Research on Application of Internet of Things Technology in Fruit and Vegetable Cold Chain Logistics
chrispeng [ad_1]
Summary:The purpose of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics is to ensure that fruits and vegetables are of good quality from the field to the hands of consumers. However, in the circulation, the connection of various links is often broken, resulting in high cost of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, difficult quality assurance, and unclear division of responsibilities. The application of the Internet of Things technology in the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics can realize the transparency of information among the supervisory department, the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics enterprise, and the consumer, and achieve the purpose of querying, monitoring and tracking all links of the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics.
The logistics industry is the first industry to be exposed to the Internet of Things. Smart logistics is one of the six strategic applications for the development of the Internet of Things in the next 10-15 years. The application of Internet of Things technology to the logistics field has promoted the rapid development of logistics systems and promoted the logistics industry. Development has entered a new era of development-the era of smart logistics. The development of smart logistics brings opportunities and challenges to all areas of logistics, making some previously uncontrollable factors transparent and accountable. Effectively link up the complex and diverse links in logistics operations, while reducing logistics costs, improving logistics efficiency, and making consumers relaxed and assured shopping. This article takes the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics as the research object, the core technology of the Internet of Things is applied to each link of the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, and the overall structure of the application of the Internet of Things technology in the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics is constructed.
1 Analysis of the status quo of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics
At present, the planting area and output of fruits and vegetables in my country ranks first in the world. Each year, about 400 million tons of fresh agricultural products enter the circulation field. Due to the backward preservation industry and primitive storage methods and consumption methods, according to statistics, 80 million tons of fruits and vegetables rot each year. The decay rate is the highest in the world. The main reason for this huge waste is the problem of the circulation of fruits and vegetables from the field to the consumer’s table, and there is no coherent fruit and vegetable food industry chain: the links from planting, purchasing, transportation, storage, processing to sales of fruits and vegetables have not been effective. The main economic stakeholder in China, farmers only grow fruits and vegetables, fruit and vegetable distributors only purchase and sell, and third-party logistics companies are only responsible for transportation and storage. Coordination between these stakeholders is difficult, and the division of responsibilities is not clear. Whether consumers can buy high-quality and low-cost fruits and vegetables depends entirely on luck. According to statistics, 60% of fruits and vegetables are sold in the current season each year, and the remaining 35%-40% need to be refrigerated. Cold chain logistics plays a very important role in the circulation of fruits and vegetables, and is an important factor to ensure the quality of fruits and vegetables and stabilize their market prices. However, at present, there is a huge gap between the development level of my country’s fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics and the world’s advanced logistics level: the cold chain logistics circulation rate is low, the cold chain facilities and equipment are not matched, the fruit and vegetable cold chain technology and the fruit and vegetable cold chain system construction are in the initial stage of exploration, the fruit and vegetable cold chain Logistics operations and fruit and vegetable transaction costs are both high, which are on average 20% higher than those in developed countries. With the improvement of people’s living standards, the requirements for food quality and freshness are getting higher and higher, and cold chain logistics has caused people to The general concern.
2 Key technologies for the application of Internet of Things technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics
The core technologies of the Internet of Things include wireless sensor network technology, radio frequency identification technology, two-dimensional code technology, M2M object data communication technology, global positioning system technology, micro-electromechanical system technology, and two integration systems. Among them, the most critical and core technology is wireless sensor network technology, because it runs through all levels of the Internet of Things and is the integrated application of technologies at other levels. In the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, it is necessary to identify and track each link in the fruit and vegetable circulation. Generally, radio frequency identification technology is applied to each link of the fruit and vegetable circulation to realize the seamless connection of all links in the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics to achieve control and supervision of the fruit and vegetable circulation Quality in. At present, there are mainly the following kinds of applications of Internet of Things technology in the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables.
2.1 Electronic Product Code (EPC)
The product electronic code is the latest generation of product identification code responsible for the China Article Numbering Center. It can uniquely identify objects in the supply chain (including articles, containers, pallets, locations, etc.). The EPC is stored on the RFID tag. This tag contains a silicon chip and an antenna. When the EPC tag is read, it can be connected with some dynamic data. And with the help of the Internet to realize the transmission of information.
2.2 Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID)
Radio frequency identification technology is currently a relatively advanced non-contact identification technology. It is attached to trackable items and can be circulated globally and can be identified and read and written. RFID tags store standardized and interoperable information. The wireless data communication network automatically collects them to the central information system to realize the identification of commodities such as fruits and vegetables, and then realize the information exchange and sharing through the open computer network, and realize the “transparent” management of the items. It has the characteristics of being able to update at any time, scanning is convenient, scanning speed is fast, can be multi-target scanning for both visible and invisible, and low cost. At present, it is widely used in supermarkets, shopping malls, warehouses, libraries and other places. It is the basic and key technology for the application of Internet of Things technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics.
2.3 QR code technology
Two-dimensional code, also known as two-dimensional bar code, is a bar code that stores information in a two-dimensional space in the horizontal and vertical directions. The two-dimensional code technology has the characteristics of large storage capacity, good confidentiality, good tracking performance, strong resistance to damage, and low cost. Mainly used for product quality problem tracing, logistics center, storage center, joint logistics center annual goods and fixed assets inventory, play the role of immediate inventory, immediate decision-making, at the same time, consumers can check the source of goods by scanning the QR code on the item .
