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A complete business process includes the production of products by the manufacturer, and the entire logistics process of transportation, storage, processing, and distribution to users and consumers. Among them, it is divided into the following aspects: the manufacturer packs a single product produced and concentrates multiple products in a large packaging box; then, after transportation, wholesale and other links, in this link usually requires a larger Packaging; Finally, the product circulates to consumers through the retail link, and the product is usually reduced to a single product in this link. People call the management of the above process as supply chain logistics management.
The logistics process of commodities from the manufacturer to the end user in the trade process is objective. For a long time, people have never considered it actively, systematically and as a whole, so they have failed to give full play to the overall advantages of the system. The supply chain logistics system from production, distribution, sales to users is not an isolated behavior. It is a chain of links, mutually restricts and complements each other. Therefore, it must be coordinated to maximize its benefits. Bar code technology is an automatic identification technology produced and developed in the application of computers. It is designed to realize automatic scanning of information. It is an effective means to collect data quickly, accurately and reliably. The application of bar code technology solves the “bottleneck” problem of data entry and data collection, and provides powerful technical support for supply chain management. First of all, from the perspective of enterprise production.
In order to meet the diversified requirements of market demand, the production and manufacturing have shifted from the past high-volume and monotonous variety to the small-batch and multi-variety model, which puts greater pressure on the traditional manual methods. The manual method is inefficient. Due to the time lag of the statistical data of each link, the statistical data is chaotic in the sequence, and the overall data analysis cannot be performed to provide a true and reliable basis for management decision-making. A management information system that uses bar code technology to collect and track enterprise logistics information. Through the logistics tracking of the manufacturing industry, it can meet the information management needs of enterprises for material preparation, manufacturing, warehousing and transportation, market sales, after-sales service, and quality control.
1. Material management
The inconsistency of modern production materials has greatly affected the production efficiency of products. Disordered material warehouses, complex production preparations and the implementation of procurement plans are difficult problems encountered by almost every enterprise. Solution ideas of barcode technology:
(1), by encoding the material and printing the barcode label. It is not only convenient for material tracking management, but also helps to achieve reasonable material inventory preparation, improve production efficiency, and facilitate the rational use of corporate funds. Establish a unified material code for the purchased production materials in accordance with industry and corporate rules to prevent loss and confusion caused by disordered materials.
(2). Print the bar code label of the material that needs to be marked, so as to track the unit of the material in the production management, so as to establish a complete product file.
(3) Use bar code technology to carry out basic purchase, sale, and inventory management of the warehouse. Effectively reduce inventory costs.
(4) Through product coding, establish material quality inspection files, generate quality inspection reports, and link with purchase orders to establish evaluations of suppliers.
2. Production management
Barcode production management is the basis of product barcode application, which establishes product identification codes. Use product identification codes in production to monitor production, collect production test data, collect production quality inspection data, conduct product completion inspections, and establish product identification codes and product files. Arrange production plans in an orderly manner, monitor production and flow, and increase the pass rate of products offline.
(1) Formulate the product identification code format. Determine the coding rules of product identification codes in accordance with corporate rules and industry rules to ensure that products are standardized and uniquely identified.
(2) Establish product archives: track product production on the production line through product identification barcodes, and collect data such as parts and inspections of the produced products as product information, and establish product archives after the production batch plan is reviewed.
(3) Control production information through information collection points on the production line.
(4) Collect quality inspection data on the production line through the product identification code and barcode, and determine whether the product is qualified based on the product quality standard, so as to control the flow of the product on the production line and whether to establish a product file. Print the certificate.
3. Warehouse management
(1) Goods inventory management The warehouse management system divides the types of goods according to the name, model, specification, place of origin, brand name, packaging, etc. of the goods, and assigns a unique code, that is, the “cargo number”. Manage cargo inventory by cargo number and manage a collection of cargo numbers, and apply them to various operations in the warehouse.
