The application of the fire-fighting Internet of things in the construction of smart fire-fighting in cities
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1 Introduction
With the introduction of smart cities, firefighting, which is related to people’s livelihood, will also enter the intelligent construction. Intelligent firefighting has also been put on the agenda.
Intelligent firefighting is based on a variety of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things, virtualization, and geospatial services. It realizes the dynamic collection of firefighting professional data, real-time monitoring and dispatching of firefighting equipment, emergency rescue equipment and other firefighting and rescue forces. Real-time inspection of key parts and real-time inspection of fire-fighting and rescue plans.
This article relates to the application of Internet of Things technology in the field of fire protection, including the application of fire alarm systems, electrical fire monitoring systems, fire hydrant monitoring systems, fire emergency evacuation systems, fire supervision and inspection services, fire protection daily Application in management, application in fire inspection.
2. Fire Internet of Things technology and its application
Fire Internet of Things is based on radio frequency identification technology (RFID) and smart sensor technology. Put a QR code label on every fire-fighting facility that needs to be monitored, and realize automatic identification of target objects and obtain object information through RFID technology.
Intelligent sensing technology is used to realize online monitoring of fire-fighting facilities that need to be monitored. The intelligent sensing technology uses sensing technology, single-chip technology, and communication technology to realize real-time perception and detection of the space environment and monitoring objects through micro-sensors, and connects to the network so that firefighters at all levels can monitor the operation of the equipment in real time.
Figures 1 and 2 are diagrams of smart fire-fighting systems based on the Internet of Things.
Figure 1 Diagram of Smart Fire Fighting System (Zhongxiaoyun)
Figure 2 Architecture diagram of the intelligent fire protection system (Helium Krypton Technology)
2.1 The architecture of the Fire Internet of Things
Fire IoT can be divided into three layers: perception layer, network layer, and application layer.
The perception layer is to identify objects and collect information. Devices on this layer include: QR code tags, cameras, micro sensors, etc. The conventional sensor is only a one-way device, which can only convert the changes sensed by the device into electrical signals and input to the controller. The sensor in the Internet of Things not only has the above-mentioned functions, but also has the function of receiving commands and completing signal transmission tasks. It is an intelligent sensor and an “electronic label” in the entire Internet of Things system.
The network layer belongs to the information transmission and processing center, which can connect and transmit information between the perception layer and the application layer.
The application layer is the main reflection of the different applications of the Internet of Things users, which integrates the needs of the industry and the “social division of labor” of the Internet of Things, and then makes the industry move towards intelligence.
2.2 Application of Fire Internet of Things in Automatic Fire Alarm System
According to 8.4.1 and 8.4.2 of GB50016-2014 Building Design Fire Protection Code, buildings or places should be equipped with automatic fire alarm systems. Where mechanical smoke exhaust, smoke prevention systems, rain or pre-action automatic sprinkler systems, fixed fire water monitors, gas fire extinguishing systems, etc. need to be interlocked with the automatic fire alarm system, all places or parts that need to be interlocked with the automatic fire alarm system should be equipped with automatic fire alarm system. The GB50016-2013 design code for automatic fire alarm system also specifies the linkage requirements for each fire protection subsystem.
Early automatic fire alarm systems experienced a single fire detection to a composite detection. However, the current domestic composite detection is at most a combination of two detections, and it has not achieved true intelligent detection.
Apply the fire-fighting Internet of Things to the automatic fire alarm system, and conduct real-time monitoring of “electronic tags” for various fire-fighting facilities. The use of smart detectors is not only the transmission of switching values, but also the real-time transmission of the detected temperature, smoke and other analog quantities to the controller, which can make real-time judgments through the controller to detect fire hazards earlier.
After adopting the fire-fighting Internet of Things, the linkage control of the automatic fire alarm system will be more intuitive. Each fire-fighting equipment will pop up its status information in real-time in the graphical interface of the monitoring center to push the screen. Let the fire management personnel at all levels quickly understand the operation of the entire automatic fire alarm system and the development of the fire. According to the real-time data provided by smart sensors, the best fire fighting and rescue plan can be obtained through the analysis and calculation of the smart fire monitoring center to guide firefighters in rescue operations and evacuation. The automatic fire alarm system with Internet of Things technology is used as an initial fire detection and is more effectively used in fire fighting and rescue.
2.3 Application of Fire Internet of Things in Electrical Fire Monitoring System
Buildings and places based on 10.2.7 of the GB50016-2014 Building Fire Protection Design Code should be equipped with electrical fire monitoring systems. For example, first-class high-rise civil buildings, wooden structure ancient buildings of national cultural relics protection units, etc.
