Zhejiang Province Drinking Water Source Water Quality Automatic Monitoring System
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Drinking water safety is the key task of national environmental protection. This paper introduces the use of advanced computer, network communication, remote sensing control, automatic monitoring and other technologies to form the Internet of Things automatic water quality monitoring Internet of Things system to realize the collection, storage and transmission of drinking water source information. , digitization, automation and resource sharing of processing, analysis. The system covers wireless and wired network transmission access and network integration, video surveillance system software and hardware development and implementation, dynamic environmental monitoring system software and hardware development and implementation, mobile phone card access control system construction, water quality monitoring equipment procurement and system integration, environmental protection online monitoring software platform construction, etc., combined with geographic information systems (GIS), which has the characteristics of advanced nature, security, uniqueness, complexity and so on.
1 Project Introduction
Guaranteeing the safety of drinking water is the key task of national environmental protection work, which is related to the health and life safety of the general public. In accordance with the general requirements of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on the strategic ideology of building an ecological civilization, the scientific concept of development should be used as the guiding ideology, and the focus should be on solving outstanding environmental problems that endanger people’s health and affect sustainable development.
In order to comprehensively improve the technical level of drinking water source monitoring and better provide technical services for drinking water source management and decision-making, Zhejiang Province proposed automatic monitoring of the province’s main drinking water sources in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Environmental Protection in Zhejiang Province”. and management system construction plan and goals, using advanced computer technology and network technology to achieve drinking water source management, drinking water quality monitoring and related drinking water source information collection, storage, transmission, processing, analysis digitization and drinking water source Information resource sharing can provide reliable scientific basis for drinking water source management and macroeconomic decision-making in a timely manner.
Zhejiang, a land of fish and rice, has an average precipitation of only 1,604 mm over the years, a total of 95.541 billion cubic meters of water resources, and a per capita water resource of only 1,754 cubic meters, which is lower than the national average of 2,200 cubic meters and only 1/4 of the world’s per capita. For a long time, the situation of high investment, high water consumption, high pollution and low benefit caused by the extensive economic growth mode mainly based on quantity expansion has not been fundamentally reversed, and the trend of water environment deterioration has not been effectively controlled. According to the monitoring of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Water Resources, the safety of drinking water sources in Zhejiang is still insufficient, and some reservoir-type drinking water sources are eutrophic. Insufficient water reserve capacity.
In order to comprehensively improve the technical level of drinking water source monitoring in the province and provide better technical services for drinking water source management and decision-making, the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Environmental Protection started to build an automatic monitoring system for drinking water sources in 2010. Equipped with a corresponding information management system, the total investment of the project is 168 million yuan. A total of 81 water quality monitoring fixed stations, 17 buoy stations, and a total of 66 grades of drinking water at the provincial, city and county levels have been built in 11 cities and towns in the province. The computer platform system for automatic monitoring of water quality in the source area completed the overall acceptance of the project on July 24, 2012 and entered the operation and maintenance stage. When the system is put into operation, it will provide more scientific, detailed and effective scientific basic data for environmental decision-making, management and scientific research departments.
2 technical solutions
The automatic monitoring system of drinking water source water quality uses technologies such as automatic environmental monitoring, computer, automatic control, and network communication, and combines automatic data detection, collection and analysis, video monitoring, dynamic environmental monitoring and geographic information system (GIS) to form a unified system. The monitoring and management platform has the characteristics of advanced, unique and complex, and is reflected in: 1. The system integrates more than 50 kinds of monitoring instruments, including water quality testing, instrument monitoring, power environment monitoring, and video monitoring. The largest and most complete IoT system in water quality monitoring projects. 2. The system is the first dedicated platform for drinking water sources in China. It has conventional monitoring parameters (conventional five parameters, TOC, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen, etc.) and also includes biological toxicity monitoring, algae classification monitoring, heavy metals, VOC organic matter, etc. Unconventional monitoring parameters. 3. The distributed central management and control platform is deployed at the provincial level, 11 cities and 54 counties in Zhejiang Province, with a total of 66 sets of platforms and 66 sets of databases, with a large number and a large geographical span, each works independently, and the network interconnection spans mobile, telecom , Unicom, three major operators, and involves the internal LAN of various departments and monitoring stations in the environmental protection network. The integrated hardware manufacturers include ZTE, HP, Sangfor, Tianrongxin, Haikang, Hash, Shimadzu, YSI, etc. dozens of Domestic and foreign equipment and instrument manufacturers.
