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1. Overall system architecture design
The overall structure design of Dongjiang Lake ecological environment information system is based on unified industry standard specifications and environmental protection system monitoring system. It is divided into five-layer structure model design, which are as follows:
(1) Data layer. The data contained in the data layer includes metadata, user safety, pollution discharge data, environmental protection business data, lake data, river data, reservoir data, basic terrain, GIS data, and map data.
(2) Data access layer. In the data access layer, the spatial data engine, model decision engine, and data access interface methods are used to exchange data.
(3) Business logic layer. The business logic layer contains multiple components and tools, such as spatial query components, spatial calculation components, GIS basic components, data management components, data acquisition components, data processing components, analysis and forecasting components, supervision and management components, land planning, analysis and forecasting, data Permissions, system management components, administrative licensing, decision support, data maintenance, system interface components, etc.
(4) The business performance layer. The business performance layer includes the Dongjiang Lake Basin Ecological Environment Management System, the Dongjiang Lake Basin Land Planning and Utilization System, and the Dongjiang Lake Basin Pollutant Emission Control Management System.
(5) Clients. Clients include browsers, C/S clients, LED large screens, and handheld smart terminals, through which you can view, browse, submit, process, and analyze system data. The users who use the system include provincial and municipal leaders, urban supervision departments, sewage companies, and land institutions.
2. System function composition
The system consists of the following subsystems:
(1) Ecological Environment Management System of Dongjiang Lake Basin
(2) Land planning and utilization system in the Dongjiang Lake Basin
(3) Pollutant Emission Control and Management System in the Dongjiang Lake Basin
3. Dongjiang Lake Basin Ecological Environment Management System
In order to effectively use advanced technical means and methods, improve the utilization of local water resources and flood control benefits of Dongjiang Lake, better promote the coordinated economic development of the Dongjiang Lake basin, improve the utilization rate of water resources, and achieve the purpose of scientific management of local water resources, research and development A set of practical river basin ecological environment management system has been developed.
The system includes seven subsystems: water system geographic information system, river information management system, reservoir information management system, hydrological water resource analysis model, three-dimensional representation system of water conservancy information, policy and regulation query system and user management. The seven subsystems are launched through a login interface and then run different subsystems depending on the job content.
3.1 Water quality data collection and transmission
The automatic water quality monitoring equipment is located on the edge of the lake and reservoir, and the data center is generally tens of kilometers away from the monitoring equipment, so it is necessary to wirelessly transmit the collected water quality monitoring data to the data center through wireless transmission equipment. The wireless transmission equipment needs to be able to work around the clock, automatically connect when disconnected, the data center server can monitor the working status of the equipment at the sending end, and can realize abnormal connection alarms to ensure smooth wireless transmission channels. According to the site conditions and transmission distance, it is planned to adopt the wireless transmission mode in the form of GPRS and microwave station.
3.2 Review and arrangement of water quality data
The automatic monitoring equipment transmits the detected water quality monitoring data to the data center through the GPRS device. In order to ensure the authenticity and reliability of the monitoring data and avoid the impact of the data with errors and erroneous data on the water quality monitoring, the original monitoring data that has been transmitted to the system database needs to be Conduct secondary integrity, validity, and rationality verification. The system automatically verifies the validity and rationality of the monitoring data against the reasonable range value of an indicator, and highlights the values that exceed the reasonable range, prompting managers to review the validity of these problem data, and at the same time, the scheduled monitoring plan Carry out automatic inspection of the implementation. Once there is no effective monitoring data received and the GPRS transmission equipment is working normally, it means that the monitoring instrument is working abnormally, and an alarm message can be issued immediately to remind personnel to carry out equipment maintenance work.
3.3 Statistics and analysis of water quality data
3.3.1 Overview of the query function of raw water quality monitoring data: query the raw water quality monitoring data of lakes, reservoirs and rivers entering the lake, and provide rich query conditions. The query conditions include start time, end time, monitoring parameters and other information.
3.3.2 Statistical analysis of lake and reservoir water quality monitoring data mainly includes lake and reservoir water quality category evaluation (quantitative), lake and reservoir water quality qualitative evaluation (water quality status, changing trend), lake and reservoir water quality exceeding factors, exceeding multiples, and the ability to generate various monitoring indicators. Concentration trends, etc. Statistical data can be generated according to time periods such as wet season, dry season, flat water season, etc. Calculation of river pollution index, pollution sharing rate, change graph of main pollutant concentration along the process, and historical change of main pollutant concentration.
3.4 Prediction of water quality
using a geographic information system (GIS) to display environmental quality data has become a development trend in the environmental protection industry. The system uses the map of the lake reservoir and the area where the river flows into the lake as the basis for GIS display, combined with the rich display forms of monitoring data, and uses column charts, pie charts and line charts to comprehensively analyze and display the data.
