U.S. Customs and Border Protection uses RFID tags to monitor border crossings
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The U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)-part of the Department of Homeland Security-uses active RFID tags to track the movement of people in a public warehouse area and a secure zone in one of its bonded warehouses at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York. Through this system, CBP can know when and where someone crossed the yellow line that distinguishes the two areas, and whether the person is authorized. This system is provided by Axcess International. As other groups are also interested in this system, Axcess chairman and president Allan Griebenow stated that the company plans to bring this perimeter crossing solution to the market as part of the existing automatic access control and identification system Dot Wireless Credential.
Bonded warehouses store imported goods that are about to be exported or are waiting to be dispatched and may be subject to tax. Part of CBP’s large warehouses at JFK Airport are open to the public, and the areas where bonded goods are stored are only accessible to certain airport personnel. These two areas are not separated by a physical barrier, but a long yellow line is painted on the floor, and non-authorized personnel cannot cross the boundary.
Axcess International installed RFID activators (sending RF signals to activate active tags in a dormant state) and readers along the entire boundary, and provided its warehouse staff with ID badges containing Dot Wireless Credential RFID tags. This allows CBP to track the identity of all tag wearers that cross the border. If an unauthorized person is detected, CBP will receive an alert.
In order to detect those who did not wear the Dot wireless badge crossing the boundary, Axcess uses another kind of hardware to sense the people’s crossing behavior. Griebenow declined to disclose details, such as which type of sensor was used. However, he said that the Dot Wireless Credential system can be used with a variety of motion detection hardware, including infrared, video, and pressure distribution.
Usually, a detection system uses a light or infrared beam to detect violations of the boundary. Then, the data indicating the violation is sent to the Axcess software via the cable connection.
At the same time, if the person wearing the Dot Wireless badge crosses the border, his or her badge will be awakened by the activator (which sends an ID code on a 132 kHz signal). The badge label then uses a proprietary air interface protocol to send its ID code and activator ID code to the RFID reader at a frequency of 315 MHz or 433 MHz. AxcessView software compares the number of people crossing the boundary with the number of ID codes read based on the data of the detection hardware. If there is no correspondence, that is, the total number of people crossing the border is greater than the number of badges, the system will sound an alarm and a text message or email will be sent to the management team. In addition, if a video monitor is used, the photos at that point and the time of the violation will also be sent to the relevant department.
According to the building code, Griebenow stated that the reader and activator can also be mounted on the ceiling or wall. The reading area can also be adjusted to make it more sensitive, he said (for example, to reduce the reading of tags close to the boundary but not beyond the boundary), by adjusting the signal strength of the activator or the sensitivity of the reader, the reading area is usually 4 To 6 feet wide.
Since each activation point has its unique ID code, the system can also detect the approximate position of the badge wearer crossing the point. The accuracy depends on the number of activators installed.
In addition, this system can also ensure that assets will not be taken out of the institution’s permitted area. If, for example, the labelled projector is taken to a staircase or exit, the system triggers an alarm. If a person wears a badge, the system can also link their identities.
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