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1 Introduction
Beijing adopted chip embedding technology for the first time in the history of Olympic tickets. When a ticket holder enters the stadium, he only needs to swipe the ticket in his hand on the ticket checking machine. In fact, this chip is only a part of the entire identification system. The full name of this technology is radio frequency identification technology. The English name is RADIoFrequency Identification, and RFID is its abbreviation. A complete RFID system is composed of three parts: a reader, an electronic tag (TAG) and an application software system. It is a non-contact automatic identification technology that automatically recognizes the target object and obtains it through radio frequency signals. related data.
The RFID radio frequency identification system is regarded as one of the ten most important technologies of this century. Although this technology has existed for a long time, it was not until the large supermarket chain Wal-Mart in the United States required its major suppliers to label their products with RFID electronics. After the label, a storm of RFID began. There is a precedent for the application of RFID technology in the field of sports. This RFID ticket was used in the 2006 Football World Cup. Its application in golf, track and field sports has also achieved good results. This article aims to pass the RFID technology The introduction of the principle, analysis of its application status and development prospects in the field of sports, aroused the understanding of this technology in the domestic sports academia and the development of further research and application.
2 RFID technology system composition and working principle
2.1 RFID technology system composition
2.1.1 Electronic label
The electronic tag is the true carrier of the RFID system. The tag is equivalent to the barcode symbol in the barcode technology, and is used to store the information that needs to be identified and transmitted. Each electronic tag has a unique electronic code. The electronic tag is composed of a tag dedicated chip and a tag antenna. The tag chip is used to store data information, and the tag antenna can receive and transmit tag information. According to the different power supply modes of electronic tags, electronic tags can be divided into active electronic tags and passive electronic tags. In terms of function, electronic tags can be divided into read-only tags, rewritable tags, tags with microprocessors, and tags equipped with sensors. According to the modulation method, tags can also be divided into active tags and passive tags.
2.1.2 Reader
The reader is a device responsible for reading or writing tag information. It can complete the functions of data reading, writing, display and processing alone, and can also be combined with a computer or other systems to complete the operation of the electronic label. A typical reader includes a control module, a radio frequency module, an interface module, and a reader antenna. In addition, many readers have additional connection 13 (RS232, RS485, Ethernet connection El, etc.) in order to transmit the obtained data to the application system or receive commands from the application system.
2.1.3 Data management system
The data management system mainly completes the storage, management, analysis and read-write control of electronic tags. The data management system can be a database or supply chain system of various sizes.
2.2 The working principle of RFID technology system
2.2.1 The principle of RFID technology system data transmission
The electronic tag and the reader realize the spatial (non-contact) coupling of the radio frequency signal through the coupling element. In the coupling channel, according to the timing relationship, the transfer of energy and the exchange of data are realized. There are two types of RF signal coupling between the reader and the tag: inductive coupling and electromagnetic backscatter coupling.
Inductive coupling realizes coupling through space high-frequency alternating magnetic field. It is based on the law of electromagnetic induction. Inductive coupling is generally suitable for short-range radio frequency identification systems that work at medium and low frequencies. The identification distance is less than one meter. The Olympic ticket identification system is used This way of coupling. The electromagnetic backscattering coupling works according to the radar principle model, that is, the emitted electromagnetic wave is reflected after hitting the target, and at the same time it carries back the target information. It is based on the law of electromagnetic wave propagation in space. The electromagnetic backscattering coupling method is generally suitable for high frequency, The long-distance radio frequency identification system operated by microwaves has an identification range of more than one meter. A Chinese company has produced a golf ball with built-in electronic tags in accordance with US orders to facilitate the search after the ball is lost.
2.2.2 Basic workflow of RFID technology system
The reader sends out a certain frequency radio frequency signal through the transmitting antenna. When the target object attached to the tag enters the working area of the transmitting antenna, it will generate an induced current. The electronic tag uses the energy obtained by the induced current to send out the product information stored in the chip. Or actively send a signal of a certain frequency, the reader demodulates and decodes the carrier signal sent by the electronic tag received by the receiving antenna, and then sends it to the data management system for related processing. The data management system judges the legitimacy of the electronic label based on logical operations, and makes corresponding processing and control for different settings.
