Application scenarios and technical inventory of RFID technology in automotive related fields
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On December 29, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China and the National Standardization Administration approved the release of six national recommended standards for motor vehicle electronic identification, which will be officially implemented on July 1, 2018. The release of this standard is bound to further promote the application of RFID technology in automotive-related fields. Today we will take stock of the application scenarios and technologies of RFID technology in automotive-related fields.
Application of automobile parts manufacturing
Auto parts manufacturing technology is complex, involving a wide range of manufacturing processes, covering a variety of processes, and the number of parts is as much as 8000 to 15000; only manual management of a large number of parts, components and complex and numerous manufacturing processes is often prone to errors and It is not possible to quickly improve the operational efficiency and benefits of each process from the source. Therefore, people use RFID technology to provide a variety of effective management solutions for parts manufacturing and vehicle assembly. Good parts tracking management can improve the level of logistics management and quality management. The current part tracking is mainly through two methods:
One is that the label is attached to the part itself, which is called a hard link. A typical example is the use of RFID for tire tracking management. Such parts generally have the characteristics of high value, safety requirements and easy confusion between parts. The use of RFID can effectively identify and track parts.
The second is to affix the label on the packaging or shipping rack of the part. The cost of using RFID can be reduced, but it is necessary to maintain a link on the database between the tagged RFID container and the parts in the container. This method is called soft link or soft tracking. The principles of these two methods are the same, except that the label placement position is different. The following takes the tire as an example for specific description.
The main production process of manufacturing tires includes: banburying, rubber component preparation, tire molding, vulcanization, inspection, testing and other processes. Each process contains a very complex process. At the same time, due to the characteristics of long product data and large number of products, In the process of production control and product data management, manual data recording is used, and errors are unavoidable. In addition, manually inputting millions of tires and related information into the database accurately and accurately each year may also cause errors. Therefore, most tire factories There is no detailed database for individual tires, which is not conducive to querying tire information and cannot be scientifically managed in the process of tire manufacturing and use. Therefore, RFID technology is applied to tire production to produce smart tires based on RFID technology.
The staff embeds the RFID tag in the tire building process. The embedding position is between the carcass ply and the sidewall rubber. After the tire blank is vulcanized, the tag is fixed and sealed in the tire. This smart tire is from the factory and during use. During the entire life cycle from maintenance and refurbishment to scrapping, all important data such as production serial number, production date, production plant code, and automobile manufacturer’s identification code are completely stored in the tag chip.
Smart tires based on RFID technology have improved the operating efficiency and benefits of the tire supply chain in many ways:
(1) Using RFID reader to read the tag information, the staff can quickly count the number of tires without any omission, ensuring the correctness of the input data;
(2) Since each tire has a unique identification code, when the tire fails early, it can be confirmed by reading the label whether the tire is a product of the factory, and then it can be traced from top to bottom to molding, vulcanization, quality inspection, Packaging, warehousing, shipping and other links to determine the key links leading to tire failure and find the real cause, so as to gradually improve product quality;
In addition, qualified manufacturers can also embed special RFID tags with pressure and temperature sensing functions. The special tags embedded in the tire can be combined with the tire pressure (temperature) monitoring system to monitor the tire pressure and tire temperature in a timely manner, so that it can be sent to the tire at any time. The driver provides real-time data. If the tire pressure is too low, the monitoring system will warn the driver not to drive in dangerous conditions with low tire pressure, thereby increasing driving safety and improving the difference between smart tires and ordinary tires.
In addition, RFID technology is also widely used in anti-counterfeiting traceability of auto parts. Counterfeiting is prevalent in the auto parts industry, and many black-hearted businessmen even mix the real and the fake, which not only damages the reputation of the brand, but also harms the personal safety of consumers.
Application of automobile assembly link
When assembling the whole automobile, it is mainly to realize the real-time collection of production data and quality monitoring data collected on various production lines of the automobile to material management, production scheduling, quality assurance and other related departments, so as to better realize the supply of raw materials. , Production scheduling, sales service, quality monitoring, and lifelong quality tracking of the entire vehicle.
