Application of RFID Radio Frequency Identification Technology in Tool Management of Intelligent Manufacturing Factory
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1. Industry background of tool management
Intelligent manufacturing CNC machines have become mainstream equipment in machining workshops in machinery and other industries. Generally, small CNC machining workshops have as many as thousands of tools, plus its supporting parts, the total number is tens of thousands, and there are hundreds of varieties. With the sharp increase in the number and types of tools, standard and non-standard tools of various types and specifications coexist in the production workshop, and a large number of tools frequently flow and exchange between the tool warehouse and the machine and machine equipment. At present, domestic processing workshops mostly rely on manual methods and paper bar codes to manage tools. Paper barcodes are easily stained in an oily environment, and tool life can only be judged by experience. Due to the lack of tools, many machining processes are stopped, and machine operators need to spend a lot of time looking for tools. With the increase in the types of intelligent manufacturing CNC machines and the types of new products, the existing tool management solutions can no longer meet the demand, so radio frequency technology (RFID) is introduced.
RFID is a non-contact automatic identification technology that emerged in the 1990s. It has fast scanning, small size, anti-pollution ability and durability, reusable, penetrating and barrier-free reading, large data memory capacity and safety It has strong characteristics, so it has huge application potential in production data collection, monitoring, and data transmission. This article is based on radio frequency technology, installs the RFID chip on the tool handle, realizes the collection and management of tool information, and reduces the overall production cost.
2. The status quo and needs of the tool management industry
Experts engaged in tool management research at home and abroad have developed many tool management software, but they cannot meet all the requirements of tool management. The existing tool management has the following problems:
①It is impossible to analyze the records and data of the entire life cycle of the tool, but to realize the collection and monitoring of the tool information at the time point, and the data when it is not processed can not be obtained;
②Traditional tool management lacks M2M information interaction and cannot realize integrated management;
③The existing tool management plan is aimed at meeting production needs, and the cost of the tool throughout its life cycle is not considered.
In order to solve the above problems and realize the goal of more intelligent automation in the manufacturing industry, it is urgent to introduce new RFID radio frequency identification technology to manage tool information. During the machining process, intelligent management is carried out for the use of the tool in the machine, and the tool parameters are transferred to the machine, so that the tool is added to the machine tool magazine for the processing program to call. When the tool processing is completed, the production time of the tool is written into the RFID of the tool to realize the functions of real-time tool information collection and tool status tracking.
3. Operation process of tool information management system
Tool information management system refers to the use of radio frequency technology, CNC and RFID electronic tag readers based on the communication between the machine equipment (such as intelligent manufacturing CNC machines, tool setting instruments, etc.) and RFID readers in the manufacturing unit Adopt serial communication technology to realize the information monitoring and storage management of the tool during its life cycle. The entire life cycle of a tool generally includes planning, purchasing, marking, warehousing, lending, assembling, using, returning, regrinding, scrapping, etc. This article adopts the RFID electronic tag specially designed for cutting tools by Shanghai Yingxin. The knife handle is shown in Figure 1. The time for RFID to read and write the tag is 500ms.
The prerequisite for machine tool management is that the tools have been grouped, and the tools have been set by the tool setter. In order to realize the corresponding functions of the tool, the machine needs to initialize the tool magazine and write the tool processing time into the tool holder RFID. Because the reading and writing distance of high-frequency RFID is relatively short, when reading and writing the RFID of the tool holder, the antenna must be close to the RFID electronic tag through a pneumatic device.
(1) Initialization of the machine tool magazine
To realize the intelligent transmission of CNC tool information, we must first rely on intelligent manufacturing of CNC machines. In order to ensure that the tool is automatically loaded into the tool magazine when the tool is loaded into the machine, and the tool parameters are read from the RFID electronic tag into the machine tool magazine, the machine tool magazine needs to be initialized. The specific process is described as follows:
① When the machine has a tool change, the machine needs to control the cutter head to rotate one week (see figure), and reinitialize all the tools to the machine tool magazine;
②The following operations are required for each tool: CNC drives the cylinder to lift the RFID electronic tag reader through instructions. After the cylinder is in place, the CNC obtains the inductive switch status and starts the RFID electronic tag reader to work; the cylinder status is maintained for 500ms, and the CNC passes through the serial port. The communication drives the RFID reader to read the RFID chip of the tool holder; the cylinder is retracted, and the CNC detects that the cylinder magnetic induction switch is in place, and the tool continues to run;
③Functions that need to be controlled: add a button to the CNC operation interface, and the cutter head will automatically rotate one circle every time the button is pressed to ensure that the tool can rotate one circle each time the tool is changed, and the machine tool magazine is initialized; it is not allowed to directly install the tool on the machine. The tool magazine handle.
(2) Tool production time record
When unloading (group) the tool, the tool production (processing time) will be written into the tool management system. The process of writing the machining time of the machine into the RFID of the tool holder is as follows:
①Before unloading or grouping the tools, the machine records the used tools, rotates the cutter head, and writes the tool processing time one by one;
②The cylinder state is maintained for 500ms, and the CNC drives the RFID reader through serial communication and writes the RFID chip of the tool holder;
③Retract the cylinder, CNC detects that the cylinder magnetic induction switch is in place, and the cutter head continues to rotate.
To ensure the smooth operation of the above program, a button needs to be added to the CNC operation interface. Before unloading the tool or after grouping the tools, press the button once to make the machine rotate one circle, and write the tool usage time, and finally complete the tool life control. Pay attention to the operating specifications when operating the program process. The program process is shown in Figure 3.
(3) Tool data storage in RFID chip
Tool code is the important information to determine the uniqueness of the tool’s identity. It is written into RFID, and each tool is managed through the tool code. When writing the corresponding program, the nominal diameter, nominal length and corresponding program of the tool can be determined according to the specification and model of the tool, and then the corresponding diameter compensation and length compensation can be given according to the actual situation. Since the same tool can be installed on different machines, and the same machine can process different products, abnormalities may also occur when processing products, so the above processing information needs to be displayed during processing. It can be controlled by the program to display the tool code, processed products, product quantity, abnormal information, etc., and the tool code, tool life, tool used time and other information in the RFID record.
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