The automatic monitoring system of drinking water source water quality involves three networks: environmental protection private network, mobile wireless network, and Internet network. The main body of the system is based on the environmental protection private network, and the logical network structure can be divided into three levels. The first level is the water quality analysis and monitoring stations built in water sources such as reservoirs and water plants. The second level is the county-level and municipal-level central management and control platforms. The third level is the provincial central management and control platform. The buoy-type water quality monitoring system and tablet mobile terminal are connected to the provincial central management and control platform through the mobile wireless network and the dedicated APN data line. Users outside the environmental protection private network access the provincial central management and control platform through VPN on the Internet, and connect to the system.
The water quality analysis and monitoring station system consists of water intake unit, water distribution and water sample pretreatment unit, automatic water quality monitoring instrument, auxiliary system, control communication and software system. The water intake unit includes water collection devices and transmission pipelines; the water distribution and water sample pretreatment units include sand settling devices and filters, etc.; water quality automatic monitoring instruments include conventional five-parameter instruments, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen, heavy metals, algae classification, VOC organic matter analysis instrument, etc.; auxiliary systems include cleaning unit, waste water treatment unit, compressed air unit, algae removal unit, lightning protection unit, electromagnetic interference discharge unit, anti-theft unit, video monitoring unit, dynamic environment monitoring unit, access control security control unit, The power protection and recovery unit and other parts are used to ensure the normal operation of the water quality monitoring system; the control communication and software system is composed of a control unit, a data acquisition unit, a data transmission unit, and a water quality monitoring center management system.
The raw data of the water quality analysis and monitoring stations are directly sent to databases at all levels, and the audited data are uploaded layer by layer. City and county-level central management and control platforms deploy platform servers, video surveillance power environment monitoring servers, switches, etc. Provincial central management and control platform deployment platform server, ArcGIS server, video server, dynamic environment monitoring server, buoy-type water quality monitoring system server, NAS storage, firewall, VPN gateway, security authentication server, aggregation switch, etc. The system is hosted by the mobile company IDC engine room. The overall topology diagram of the automatic water quality monitoring system for drinking water sources in Zhejiang Province is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Overall topology of the automatic water quality monitoring system for drinking water sources
3 Platform Architecture
The main functions of the central management and control platform of Zhejiang drinking water source water quality automatic monitoring system are as follows:
(1) Map visualization management function
The central management and control platform uses WebGIS technology to realize the online geographic information system based on IE, and displays the geographical distribution and online status of drinking water source monitoring stations by category. Provide real-time data of each water quality monitoring station, 360-degree panoramic pictures of the station, etc., and display the results in the form of flowcharts and virtual dashboards.
(2) Real-time data monitoring function
Monitor the water quality data of the water source through various professional water quality analysis instruments, reflect the changes and trends of indicators such as biological toxicity of the drinking water source in real time, continuously reflect the change trend of the five parameters, algae and chlorophyll a, and periodically reflect the ammonia nitrogen, total Changes in water quality of indicators such as phosphorus, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, heavy metals, cyanide, fluoride, and volatile organic compounds.
(3) Various alarm means by category
Fault alarm, system fault alarm and instrument equipment fault alarm. Over-standard alarm, the real-time detection value of conventional monitoring parameters exceeds the predetermined upper and lower thresholds. Acute poison alarm, abnormal situation of acute poison indicators such as biological toxicity meter, cyanide, fluoride, etc. All kinds of alarm information can be set to send alarm information through platform reminders, emails, mobile phone text messages and other methods to realize drinking water safety warning.