2.4 Global Positioning System Technology (GPS)
The Global Positioning System is a new generation satellite navigation and positioning system with all-round real-time three-dimensional navigation and positioning capabilities by sea, land and air. GPS, as a mobile sensing technology, is an important technology in the application of the Internet of Things to cold chain logistics. The combination of GPS and modern communication technology makes the method of determining the three-dimensional coordinates of the earth’s surface develop from static to dynamic, from data post-processing to real-time positioning and navigation, which greatly expands its application breadth and depth, and is very important for fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics. Real-time query and positioning of the location of transport vehicles and objects.
2.5 Savant network
Savant is a distributed network software that is responsible for the management and transmission of product electronic code related data. The middleware between the reader and the Internet. The reader reads the information from the sensors and electronic tags and sends it to Savant. Savant has the functions of data smoothing, data verification and data temporary storage. After the data is processed by Savant, it is transmitted to the Internet.
3 Application of Internet of Things technology in various links of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics
Fruits and vegetables can be divided into seven links from picking to sales. According to the sequence of fruit and vegetable circulation, it is analyzed how the Internet of Things technology can ensure the quality of fruits and vegetables in the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables. Through the application of the Internet of Things technology in the quality and safety of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, early warnings, responsibilities, and loopholes can be tracked through the application of the Internet of Things technology to ensure the quality and safety of fruit and vegetable circulation.
The application of the Internet of Things technology in the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics enables the identification and intelligent management of safety and quality problems in the circulation of fruits and vegetables, and fundamentally solves the problems encountered in the technology, cost, service, and safety of the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics. The problem of ensuring the freshness and quality traceability of fruits and vegetables, improving the supply chain management level of fruits and vegetables, is the future development direction of cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables.
4 The overall architecture of the application of Internet of Things technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics
This article uses the current three-tier architecture system to analyze the technology architecture of the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics Internet of Things. First, the advanced Internet of Things technology is introduced into the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, collecting information on each link of the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, realizing real-time information sharing, maintaining the smooth flow of cold chain information, and improving the efficiency of fruit and vegetable circulation. After the information is collected at the information perception layer, it is processed in real time through the network layer and transmitted to the higher-level application layer to ensure the effective connection of various links in the cold chain and form a unified information platform. Finally, the application layer provides unified information resource support according to the needs of users and serves the end users. The overall architecture of the Internet of Things application system for fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics is divided into three layers, as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 The overall system of application of Internet of Things technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics
4.1 Information perception layer
The information perception layer is based on the core technologies of the Internet of Things. After the fruits and vegetables are picked, the unified EPC code logo is first implanted in the fruits and vegetables, and the readers are installed in the storage, transportation, processing, packaging, distribution and other links involved in the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables. , Automatically identify the information of each link in the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables, and read or identify the quality information of fruits and vegetables; use wireless sensors, wired monitoring equipment, and information input terminals to collect information about storage, transportation, processing, and sales in real time. The Internet of Things technology simultaneously dynamically manages all the information of the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables to achieve a comprehensive grasp of information related to the quality of fruits and vegetables.
4.2 Network communication transport layer
The network transmission layer uses various network technologies and their fusion technologies to transmit the perceived information to the fruit and vegetable supply chain information platform in a high-quality and safe manner, to achieve mass data transmission and sharing, and to realize the demand for “things connected”. This layer takes M2M technology as the core and combines long-distance connection technologies (such as GSM, UMTS, etc.) and short-distance connection technologies (such as Zib Bee, Blue-Tooth, wifi, UWB, etc.) Communication; the information obtained by the data collection layer is input into a certain fruit and vegetable industry chain information private network through the reader and sensor network gateway, communication system and network access equipment. The fruit and vegetable industry chain information private network uses the Internet as a bridge to achieve fruit and vegetable Quality information is safely and efficiently interconnected in the broadcasting network, communication network and other private networks.
4.3 Application Service Layer
The application layer solves the problems of information processing and man-machine interface. The data transmitted from the network layer enters various information systems for processing at this layer, and interacts with people through various devices. First of all, we should understand the needs of people in the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics industry, and understand the services that the system should provide from the needs. The main members who pay attention to the quality of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics are: government regulatory agencies, cold chain related enterprises and final consumers. As a government regulatory agency, it is responsible for supervising, managing, and controlling the quality of fruits and vegetables. It needs to understand all the information in the cold chain circulation of fruits and vegetables. The Internet of Things technology needs to meet the needs of government regulatory agencies to understand the information at any time, and can provide communication with cold chain logistics companies. A platform for communication; as a cold chain-related company, it is first necessary to grasp the dynamic information of the fruit and vegetable cold chain at various points in time, and secondly, to share this information with upstream and downstream companies through the Internet of Things platform to realize the efficient transmission of fruit and vegetable circulation information and ensure that every time in the circulation All links are unimpeded; as the ultimate consumers of fruits and vegetables, they are most concerned about the safety and freshness of fruits and vegetables. When buying fruits and vegetables, they can realize the traceable information throughout the process, so as to achieve the purpose of assured purchase.
The application of the Internet of Things technology in the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics has achieved certain results. The monitoring of the information at each stage of the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics is conducive to the supervision and effectiveness of the government supervision department, and realizes the purpose of no dead end management; helpful Strengthen food safety operation and management in fruit and vegetable enterprises, stabilize and expand consumer groups, and enhance market competitiveness; it is conducive to consumers to consume with confidence and enjoy “fresh fruits and vegetables” food easily.
[ad_2]