The electrical fire monitoring system can be composed of electrical fire monitors, residual current electrical fire monitoring detectors, and temperature measuring electrical fire monitoring detectors according to system requirements.
As the early warning system of the automatic fire alarm system, the electrical fire monitoring system can detect hidden fire hazards early and eliminate the fire in the bud. Applying the fire-fighting Internet of Things to the electrical fire monitoring system, it is possible to find the hidden fire hazards as early as possible based on the real-time data of smart sensors and through the analysis and judgment of the monitoring center.
Figure 3 An electrical fire monitoring system based on the fire-fighting Internet of Things (electrical guards)
2.4 Application of Fire Internet of Things in Fire Hydrant Monitoring System
The outdoor fire hydrant is an important water source for fire fighting and rescue, and the importance of ensuring its integrity is obvious. Article 60 of the Fire Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China also imposes penalties on acts of burying, trapping, and covering fire hydrants. However, many citizens have weak awareness of fire protection and fail to maintain fire hydrants. According to a city fire brigade inspecting 708 municipal fire hydrants in the urban area, it was found that 199 fire hydrants were in good condition, accounting for 28.2% of the total; 173 fire hydrants were faulty (still usable), accounting for 28.2% of the total; 333 fire hydrants Can not be used, accounting for 47.2%. In the event of a fire, these fire hydrants will not be able to perform their function of water supply and fire fighting, which will greatly threaten the safety of the people.
Fire Internet of Things is used in the real-time monitoring system of fire hydrants. By installing smart sensors at the fire hydrant, the valve opening of the fire hydrant, external impact vibration, and shielding conditions can be monitored in real time. Regularly check the condition of fire hydrants through the monitoring center, so as to provide good support for fire fighting and rescue.
Figure 4 Fire hydrant monitoring system based on fire Internet of Things (Stellar IoT)
2.5 Application of Fire Internet of Things in Fire Emergency Evacuation System
In accordance with the provisions of 10.3.5 of the GB50016-2014 Building Fire Protection Design Code, buildings should be equipped with lighted evacuation signs.
At present, the common fire escape in China is still at the stage of combining “alarm-judgment-escape instructions” combined with emergency plans. Various types of probes are generally used to detect fire development, and then intelligently judge or judge the fire occurrence and development, and finally use an indicator system to evacuate the crowd . However, the evacuation indication path tends to be static and has not been dynamically adjusted according to the fire development.
Adopt fire-fighting Internet of Things technology, through the use of smart sensors, use multi-threshold sensors to detect fire in real time, and provide real-time information on the development of the fire in the monitoring center, so as to calculate the best evacuation route through analysis and calculation, and use evacuation instructions and voice reminders , So that the people can effectively escape.
2.6 Application of firefighting Internet of Things in firefighting supervision and inspection business
Article 53 of the Fire Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that the fire protection agencies of public security organs shall supervise and inspect the compliance of fire protection laws and regulations by organizations, organizations, enterprises, and institutions in accordance with the law.
Fire supervision and inspection work requires the inspectors to have a thorough understanding of the building structure and the fire-fighting facilities and fire-fighting design inside the building structure, but also to grasp various standards and regulations to reduce and avoid any deviations that may lead to misjudgments of the inspected objects and leave hidden fire hazards. This increases the possibility of fire. When conducting building audits, fire inspectors must check whether the fire protection design, smoke prevention and exhaust facilities, fire water supply facilities, fixed fire extinguishing facilities and automatic alarm facilities in the building are in compliance with relevant regulations and standards. The inspection of the status of various fire-fighting facilities in daily inspections is also extremely important. At this stage, most of the inspection items are checked one by one by fire-prevention inspectors. The workload is large and omissions are easy to occur, which leads to the remaining fire hazards. In addition, the fire inspection business is related to many fire protection facilities, and the status of many facilities will also change due to the influence of external factors.
The application of the Internet of Things technology in the fire supervision and inspection business can not only improve the efficiency of inspection work, but also reduce work omissions, thereby reducing fire hazards. Use electronic tags for various fire-fighting facilities in the building to understand the working conditions of various fire-fighting facilities in real time through smart sensor technology, check the status of various fire-fighting facilities at the fire-fighting Internet of Things application terminal, and conduct regular or irregular inspections. If an abnormality is found in the fire-fighting facilities, the physical positioning system of the Internet of Things can quickly locate the faulty part, so as to eliminate the hidden fire hazard in time.