(4) Remote control management function
The central management and control platform can remotely control the field equipment in real time. The system can automatically or manually remotely close and open the equipment, adjust the sampling and monitoring frequency of the equipment, and realize counter-control operations such as resampling and analysis. At the same time, the central management and control platform can remotely control the on-site camera, comprehensively check the on-site situation of the water source, and can also realize remote control of the power environment equipment.
(5) Video monitoring, power environment monitoring function
Real-time video monitoring is achieved through high-definition cameras installed at the water source site, and through data overlay technology, the on-site real-time video and water quality monitoring real-time data are integrated to provide an intuitive video monitoring method.
Through the power environment monitoring equipment installed inside the water quality monitoring station, such as power overload, light control, smoke sensor, water immersion, infrared human body induction, etc., the water quality monitoring equipment can be guaranteed to operate normally and the equipment can work continuously and effectively.
(6) Data analysis and report management functions
The raw data is sent one by one, and the audit data is reported step by step, and supports the query of historical data, real-time data, and raw data. Water quality monitoring data supports compound query based on compound conditions (site nature, time period, integrator, region, river, whether it exceeds the standard, etc.), various data can be graphically identified, compared and analyzed, and the results can be exported to Excel, Word , Access, PDF and other formats.
The platform architecture diagram of the automatic water quality monitoring system for drinking water sources in Zhejiang Province adopts the advanced cloud computing hierarchical business design concept, as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Architecture of Zhejiang Province’s drinking water source water quality automatic monitoring system platform
4 Project Features
The construction of the automatic water quality monitoring system for drinking water sources in Zhejiang Province has adopted a multi-party cooperation model. The Provincial Environmental Protection Department has issued guiding opinions such as construction scope and technical specifications, coordinated the winning bidders for each bid, and made overall arrangements for the project construction progress. Resources such as the progress of the station building infrastructure; responsible for the acceptance of the project and the follow-up maintenance work assessment. Communication operators and environmental protection system integrators are responsible for the construction of online monitoring platforms for drinking water sources in the province and the construction and maintenance of water quality monitoring stations.
This project is a typical environmental protection IoT system, covering wireless and wired network transmission access and network integration, video surveillance system software and hardware development and implementation, dynamic environment monitoring system software and hardware development and implementation, mobile phone card access control system construction, environmental protectionInternet of ThingsEquipment procurement and system integration, environmental protection online monitoring software platform construction, etc., the project investment is large, the technology is complex, and many departments are involved. The project makes full use of technologies such as automatic environmental monitoring, computer, automatic control, and network communication, and combines data collection and analysis, video monitoring and geographic information system (GIS) to form a unified monitoring and management platform, with advanced, unique, Features such as complexity and full automation. The system realizes real-time monitoring of various parameters of water quality, and accesses the environmental protection special network by dedicated line or secure wireless transmission; accesses the online monitoring platform of drinking water sources through the wireless network, and can check the water quality of all drinking water sources in the province in real time. Deal with emergencies, effectively prevent large-scale drinking water safety accidents, and provide a strong basis for government decision-making. The buoy-type water quality monitoring system and the tablet computer mobile terminal are connected to the central management and control platform through the mobile wireless network through the dedicated APN data line. Users outside the environmental protection network can share system data through the Internet network. City and county-level central management and control platforms are deployed with management platform servers, video, dynamic loop servers, network equipment, etc. The original data is directly sent to the database server at the same level, and the audited data is uploaded layer by layer and stored in the database at the corresponding level. The provincial central management and control platform is deployed with WEB server, database, communication server, exchange server, publishing server, NAS storage, firewall, wireless access security authentication server, aggregation switch, dynamic ring/video monitoring center, etc. In order to ensure the stability of the system, the whole is hosted in the IDC room of the communication operator.
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