BIM case丨The application of BIM and RFID technology in prefabricated building construction management
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At present, the prefabricated construction progress is mainly restricted by many factors such as the speed of component production by the manufacturer and the mode of transportation. Design changes are detrimental to the production of components, and “errors, omissions, bumps, and defects” are prone to occur during the installation process. Therefore, integrating BIM and RFID and applying it to the whole process management from component production to installation will greatly improve production efficiency. The following is a brief analysis of the application of BIM and RFID technology in prefabricated building construction management.
1. Application of BIM technology in prefabricated building construction management
The application of BIM technology in prefabricated building construction management mainly includes three parts: construction site management, 5D dynamic cost control, and visualization.
(1) Construction site management. The BIM-based construction site management is to use the computer virtual construction site layout before construction to simulate the construction process of the main construction machinery, while satisfying the scope of the tower crane to cover the entire construction surface, minimize the boom crossing; simulate the main material site layout , Reduce or even avoid secondary handling.
(2) 5D dynamic cost control based on BIM. BIM-based 5D dynamic construction cost control means adding time and cost to the 3D model to form a 5D building information model. Through virtual construction, you can see if the material stacking, project progress, and capital investment are reasonable on site, and discover the actual construction process in time Optimize the construction period and resource allocation, adjust resources and capital investment in real time, optimize the construction period and cost targets, and form the optimal building model to guide the next construction (see Figure 1).
In this system, first of all, it is necessary to establish a BIM model, and enter all the information related to the project in the BIM model, mainly including the basic information of the components (such as name, specification and model, supplier); secondly, in the three-dimensional model Time parameters and cost plans are added to each component to form a 5D BIM model; again, a computer is used to display the BIM 5D virtual construction based on the additional time and cost parameters. Through the virtual construction, it is possible to check whether the schedule or cost plan is reasonable. Whether the logical relationship is accurate, discover various problems and risks that may occur in the construction process in time, and modify and adjust the model and plan according to the problems that arise, and then optimize the BIM model, adjust the schedule and cost plan, and optimize the completed model. Virtual construction, if no problems are found after the virtual construction, you can guide the implementation.
In addition, the use of BIM technology can well handle various changes in the construction process. When a design change occurs during the construction process, BIM is used to associate the change to the model, and at the same time reflect the change in engineering quantity and cost, so that decision makers can more clearly understand the impact of design changes on the cost, and timely adjust fund raising and investment plans.
(3) Interpretation of visualization technology. Visualized confession is to use BIM technology to virtually display each construction process before the construction of each process, especially for full-scale three-dimensional display of new technologies, new processes and complex nodes, which effectively reduces the misunderstanding caused by human subjective factors and makes the confession more intuitive , Easier to understand, making communication between departments more efficient.
2. Application of RFID technology in construction management of prefabricated buildings
Different from the traditional construction management of construction projects, the construction management process of prefabricated buildings can be divided into five links: production, transportation, admission, storage and hoisting. The ability to accurately grasp the manufacturing, transportation, and presence of various components in the construction process in a timely and accurate manner affects the progress management and construction procedures of the entire project to a large extent. The effective component information on the construction site is beneficial to the various components on the site. And the stacking of parts system reduces secondary handling.
However, the information of the traditional material management method is not only prone to error, but also has a certain lag. In order to solve the problem of disconnection between the production and construction process of prefabricated buildings, the author discusses the application of RFID technology to the entire process of prefabricated building construction. And the method is shown in Figure 2.
(1) Component production stage. In the component prefabrication stage, first, the prefabricated personnel in the prefabricated yard use the read-write device to write all the information of the component or part (such as the size of the prefabricated column, maintenance information, etc.) into the RFID chip, according to user needs and current encoding methods , And at the same time refer to the coding rules of the engineering contract list to code the components (see Figure 3). Then, the RFID chip with all the information of the component is implanted into the component or parts system by the production staff, so that the staff can read and consult the relevant information in the subsequent stages.
K1-3: The name of the project, expressed in English letters. For projects with less than three letters, use 0 to fill in the front, such as: Olympic events are expressed as 0AY;
K4-5: Unit engineering code, using number 1-99, such as: Building No. 9 of the Olympic Village, expressed as 09;
K6: Aboveground/underground engineering, the underground is represented as 0, and the aboveground is represented as 1;
K7-8: Floor number, such as: the 9th floor above the ground is represented as 09;
K9: component type, such as: Column-C, Beam-B, Floor-F,…;
K10-12: quantity coding;
K13-14: Operation status, this column belongs to the status column and is updated with the status of RFID collection information, such as storage
Phase-CC, installation phase-AZ,…;
K15-17: Expansion area.
(2) The component transportation stage. In the component transportation stage, it is mainly to implant the RFID chip on the transportation vehicle, collect the transportation status of the vehicle at any time, seek the shortest distance and the shortest time route, so as to effectively reduce the transportation cost and speed up the project progress.
(3) Access and storage management stage of components and parts. After the card reader in the access control system receives the entry information of the transport vehicle, it immediately informs the relevant personnel to conduct the entry inspection and on-site acceptance. After the acceptance is passed, it is transported to the designated location and stacked in accordance with the regulations, and the presence information of the components is entered into the RFID chip , In order to check the presence information and usage of the components in the future.
(4) The component hoisting stage. Ground staff and construction machinery operators each hold readers and displays, and the ground staff read the relevant information of the components, and the results are displayed on the display. The machine operators perform hoisting in order according to the information on the display, which saves time and effort in one step. . In addition, the use of RFID technology can achieve precise positioning in a small area, quickly locate and arrange transportation vehicles, and improve work efficiency.
3. The integrated application of BIM and RFID in the construction process management of construction projects
In modern information management systems, BIM and RFID belong to two systems-construction control and material supervision. Combine BIM and RFID technology to establish a modern information technology platform (The architecture of the construction process management system for construction projects based on BIM and RFID is shown in Figure (4). That is, two attributes are added to the database of the BIM model-location attributes and The progress attribute allows us to obtain the position information and progress information of the component in the model in the software application. The specific application is as follows:
(1) Component production and transportation stage. With the database established by the BIM model as the data foundation, the information collected by RFID is transmitted to the basic database in time, and is matched with the model through the defined location attributes and schedule attributes. In addition, through the RFID feedback information, it can accurately predict whether the components can enter the site as planned, and make a comparison analysis between the actual progress and the planned progress. If there is a deviation, adjust the schedule or construction process in a timely manner to avoid the accumulation of work or components. And the situation of venue and capital occupation.
(2) Component admission and on-site management stage. When the component enters the site, the component information read by the RFID Reader is transferred to the database and matched with the position attribute and the progress attribute in the BIM model to ensure the accuracy of the information; at the same time, through the position attribute of the component defined in the BIM model, It can clearly show the location of each component. When components or materials are stored, the components should be stacked point-to-point to avoid secondary handling.
(3) The component hoisting stage. If there is only a BIM model, simply relying on manual input of hoisting information is not only easy to make mistakes but also not conducive to the timely transmission of information; if there is only RFID, only component information can be viewed in the database, abstract imagination through two-dimensional drawings, and personal supervisors Judgment, the results may vary. BIM-RFID is conducive to the timely transmission of information, and presents timely progress comparison and second calculation comparison from the specific three-dimensional view.
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