The Application of RFID Technology in the Security Management of Power Grid Assets
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Currently, power grid companies generally apply asset safety management evaluation and decision-making systems to carry out result index evaluation. The system mainly extracts data from the PMS system and SAP system, but lacks the information of the physical data on the spot, and collects the physical identification data through the RFID middleware system and on-site collection equipment, and feeds the physical information back to the asset safety management evaluation decision-making system in time through the interface , To achieve a true vertical closed loop that matches accounts, cards, and objects, and provides more accurate asset operating status data for asset safety management.
project description:
1) Selection of acquisition equipment
The application of RFID technology to power grid asset tracking management will use a large number of handheld collection terminals to collect information on the on-site physical identification. Due to the operation in the electromagnetic field environment, it is necessary to consider the anti-interference ability, read-write distance, stability, reliability and other factors of the terminal equipment .
(1) Anti-interference factors. In the operating environment of substation equipment, power frequency electric field and power frequency magnetic field will be generated, and power frequency electromagnetic field interference belongs to low-frequency induction field interference. Since the signal inside the handheld terminal does not use the earth as a return path, the electromagnetic protection design of the reader should be considered in the selection and design of the handheld terminal.
(2) Read and write distance. The physical identification of the power grid is generally installed on the grounded flat iron of the equipment base, and a certain height away from the ground, which is convenient for the operator to read and write data. Therefore, the long and short reading and writing distance of the handheld device reduces the walking distance of the asset inspector and reduces the work intensity. , It is of great significance to improve the efficiency of inspections.
(3) The battery life of the handheld device. Substations above 220kV have a large area, more equipment, and a long time for label implementation and installation. Therefore, handheld device batteries must have a long battery life and automatically save data after power failure to ensure that staff work on site without worries .
2) Physical identification performance
RFID physical identification has the advantages of waterproof, anti-magnetic, high temperature resistance, long service life, long reading distance, data encryption, large amount of stored data, and modification of stored information that are not available in barcodes. It has been widely used in power grid asset tracking management superior. Therefore, the ISO18000-6B metal label is basically used for asset tracking management. Power grid equipment is always outdoors and in high-temperature environments, and it is necessary to fully consider factors such as UV protection, reading and writing distance, and multi-mark reading when marking design and material selection.
(1) Read and write distance. In the ultra-high frequency electromagnetic environment of substations, the metal surface has a shielding effect on electromagnetic waves. When the antenna in the mark is close to the metal surface, the performance of the antenna will be significantly deteriorated. After the field application test, after the logo is attached to the grounded flat iron surface, the signal will be greatly depleted, and the read-write distance will be reduced by 50% to 70%. Therefore, the read-write distance should be considered in the design of the logo housing, packaging and logo posting materials. .
(2) Anti-ultraviolet rays. At present, ABS materials are generally used for UHF passive electronic identification packaging shells. The installed identifications have been revisited. Electronic identifications are prone to fade in the wind and sun in the substation for a long time. Therefore, consider adding anti-ultraviolet materials when packaging the identification shells.
(3) Anti-collision mechanism. There are a large number of substation equipment. In order to speed up asset inventory and inspections, the anti-collision algorithm must be considered in the design of physical signs to realize the function of batch, fast and accurate reading of multiple signs in each work area.
3) Formulation of logo and labeling specifications
The physical identification labeling specification is to clearly specify the installation location of the identification for each type of equipment, which is convenient for future installation, identification and reading. The formulation of power grid equipment labeling specifications should consider factors such as outdoor equipment, indoor equipment, the characteristics of each unit equipment, the read-write distance between the handheld device and the logo, and the angle. The general principle must be based on the actual application. Currently, the application of RFID technology in substations basically uses passive metal electronic identification, but it is not practical to install such identification directly on outdoor current transformers, voltage transformers, lightning arresters and other equipment bodies for application. After testing the use of domestic and foreign handheld reading and writing equipment in substations of various voltage levels, the identification information beyond 2m cannot be read. Therefore, the formulation of RFID labeling specifications should consider the existence of such factors.
4) Physical identification middleware and system integration
The application of RFID technology can improve the efficiency of power grid asset management. However, the application technology of RFID reading and writing equipment is complex, and it is difficult to integrate with the PMS system and SAP system of the power grid company, and the coupling between systems is high, and it is adaptable to business changes. Poor sex. This makes companies cautious about implementing RFID technology, and middleware helps the integration of RFID equipment with grid company ERP systems and SAP systems.