In the process of on-site inspection, the fire-fighting facilities to be inspected are automatically located through the fire-fighting Internet of Things, and the inspection content and the corresponding standard content will be automatically popped up through the inspection terminal application tool configured by the inspector, and the inspector will be prompted to check items to avoid missed inspections and misjudgments. . At the same time, use terminal application tools to collect and record the on-site situation, and directly upload the work account of the monitoring center.
2.7 The application of firefighting Internet of things in the daily management of firefighting
According to GB25201-2010 building fire protection facilities maintenance and management regulations, daily management of fire protection facilities is required to provide complete and effective fire fighting and rescue facilities.
The fire fighting system with the fire Internet of things will make the daily management of fire fighting more effective and concise. Through the intelligent sensors on the fire-fighting facilities to transmit the working conditions of the fire-fighting facilities in real time, the fire-fighting management personnel at all levels can read and understand the operation of the fire-fighting system at any time, and promptly investigate hidden fire hazards. In daily inspections, inspectors configure RFID radio frequency equipment terminals to collect data on inspection points, and upper-level management personnel can also check whether employees have entered inspection points through monitoring terminals and understand their work conditions in real time.
Figure 5 Inspection management system based on the fire Internet of Things (Sidi Technology)
2.8 Application of Fire Internet of Things in Fire Detection
According to GB252010 Building Fire Protection Facilities Maintenance Management Regulations, building fire protection facilities should be inspected at least once a year.
The inspection is undertaken by the fire protection technical service organization, and the technical person in charge is required to master the fire protection regulations and standards to make a fair and legal judgment on the results of the fire inspection, so as to avoid missed inspections and misjudgments. At present, the inspection work still adopts manual comparison and standard inspection one by one, which has a large workload and is prone to missed inspections. After adopting the fire-fighting Internet of Things, the inspectors will carry the electronic equipment of the inspection terminal and find the fire-fighting facilities that need to be inspected according to the prompt sound of the electronic equipment of the inspection terminal. The inspection will be carried out according to the inspection prompts and standard prompts. At the same time, the inspection records will be entered and stored in the monitoring center. In the electronic work desk account. The technical person in charge analyzes and judges the test results by calling the electronic work account terminal. At the same time, the technical person in charge can program the inspection task process through the inspection terminal of the fire Internet of Things, and issue the inspection task to the inspection terminal electronic equipment, thereby guiding the inspector to carry out the inspection work.
3. The necessity of the implementation of the fire Internet of Things
The current domestic automatic fire alarm systems are all closed systems, which cannot realize resource sharing between systems. When a fire breaks out, you can only report to the police by telephone, and you cannot automatically report to the “119” fire command center. In addition, the inspection and inspection of fire-fighting facilities is limited to a fully manual method, and the effective operation of fire-fighting facilities is easily affected by the sense of responsibility of the inspectors. Due to the system’s inability to monitor the operating status of fire-fighting facilities in real time and irregular fire-fighting management, the fire-fighting facilities cannot be activated and water can not be supplied to extinguish fires when a fire occurs. This delays the initial fire fighting and seriously endangers the personal and property safety of the people.
The establishment of the fire-fighting Internet of Things can help social units to manage the operation of fire-fighting facilities such as automatic fire alarm equipment and personnel on duty in real time, to ensure the normal operation of fire-fighting facilities and the effective implementation of the duty system. Provide a platform for the fire management departments at all levels to dynamically grasp the fire safety status, and conduct key management of key units and key positions. Through the fire-fighting Internet of Things, the fire command center can quickly and accurately grasp the fire situation, carry out precise command of fire fighting and rescue work, and realize the timely and effective fire fighting in the initial stage.
4. Prospects for the development of smart fire protection
As early as the end of 2013, 4 cities at the sub-provincial level and above, 89% of cities at the prefectural level and above, 47% of cities at the county level and above, a total of 311 cities proposed or are building smart cities, covering large, medium and small cities and Dongzhong Western region. For example, in 2013, 132 key units in Beijing opened remote monitoring of the Internet of Things fire-fighting facilities. On September 18, 2015, Guizhou Province started the construction of my country’s first comprehensive test zone for big data. The advent of the big data era has laid a solid foundation for the firefighting Internet of Things. The Internet of Things, big data, and cloud computing are changing the era of human information, and the comprehensive coverage of the Internet of Things for fire fighting will also be an inevitable trend.
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