3 The status quo of the application of RFID technology in the field of sports
3.1 Application of RFID technology in ticket system
The 2006 World Cup in Germany was the first large-scale application of RFID technology tickets in the field of sports. The 3.5 million tickets for the twelve stadiums and 64 games all used RFID technology tickets. There are 28 major events and 38 sub-items of the Beijing Olympics. There are about 2,173 games, and more than 7 million tickets are all using RFID identification technology. China has already used this technology in the 2005 Shanghai Tennis Masters Cup. The use of RFID technology tickets provides security for the game. The electronic tag of the ticket stores the identity information of the ticket purchaser. The ticket holder who enters the stadium to watch the game must have the same identity as the ticket purchaser, effectively preventing the occurrence of security problems from the source . The use of RFID technology tickets can also effectively prevent the occurrence of counterfeit tickets and “scalper party” ticket scalping, and can increase the speed of ticket checking.
3.2 Application of RFID technology in football matches
A Fraunhofer Institute of Radiation in Erlangen, Germany, had developed an RFID technology system for football matches as early as the 2006 World Cup. This system is equipped with RFID electronic chips inside the football and on the players. The rate of /min scans the entire court to determine the position of the players and the ball on the court in full time. This system not only helps referees resolve controversial goals and out-of-bounds penalties, but also provides powerful technical support for team coaches to analyze the use of skills and tactics of players on the field.
3.3 Application of RFID technology in racing competitions
In the Berlin Marathon in 1994, ChampionChip pioneered the use of RFID technology. The athletes affixed electronic tags with personal information to them. Through the information collection of the readers set at the start, end, and on the way, the information can be collected more accurately. The process of the competition is monitored, and the determination of the athlete’s competition performance is more accurate. Since then, various road races, cross-country skiing, decathlon and other competitions have competed to use RFID technology, and the efficiency of the juice has been greatly improved. In the Broloppet half marathon in June 2000, a record number of 79,837 participants were paired. Timed. RFID technology has been widely used in racing competitions such as motorcycle races and bicycle races.
4 The application prospects of RFID technology in the field of sports
4.1 The application of RFID technology in the performance measurement of track and field competitions
At present, the distance measurement of high-level track and field events usually uses laser rangefinders. Referees are required to quickly find the first drop point after the athlete throws the equipment, and use the measurement benchmark to measure the competition results. Human errors may still occur.
If RFID technology is used, electronic tags are built into throwing equipment such as shot puts and javelins, and the distance between the first landing point of the equipment and the measurement starting point is collected by the reading and writing system, so that the game results can be obtained in the first time and work efficiency can be improved. And it can effectively reduce the human error of referees in finding places. As mentioned earlier, the use of radio frequency identification technology in track events can accurately and quickly determine the results of a large number of participating athletes.
4.2 Application of RFID technology in ball games
Although RFID technology is used in ball games such as golf and football, it is still in a trial stage and there are certain technical problems. The Hawkeye system used in tennis matches has gradually been accepted and recognized by the audience, posing new challenges to the traditional referee system and bringing a brand new appreciation experience to sports audiences. The Hawkeye system realizes the simulation of its flight route and landing point by setting up multiple high-speed cameras on the court to capture the flight trajectory of the tennis ball. If multiple electronic tags are installed inside balls such as tennis and volleyball, the flight line of the ball and the changes of the ball can also be detected, so as to realize accurate judgment of the ball’s landing point, improve the accuracy of referee’s law enforcement, and also help coaches. In-depth analysis of the tactics of your team and opponents.
5 concluding remarks
Competitive sports competitions are becoming more and more intense, and have gradually become an important object of mass media attention. The fairness of competitions has attracted people’s attention. The use of modern technology in competitive sports to partially assume the role of referees, although the pressure on the referees on the spot will suddenly increase, each of their judgments may be strongly questioned. From the perspective of sports ethics, it may be related to There are certain differences in tradition. However, the use of the Hawkeye system in tennis matches is technically successful. A set of Hawkeye system costs millions of dollars, and the operation cost of radio frequency identification technology is relatively low, which should become an important part of the research and application of sports technology. Direction of development.
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