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Many industries in China have used radio frequency identification technology. Examples include the industrial and logistics sectors, including asset tracking and logistics, waste management, animal identification, retail and manufacturing, and healthcare. All tags will be stored in the device with read and write functions, so that the stored data of the tags can be updated or read in time, and ultimately improve business performance through tracking or quality control. So, what is the application of RFID technology in the access control system?
The access control system, as its name implies, is a system that controls the entrance and exit passages. It is developed on the basis of traditional door locks. The entrance and exit security management system is a new modern security management system, which integrates microcomputer automatic identification technology and modern security management measures. It involves electronics, machinery, optics, computer technology, communication technology, biological technology and many other new technologies. It is an effective measure to solve the security management of the entrances and exits of important departments.
The traditional mechanical door lock is just a simple mechanical device. No matter how reasonable the structure design is and how strong the material is, people can always open it by various means. It is very troublesome to manage the keys in the passages with many people entering and exiting (such as office buildings, hotel rooms). If the key is lost or the personnel are replaced, the lock and key must be replaced together. In order to solve these problems, electronic magnetic card locks and electronic code locks have appeared. The appearance of these two types of locks has improved people’s management of entrances and exits to a certain extent, and has brought the management of channels into the electronic age. With the continuous application of electronic locks, their own defects are gradually exposed. The problem of magnetic card locks is that the information is easy to copy, the wear between the card and the card reader is large, the failure rate is high, and the safety factor is low. The problem with the code lock is that the code is easy to leak, and it is impossible to find out, and the safety factor is very low. At the same time, most of the products in this period used the card reader part (password input) and the control part to be installed outside the door, so it was easy to be unlocked outdoors. The access control system of this period was still in the early immature stage, so the access control system at that time was usually called an electronic lock, and it was not widely used.
In recent years, with the development of proximity card technology and biometric technology, the access control system has been developed by leaps and bounds, and has entered a mature period. There have been proximity card access control systems, fingerprint access control systems, iris access control systems, and facial recognition access control systems. Various technical systems such as disorderly keyboard access control systems have their own advantages in terms of safety, convenience, and ease of management, and the application fields of access control systems are becoming wider and wider. Among them, the access control system based on RFID technology is more common.
Radio frequency identification (RFID, that is, the technology is the specific application and development of automatic identification technology in radio technology. Its basic principle is to use radio frequency for non-contact two-way communication to achieve the purpose of identification and data exchange. Therefore, it can achieve multiple goals Recognition, moving target recognition and remote real-time monitoring and management. The communication distance can be from a few centimeters to tens of meters. Its main advantage is strong environmental adaptability. It is less affected by rain, snow, hail, dust, etc., and can work around the clock. It completes automatic identification, tracking and management in contact, and can penetrate non-metallic objects for identification, and has strong anti-interference ability.
The RFID access control system has already surpassed the traditional doorway and key management functions. The safety requirements of the modern working environment, departmental administrative management, daily attendance management, company catering consumption, etc., are all closely related to the access control system. Departments such as apartments, residential quarters, factory patrols, company R&D technical departments, medical units’ non-disturbance areas, finance and finance are the best places for RFID access control system applications. The installation of RFID access control systems in some public exits and entrances such as office places and residential apartments can effectively prevent unauthorized people from entering and protect the safety of these places to the greatest extent. If an accident occurs during a certain period of time, you can inquire about all the video data and information such as the entry and exit record data of the monitoring terminal in that period after the event, so as to provide existing evidence.
In addition, an open access control system is installed at the entrance of large conferences and the passages of important event venues. When participants or other people in and out of the passage pass, the system automatically senses the RFID electronic tag invitations or identity cards held by the personnel. Credentials to confirm the identity of personnel entering and exiting. Legitimate users pass normally, and at the same time, the identity information of the passing personnel and the photos captured on-site are displayed on the screen in real time, and the guards on duty can compare and confirm. When people who do not have relevant identification certificates or those who hold illegal certificates pass, the system equipment will prompt an alarm, and the guards can prevent them from entering in time. For sports venues, concerts and other leisure and entertainment facilities, the RFID system can provide a series of access control functions for ticket management. This can reduce the loss caused by the forgery of the ticket. Tickets can be made by barcode printers with simple cards with RFID technology, and at the same time, RFID cards can be made into membership cards, monthly cards or annual cards; moreover, the tickets do not need to be taken out, they can be read by just putting them on the body. Realize open access control management.