At present, the RFID middleware system of power grid companies is generally developed based on the SOA architecture, and in the middleware, the PAI interface provided by the RFID reading and writing equipment manufacturer is integrated into the middleware system in various ways, such as IP address and port settings. It is convenient for RFID equipment to read and write the identification data, and at the same time, the collected data is combined with the identification service for effective filtering, processing and data transmission, and finally stored in the middleware database. The middleware can also play a role in monitoring the RFID equipment and check the operation of the RFID equipment. In addition, the use of RFID middleware can easily realize data interface and data exchange with ERP and other systems.
Currently, power grid companies generally apply asset safety management evaluation and decision-making systems to carry out result index evaluation. The system mainly extracts data from the PMS system and SAP system, but lacks the information of the physical data on the spot, and collects the physical identification data through the RFID middleware system and on-site collection equipment, and feeds the physical information back to the asset safety management evaluation decision-making system in time through the interface , To achieve a true vertical closed loop that matches accounts, cards, and objects, and provides more accurate asset operating status data for asset safety management.
5) Physical identification data storage and data security requirements
At present, the ISO18000-6B standard electronic identification adopted by the power grid’s physical asset management has the characteristics of mature standard, stable product, wide application, unique ID number in the world, and simultaneous reading of multiple identifications. It can store data with a capacity of 1024b or 2048b, and the data read speed It is 40kb/s. The amount of information stored in the physical identification should take into account the issue of hand-held devices and background data exchange during on-site operation and maintenance work. The handheld devices of major suppliers are basically equipped with GPRS functions, but in view of the stability of communication transmission, it cannot be guaranteed. At that time, the background data of the middleware system can be obtained smoothly. Therefore, the data storage content of the device information in the logo should be considered.
Another thing to consider is the storage information of the grid asset management logo content. The logo encapsulated in accordance with ISO/IEC18000-6B protocol, the memory storage bytes are 206, and the content of grid equipment information storage must consider the linkage factor of the PMS system and PM and AM, but also the necessity of related content. After years of implementation, the current information stored in the substation identification content mainly includes nameplate model, factory number, nameplate manufacturer, voltage level, substation, commissioning date, equipment status, identification type, unit of measurement, SAPID, SAP number, material code, Using this method of storing content, you can more completely view the basic situation and content of the device.
6) Security of data transmission
Grid companies use strict isolation measures for external mobile storage devices or mobile transmission methods to prevent data risks, resulting in the information collected by handheld devices cannot be uploaded to the middleware system in time, and similarly, the business documents of the middleware system cannot be easily uploaded to the handheld The terminal must be converted multiple times through a secure U disk to realize data exchange. Because the operation is too cumbersome, it will affect the enthusiasm of asset managers to develop RFID technology applications. Therefore, it is necessary to fundamentally solve the problem of equipment collection information data transmission and security.
7) Labeling granularity
With the in-depth development of the asset safety management of the power grid company, the power grid company has carried out the synchronization of the PMS system and the SAP system PM module equipment, which mainly includes the synchronization of the primary equipment and the secondary equipment. The synchronization work is only for the main device, and the auxiliary devices are temporarily out of sync. Because synchronization work requires high maintenance requirements for the equipment types and certain fields of the PMS system. For example, PMS system operators cannot synchronize to the PM module due to unskilled business or lack of responsibility, so it will affect the transfer of funds with the financial AM module And linkage work. Therefore, labeling is based on the PMS system data. Although the granularity is the finest and the workload is large, the synchronization quality of PMS and PM can be checked during the labeling process, and the quality of the linkage with AM can be checked. This mode It has a positive effect on improving the matching rate of accounts (PM), cards (AM), and objects (RFID physical identification).
summary:
RFID technology has been applied at different levels in the security management of power grid assets. The technical realization mode is to paste physical identifications on assets to store equipment information, contact-free batch reading and data transmission. This move can realize the asset safety management of the equipment. Through the daily operation and maintenance of the physical identification data, the dynamic tracking management of the equipment can be realized, the difficulties, blind spots and obstacles of asset management can be eliminated, and the accurate positioning management of the asset equipment can be realized. The application in the field of asset management will have very good prospects, which will bring high efficiency and economic benefits.
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