1) Basic map information management
Sort out the provided electronic map data and basic geospatial information of the lakes, reservoirs and inflowing rivers, and perform format conversion and data processing as needed. It mainly includes basic layer management, graphic symbol management, environmental attribute information management, graphics and attribute data maintenance.
2) Basic map operations
Provides basic map operation functions such as map zoom in, zoom out, roaming, panning, hierarchical browsing, map query, and map positioning.
3) Thematic map management
Thematic map classification management, thematic map production, thematic map browsing, thematic map maintenance and thematic map storage management. Thematic maps of lakes, reservoirs and rivers entering the lake mainly include the distribution map of environmental monitoring points, the regional distribution map of pollutants, the contour map of pollutant distribution, the layered color map of pollutant distribution, the water quality category map of the cross-section of the river entering the lake, and the monitoring section. Various thematic maps such as histograms of pollutant concentrations.
3.5 Water quality monitoring and management
Inspection and law enforcement personnel use 3G wireless network technology to access the mobile law enforcement system through PDAs and smart phones, linking the command center and on-site law enforcement personnel. instruct. In this way, the overall structure of a comprehensive mobile law enforcement management system integrating wired network, wireless network and central on-site law enforcement management is constructed.
3.6 Geographic information of water system
Through the use of GIS technology, the functions of management, display, query, positioning, analysis and mapping output of water conservancy project information such as river channels, reservoirs, and water plants are realized.
3.7 River information management
Mainly for the management, query, access, update and statistical output of river census information.
The main functions of this system are as follows:
1. Census information query: There are three query methods: water system query, river name query, and administrative division query.
2. With the changed information as input, modify or delete the target data in the river basic information database.
3. Set a delete mark on the deleted information to hide and display it; after the user explicitly deletes it, the record with the delete mark can be cleared.
4. The database has strict permission to modify.
5. It is allowed to use the river name, sluice name, project name, reservoir name, embankment project name, etc. as input information to query and count target data in the basic information database.
6. Output the information inquired by the user according to the form specified by the user.
3.8 Reservoir Information Management
Mainly for the management, query, access, update and statistical output of reservoir census information.
The main functions of this module are as follows:
1. Census information query: It is divided into reservoir name query, water system query, reservoir type query, and administrative division query.
2. With the changed information as input, modify or delete the target data in the reservoir basic information database.
3. Set a delete mark on the deleted information to hide and display it; after the user explicitly deletes it, the record with the delete mark can be cleared.
4. Output the information inquired by the user according to the form specified by the user.
5. Reservoir analysis: including reservoir introduction (reservoir investigation report), reservoir engineering characteristics, reservoir basic characteristics table, reservoir water level and water supply situation table.
6. Reservoir characteristic relationship curve: query and analyze according to the name of the reservoir, and display the relationship curve of water level-storage capacity, water level-area, and water level-discharge.
3.9 Hydrology and water resources analysis model
The subsystem analyzes and outputs the historical data of hydrology and water resources through the conventional hydraulic model.
It mainly includes eight functional modules: runoff estimation module, flood volume estimation module, water level-storage capacity-area conversion module, design flood estimation module, flood adjustment calculation module, adjustment storage capacity estimation module, adjustment flow calculation module, and water supply flow calculation module.
3.10 3D Management of Water Conservancy Information
The water conservancy-related laws and regulations at all levels will be built into a database for management, which is convenient for retrieval and query. The DEM data provided by the user is superimposed on the images of the same area for 3D display, spatial analysis, engineering calculation, and flight browsing.
1. Use the national, provincial, municipal and other provincial and municipal laws, regulations, regulations and measures on flood control and water conservancy as input information to establish a database of water conservancy and flood control policies and regulations.
2. Using the changed information as input, modify or delete the target data in the policy and regulation database.
3. The database has strict permission to modify.
4. It is allowed to input keywords such as flood control, regulations, provinces, cities, measures, notices, etc., to query the target article information.
The ecological environment management system of the Dongjiang Lake Basin is mainly developed from a practical point of view. Through this system, we can not only know the information of existing river channels and reservoirs in the Dongjiang Lake basin in time, but also browse and query the objects of interest through the three-dimensional representation and the water system geographic information subsystem with pictures and texts; professional technicians can also analyze the Dongjiang Lake through this system The historical and hydrological data of the river basin can be used to extract useful information; the laws and regulations related to water conservancy can be quickly retrieved from the country to the East River and Lake Basin at all levels through the regulation subsystem. The interface of the whole system is friendly and concise, and it is flexible to use. Its successful development greatly shortens the time for staff to retrieve data and improves work efficiency.
4. Land Planning and Utilization System in Dongjiang Lake Basin
The land planning and utilization system is a basic platform for land and resources e-government affairs that integrates land management, pollution source management, mineral resource management, address disaster prevention and surveying and mapping supervision and security. “Interconnected data centers at all levels to achieve centralized data management and distributed business.