(2). Warehouse location management is the management of inventory space. The warehouse is divided into several warehouses; each warehouse is divided into several warehouses. The warehouse is an independent and enclosed storage space in the warehouse. The space in the warehouse is subdivided into storage locations, and the subdivision can more clearly define the inventory space. The warehouse management system records the inventory of the warehouse goods according to the warehouse location. When the product is in the warehouse, the warehouse location bar code number is one-to-one correspondence with the product bar code number. When the product is out of the warehouse, it can realize first-in, first-out or batch according to the inventory time of the warehouse location. Management information.
(3) Barcode warehouse management includes single-piece goods management. It not only manages the inventory of the types of goods, but also manages each specific item of the inventory. The product identification bar code is used to record the status of a single product, so as to realize the tracking management of the single product.
(4) Warehouse business management includes: outbound, inbound, inventory, monthly inventory, and relocation. Different businesses are carried out in their own ways to complete the warehouse’s inventory management.
(5) Complete the warehouse in and out operations more accurately. Barcode warehouse management collects information about a single piece of goods, processes and collects data, and establishes warehouse storage, outgoing, transfer, and inventory data. In this way, after the warehouse operation is completed, it can provide location information for the warehouse goods out of the warehouse according to the single-piece inventory of the goods, so that the warehouse goods inventory is more accurate.
(6) General warehouse management can only complete warehouse transportation error handling (input information based on human-computer interaction), which is accurate. The barcode warehouse management establishes warehouse transportation information based on the collected information, and directly handles the actual transportation errors. At the same time, it can detect the single-piece error of the goods in and out of the warehouse based on the collected single-piece information (the double number in the warehouse, no goods out of the warehouse), and provide the error deal with.
4. Market sales chain management
In order to occupy the market and expand sales, companies have formulated different wholesale prices for products in different regions according to the different consumption levels of different regions, and stipulated that they can only be sold here. However, after some illegal wholesalers obtain products under the name of lower regional prices, they dump the products at low prices in places with high regional prices, disrupting the market and greatly harming the overall interests of the enterprise. Due to the lack of truthful, comprehensive, reliable, and fast factual data, although companies know that this phenomenon exists, they are unable to do anything against wholesalers who violate the regulations. In order to ensure the effective implementation of the policy, it is necessary to be able to track the product variety or product unit information sold to wholesalers. By collecting the single product barcode information of the product in the process of sales and distribution, the product sales process is recorded according to the product single identification barcode, and the product sales chain tracking is completed.
5. Product after-sales tracking service
(1) Establish product sales files based on product identification codes. Record product information and important parts information.
(2) Carry out after-sales maintenance product inspection through the barcode on the product to check whether the product meets the maintenance conditions and scope of maintenance. At the same time analyze the situation of its parts.
(3) Feedback on product after-sales maintenance records through product identification numbers, supervise product maintenance point information, and record statistical maintenance reasons. Establish product after-sales maintenance files.
(4) Implement basic purchase, sale and inventory management of product maintenance parts. There is a one-to-one correspondence with the repaired product. Establish maintenance parts files.
Through the collection and tracking of product after-sales service information, it provides a basis for enterprise product after-sales warranty service, and at the same time, it can effectively control the difficulties caused by after-sales service-important parts of the sold product are replaced and cause warranty loss; sellers false repair reports Wait.
Through the collection of product material information and product information in each of the above links, it provides a strong basis for enterprises to conduct product quality management control and analysis.
(1) According to the material information collected in the process of material preparation, manufacturing, and maintenance services, the pass rate of material quality is counted, and the material quality analysis report is assisted.
(2), through the production line quality control product bar code information collection point, collect product production quality information, assist in printing the certificate, and improve the effective control of product production quality.
(3) Analyze the data collected at the production line quality control collection point, and provide production quality analysis data.
Products pass through various wholesale and distribution channels from the manufacturer, and reach the end user through the retail link. The daily business activities of retailer commercial enterprises mainly include three aspects: purchase, sale and storage. Business managers and operators urgently need to use modern management tools and methods to strengthen internal management, accelerate logistics turnover, increase capital utilization, accurately grasp supply and marketing business conditions, organize best-selling products in time, reduce inventory and circulation costs, and enable enterprises Be invincible in the competition. This realistic business management situation and management requirements have become an important prerequisite for computerized management.