Before the application of RFID technology, the main storage car body information was bar codes. The advantages of using bar code recognition methods are flexible configuration and lower system cost. However, because the body information is stored in the PLC (programmable controller) or PMC (production and material control) database, the speed and reliability of network communication are very high, and high-performance PLC and large-capacity are required. Database and high-speed PMC host.
After the RFID system is adopted, the electronic tag is generally placed on the skid carrying the car body, and runs with the workpiece from beginning to end, forming a data that moves with the car body, becoming a “smart car body” that carries the database with you throughout the production process. . According to the process and production management needs, readers/writers can be installed at the entrances and exits of the paint shop, the fork of the workpiece logistics, and the entrances of important processes (such as spray booths, drying rooms, storage areas, etc.). The reading/writing station is mainly composed of a workpiece position detection switch, a label reading/writing device, a communication interface module and a man-machine interface. The basic process is: After the detection switch detects the signal of the car body in place, the read/write device automatically reads the data stored in the tag installed on the skid, and sends the data to the PLC, which is displayed on the man-machine interface at the same time; It is uploaded to the workshop production process monitoring system PMC through PLC for further processing and calculation, so as to realize the tracking of the whole workshop workpiece logistics and production process control.
The use of RFID technology on the production line does not require all read/write devices to communicate with the main database, so the failure of communication with the main database will not cause the production to stop. After the station, data can be written to the tag. Therefore, the application of RFID in the vehicle body identification system is also increasing.
Application in vehicle logistics management
RFID smart electronic tags with vehicle information can realize vehicle logistics information management and help solve problems in vehicle production, inventory management, and sales management.
The vehicle identification number (VIN) is the ID card in the circulation of vehicles. This identification number can be written into the RFID tag embedded in the car to realize the management of the car’s electronic digital license plate. By reading the stored information of the vehicle’s smart electronic tags, the accuracy and work efficiency of vehicle information are greatly improved, and problems in automobile after-sales service, product tracking, and quality traceability are solved.
We can write important information such as the order number, frame number, internal car model, certificate number, certificate car model, VIN number, engine number, factory date, warranty card number and other important information of the vehicle in the smart electronic tag of the vehicle. It can mutually support and share data and information with production management system, vehicle quality file management system, vehicle inventory management system, after-sales service “one-line” and GPS global positioning system, and realizes the realization of vehicle production, quality inspection, Information management of a series of links such as warehouse storage, after-sales service and maintenance.
The operation of the vehicle intelligent electronic label system is relatively simple. It only requires a dedicated person to use a handheld with a wireless communication device to scan the vehicle and send the scanned information to the database server of the vehicle logistics management system.
Application in the whole process of automotive supply chain
RFID technology is breaking through the limitations in the factory and realizing its application in the entire process of the automotive supply chain. We can build a system to track the entire process of the vehicle supply chain.
In the first stage, the vehicle is monitored in the assembly workshop through reusable tags;
In the second stage, disposable paper RFID tags are used to track parts and vehicles, and the tracking management of vehicles is implemented in its distribution center.
In the third stage, RFID technology is used in the retail field. RFID tags will be permanently retained on the car and used throughout the life cycle. The information on the RFID tags will include customer information and original production data.
Application in automotive electronic identification system
The automobile electronic identification system is to install an RFID electronic tag for storing the identity data of the automobile on the inside of the front windshield of the vehicle, and communicate with the high-speed reading and writing equipment of the electronic license plate placed on the urban road section. The data is read and written to realize the identification and monitoring of vehicles on an active, non-contact, and non-stop network.
At the same time, it is combined with the original traffic information collection and traffic management platform, which can meet the request of the Ministry of Public Security for “timely monitoring, networked control, active alarm, rapid response, science, efficiency, and information sharing”, and realize true digitalization, intelligence, and refinement. Improved traffic management; fundamentally eliminates the “blind spots” of road traffic management in time and space, and expands the monitoring period and scope of traffic management, which can fully improve the intensity of urban traffic management and improve the compliance of traffic participants A sense of law-abiding.
In addition, RFID technology is also widely used in RFID smart parking management, toll management, smart weighing management, RFID car wash management and other application scenarios.
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