Based on SOA architecture, the platform adopts ASP.NET technology and B/S mode to build, realizes form customization, process customization, business customization and integrated management of graphics and text, and provides services for changing business needs of land and resources management. Convenient workaround.
4.1 E-government basic platform
The basic platform of water e-government can be divided into several parts such as workflow modeling, resource management, system customization, system development management and so on according to the functions. Specifically include: organization management, personnel management, role management, security authority management, graphic atlas management, data entity management, function package management, function module management, general query management, document template management, electronic seal management, custom reports, Common words management, material dictionary management, system parameter management, application environment settings, application system management, module partition authorization management, custom forms, workflow customization, process monitoring settings, secondary development interface management, external system interface management and other functions.
4.2 Land planning and cultivated land protection
Through the implementation of the “Dongjiang Lake Land Planning Project”, the overall planning of land use is strictly implemented, and land use control is implemented. In terms of farmland protection and supervision, it is necessary to complete the construction of various business application systems and the integration and processing of related data. (County-level city) as the core of the cultivated land protection information supervision system, realize real-time dynamic supervision of cultivated land information, timely grasp the dynamic changes of cultivated land such as cultivated land occupation and compensation, structural adjustment and illegal land use, and provide technical support and decision support for cultivated land protection; Establish an operation system for land use information acquisition and monitoring based on remote sensing, GPS and GIS technologies, so as to timely and accurately grasp cultivated land information and its dynamic changes, and provide a basis for decision-making. At the same time, a networked basic farmland management information network covering the city’s main grain-producing areas will be established to realize the supervision and real-time control of cultivated land resources by the state, province and city.
V. Pollutant Emission Control and Management System in the Dongjiang Lake Basin
Total emission control of pollutants is a necessary means of sustainable development. The application of computer technology and system analysis method is the key to realize this scientific management mode.
Environmental pollution source data includes not only the quantity of various pollutants emitted, but also the geographic location data of the emission. For the same pollutant discharge, due to its different geographical locations, the degree and scope of pollution will be different under the influence of meteorological conditions. This is the geospatial characteristics of environmental pollution sources.
The geospatial characteristics of environmental pollution sources determine that the total amount of environmental pollutant discharge must be controlled by using a comprehensive geographic thinking tool – geographic information system (GIS), which combines quantitative and spatial analysis. The total emission control of environmental pollutants requires not only quantitative analysis of pollution sources, such as calculating the size of emissions, but also spatial analysis, such as calculating the relationship between emissions and environmental concentrations. GIS is the perfect embodiment of this combination. GIS uses data to represent spatial distribution, integrates numbers and graphics, and supports simultaneous digital thinking and spatial thinking. This traditional map analysis and quantitative analysis methods only for statistical data are qualitatively different. Improve. The Dongjiang Lake Watershed Pollutant Emission Control Management System is a professional geographic information system combining quantitative analysis, spatial analysis and systematic analysis. This system is a necessary means for the total amount control method explored by our research group to be put into practice. It is the key to realize the scientific management and decision-making of the environment in the Dongjiang Lake Basin, and has great practical significance.
5.1 Main features of the system
1. Advanced
The system adopts geographic information system technology to organize, analyze and manage information in an intuitive way, so as to organically link the attribute data in the total control with the region, and make the relationship trend between them clear at a glance.
2. Scientific
The numerical simulation of the environmental quality of this system is based on the theory of urban multi-source environmental diffusion model based on the “Gaussian model”, adopts the ISC model of the US National Environmental Protection Agency to simulate the environmental quality of the community environment, and uses the linear programming optimization method to solve the pollutants. The maximum allowable emissions, the total emissions, therefore have a solid theoretical basis.
3. Practicality, operability and demonstration
This book realizes a set of practical methods and approaches for total control of community environmental pollutants, and finds out the relationship between the discharge of environmental pollution sources in the community and the environmental quality, as well as feasible management measures. Therefore, the whole research process must be integrated with the actual situation in the community and work closely with the management staff. In this way, the research results will be practical.
5.2 System function design
Total pollutant control is a means to effectively control pollutant discharge and improve and improve environmental quality. According to the requirements of total amount control, decision makers must be very clear about the total amount of the environment and the basic situation of each pollution source in order to make correct decisions and take effective measures. The computer provides a powerful tool for the implementation of total control. People can make full use of the computer’s fast computing speed and large storage capacity to master the trend of pollutants, pollution sources and environmental quality through the input, query, statistics and analysis of a large amount of data. relation. The Dongjiang Lake Environmental Pollutant Emission Control Management System is based on this purpose, in order to manage the surveyed and declared data in a unified manner, so as to dynamically track and calculate, and display the pollution source status and environmental pollution situation in the region.
According to the total amount control and the daily management requirements of the Environmental Protection Bureau, the system should be based on the purpose of being practical and serving the daily management of the Environmental Protection Bureau, with environmental geographic information functions, environmental management functions, summary statistical analysis functions, and environmental total control functions.
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