The computerized management of commercial enterprises meets the requirements of three levels: operating level, management level, and decision-making level. In actual operations, commercial enterprises implement large-category management and single-product purchase, sales and inventory management, and use existing barcodes on commodities with self-printing barcodes as the basis for automatic identification and input, which reduces operation time, improves entry accuracy, and saves a lot of money. The manpower and material resources have improved the degree of automation.
In 1970, the AdHoc Committee of American Supermarkets developed a universal product code-UPC code, which was first tried in the grocery retail industry. In 1977, the European Community developed the European Article Number-EAN (European Artical Numbering) code on the basis of the UPC-12 code. By 1981, the EAN organization developed into an international organization. At present, most products use UPC code or EAN code, which contains information such as country, manufacturer, and product. Generally speaking, the barcodes of imported goods are more compliant with the specifications (UPC or EAN) and can be used directly. However, due to various reasons, non-standard barcodes and duplicate codes of barcodes on domestic products often occur. The phenomenon that barcode readers cannot be read due to printing reasons or improper barcode color matching often occurs. Large logistics distribution centers and chain supermarkets use “in-store codes” for commodity management due to management requirements and other reasons.
Currently, there are barcode scanners (CCD or laser gun, 180 or 360 degree laser platform), barcode printers, and palmtop computers integrated with barcode scanners in barcode equipment. They are called “counting machines” in China. Its application characteristics and application links. The functional design of some products has greatly surpassed the functions of traditional bar code equipment. For example, the laser scanning speed is getting faster and faster. The laser gun is designed to be inductive reading and board-machine reading methods to improve work efficiency for operators. Provides technical means. The function industry of the barcode terminal-counting machine has undergone various enhancements. The high-speed processor and large memory make the counting machine not only complete the counting function. Various tasks that could only be done on the POS machine in the past can be realized more conveniently through the offline operation of the barcode terminal, which greatly improves the convenience and efficiency of operation. At the same time, the adoption of wireless RF technology also makes the collection of product information easier and faster.
In the well-known commercial retail industry in foreign countries, wireless barcode terminals are almost all used to complete the warehouse management and picking management of commodities. The author completed the wireless barcode terminal inventory, the design and installation of the inventory management system of the book batch delivery center, and the warehouse management system for Xidan Book Building, the largest book city in Beijing. It solves the difficult problems of hundreds of thousands of book inventory and long operation time for users, and saves the losses caused by the suspension of business inventory. Brings huge economic benefits. At the same time, some well-known foreign manufacturers have also introduced handheld, platform-based, multi-purpose bar code scanning equipment, which provides more choices for the wide application of bar codes. At present, the domestic circulation areas, such as department stores, supermarkets, cigarettes, audio-visual products and other product specialty stores, have widely used bar code equipment to complete such items as: sales item management, incoming inventory inspection, warehouse picking and goods according to documents Various operations such as distribution and distribution, inventory counting, mobile sales, price checking, and out-of-office orders. Provides powerful management data for the retail link of goods. For example, large-scale commercial warehouses mostly adopt position management, and use barcode information technology to encode warehouse positions. Suppliers and orders are used as the basis for commodity storage, and at the same time, the batch number and shelf life management of items with shelf life requirements improve the rationality of item turnover, reduce losses, minimize the time for items to enter and exit the warehouse, reduce consumption, and guarantee The inventory book is the same as the actual quantity, and provides the latest information about the goods in and out of the warehouse for other modules of the system.
Corresponding to the barcode, product name, and code information of the specified location for each product, scan the product barcode to display the product name and the location where the product should be, compare and sort it with the actual location of the product, complete price check, tally, etc. Kind of operation. From the above introduction, we can see that bar code technology provides us with a method to identify and describe items in logistics. With the help of modern technical means such as automatic identification technology, POS system, EDI, etc., companies can always understand the status of relevant products. Position in the supply chain and react immediately. Today’s supply chain management strategies such as ECR, QR, and Automatic Continuous Replenishment (ACEP), which are emerging in developed countries such as Europe and the United States, are inseparable from the application of barcode technology.
Bar code is the technical basis for realizing POS system, EDI, e-commerce, and supply chain management, and it is an important technical means to modernize logistics management and improve enterprise management level and competitiveness.
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