The RFID open access control system not only has all the functions and characteristics of the traditional ordinary access control system, but also has the characteristics of open multiple people to pass quickly and record the personal information of each entry and exit at the same time. When a person wearing a radio frequency identity card passes through the gate, the information in the identity card is automatically collected by the system without manual intervention, making the access control management work more convenient. The electronic label card has a long service life, which can be read and written repeatedly more than 100,000 times, and the service life is more than ten years.
In practical applications, in order to achieve a more secure use effect, the application of open access control systems often includes a comprehensive application of open and non-open access control systems. The open access control system mainly consists of RFID electronic tags and reading Antenna part, video access image comparison verification part, upper computer software control four parts and remote control software based on LAN/WAN.
In the vehicle entrance and exit control, the access control system applies radio frequency identification technology, which can realize that the car with an effective electronic tag does not stop, which is convenient and time-saving, and improves the traffic efficiency of the intersection; more importantly, it can carry out the vehicle entry and exit of the community or parking lot. Real-time monitoring can accurately verify the identity of the vehicle and the owner of the vehicle, maintain regional public order, and make the security management of the community or parking lot more humanized, informatized, intelligent, and efficient. This will also be part of the smart parking lot management system.
Existing problems and solutions
Today, the vast majority of access control systems (including garage access control and building access control) are still using high-frequency radio frequency cards for management. At present, the garage access control system and the building access control system have the following problems in the use process. The theoretical recognition distance range of the high-frequency radio frequency card is only 2.5cm~10cm (the distance between the radio frequency card and the reader). Affected by the environment, the actual recognition distance is shorter than the theoretical recognition distance.
For the garage access control system, the location of the parking barrier ticket box requires the driver to drive the vehicle, the location of the main cab and the parking barrier ticket box location close to the card, thereby increasing the driver’s driving Difficulty, especially the parking barrier ticket box is set at the entrance of the garage with a flat ground on one side and a slope on the other. Some drivers simply swiped their cards first, erected the parking brake levers, and then went to the garage to start the car and drove out of the garage. In addition, the parking barrier ticket box is generally installed at the entrance of the garage, which is close to the open air environment, and has poor waterproof and moisture-proof performance against thunderstorms, which increases the incidence of electrical failures in the ticket box and causes the parking barrier to fail to rise and fall normally.
For the building access control system, the distance between the radio frequency card and the card reader must be quite close to enable the access control to be opened, especially when people enter the building from outdoors in thunderstorm weather, which prolongs the waiting time for people to pass the building access control .
In view of some problems in the current access control system, we learn from the mature application experience of the highway electronic toll collection system based on RFID technology, and apply ETC technology to the current access control system (using the non-stop function module in the ETC system to cancel the ETC system Toll function module), in order to improve the level of intelligence and efficiency of the access control system, the following solutions are proposed.
Disable the high-frequency radio frequency card currently used in the garage access control system (working frequency band: 13.56MHz, identification distance range: 2.5cm~10cm), and enable microwave radio frequency card (working frequency band: 5.8GHz, identification distance range: 10m~30m). The three sets of antennas of the microwave reader-writer are installed in the shape of “products” on the top and both sides of the wall of the entrance and exit of the garage to fully collect the relevant information of the microwave radio frequency card of the vehicle.
Cancel the charging function module in the ETC system, and add video image recognition and voice alarm modules. When the vehicle passes the pre-buried ground induction coil, the vehicle automatic identification (including radio frequency identification and license plate image recognition) system in the ETC system automatically recognizes the vehicle. If the vehicle is recognized as a registered vehicle in the garage, the parking brake lever is automatically erected and released; if the vehicle is recognized as an unregistered vehicle in the garage, the central management system will promptly alarm and record a log to remind security personnel to be present on site in time .
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