materials and energy Consumption and environmental pollution, and can respond to our country’s sustainable development strategy. ????
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