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1. The application and benefits of RFID technology in my country
In recent years, with the popularization and application of RFID technology. The scale of China’s RFID market is showing a good development trend. China’s RFID applications are mainly concentrated in the mid- and low-frequency fields, where the working frequency is less than 30MHz), and has been applied to a certain scale in the fields of identification, security access control, electronic ticketing, and transportation. my country’s high-frequency RFID (working frequency greater than 400MHz) application has many traces of government participation, and the overall scale is not large. The most typical application cases are the Ministry of Railways Vehicle Dispatching System (ATIS), the customs automatic inspection and release system and highway automatic Charging system.
In the national railway dispatching and statistical system, 550,000 cars and locomotives have been equipped with passive RFID tags: high-speed companies in the northeast provinces have begun to try to use RFID for network charging; Shanghai Municipal Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau has also applied RFID to The city’s 160,000 liquefied petroleum gas cylinders, 10,000 highly toxic chemical containers, 100,000 boxes of smoked firecrackers and 40,000 taxi on-board taximeters are electronically tracked. The Ministry of Railways, Hong Kong Airport, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Sichuan I government, China National Heavy Duty Truck Corporation, Hangzhou Cigarette Factory and Kunming Tobacco Company have taken the lead in adopting RFID technology and have obtained tangible benefits.
China’s high-frequency RFID applications are relatively small. Mainly concentrated on pilot projects of government departments. However, with the gradual decline of label prices and the gradual improvement of the industry application environment, it is expected to be around 2008. Logistics and supply chain management will become important development areas of RFID, and the entire high-frequency RFID market will be greatly promoted.
Around 2010, RFID began to be applied in the retail industry, and China’s RFID market will usher in explosive growth. With the gradual promotion of applications, the proportion of high-frequency systems in the overall RFID market will continue to expand.
In addition to fast and accurate data acquisition and collection, RFID has the following benefits: First, it combines the process of goods delivery with the process of invoice processing, that is, automatically matches the entire delivery and payment or collection process, saving companies A lot of time and cost; second, you can control the store’s inventory, negotiate with the manufacturer, cash on delivery, reduce the backlog of deposits, and reduce financial expenses; j is to play its monitoring function, such as in the retail industry. It can be foolproof when performing technical inspections. Companies can use RFID to monitor whether the companies they entrusted have actually inspected: In addition, in harsh environments such as broken products, dusty or inside containers, barcodes cannot be used, and RFID technology can monitor whether the assets are returned to the company in time. Whether the information collected by the third party is accurate, etc.
The Ministry of Railways (FATIS) is the first system to apply RFID in my country. It is also the system with the widest application of RFID. As early as the mid-1990s. The Ministry of Railways has finally determined that RFID technology is the best solution to “automatically copying truck numbers” during the construction of China’s railway car number automatic identification system. After adopting RFID technology, the railway vehicle management system has realized real-time statistics and automation, and reduced management costs. According to related reports, after automatic number copying, the annual direct economic benefit of freight logistics reaches more than 300 million yuan. For another example, the vehicle intelligent electronic tags fully implemented by China National Heavy Duty Truck Company integrate the production, supply, sales and after-sales service of the entire vehicle into one, thereby realizing the information management of the entire vehicle logistics. Adopting this brand-new management model can not only completely solve some problems in vehicle production, inventory management and sales management. It can also effectively overcome the difficult-to-master phenomena in after-sales service, quality tracking and claims.
2. Overview of my country’s RFID industry chain construction
The entire RFID industry chain includes 7 aspects: standard formulation, chip design and manufacturing, antenna design and manufacturing, chip packaging, development and production of read-write equipment, system integration and data management software platform, and application system development.
In terms of standard setting. The National Standards Commission has united 14 ministries and commissions including the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Information Industry, and the Shanghai Institute of Standardization to conduct research on China’s RFID standards and will form the “China RFID Development Technology Self-Paper”. Now, my country has completed the drafting of the draft standard for animal application RFID. In terms of chip design and manufacturing. At present, Shanghai Huahong, Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics, Shanghai Belling and other enterprises have stepped into it. In August 2004. China has introduced ultra-high frequency chips; in antenna design and manufacturing. The 50th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group and other professional institutes are conducting research on antennas of different frequency bands: In terms of reading and writing equipment, Shanghai Huashen Intelligent and Shenzhen Yuanwanggu are both conducting research and development, and have developed 900M RFID. UHF reader/writer; in system integration and data management software platform. Shanghai Jiaotong University and AUTO-ID China Laboratory have cooperated with SAP and are developing electronic label middleware: In terms of application system development, Shanghai Haiding is developing the application of RFID in the commercial circulation field. Shanghai General Satellite Navigation Co., Ltd. is trying to apply RFID to aviation logistics management, and Shanghai International Port is currently testing the application of RFID in container management. in addition. Beijing Weishen Electronics, Jiangsu Ruifu and Jiangsu Shengke also participated in RFID testing technology. The Ministry of Science and Technology is jointly building national electronic tag testing, providing the latest RFID technology testing and application testing. Provide demonstrations and services for industry applications.
National information security is above all else, and this core should be firmly grasped in the formulation of RFID standards. The core issues related to national security in the RFID standard are coding rules, transmission protocols, and central databases. We must be vigilant against information aggression, and the country must grasp the initiative in the development of electronic tags. The use of RFID is inseparable from the central database. Whoever controls the central database of product information and the registration and password issuance rights of electronic tags will obtain the ownership of all products, product identities, product structures, logistics and market information. Without independent intellectual property rights of RFID coding standards, chips and core technology, there can be no real information security. Take the use of EPCglobal as an example. The central database of the EPC system is in Meiyu, and the US Department of Defense is a strong supporter of EPC~obal. If my country uses the EPCglobal coding system, the information about our materials will be controlled by the United States, which will obviously be It has caused major hidden dangers to the operation of my country’s national economy, information security and even national defense security.
The frequency band of RFID that our country has planned is 50kHz-190kHz, the high-frequency band is 13.56MHz plus or minus 7kHz, and there is 432MHz-434.79MHz. All indicators of these open frequency bands are based on our country’s technical requirements for micro-power (short-range) radio equipment. Another frequency band planned by my country is 900MHz, 910MHz, 910, and 1MHz. These three frequencies have been widely used in train vehicle identification. The use in this area has been very successful. However, these frequencies were temporarily used by the Ministry of Railways before 2005. So far, the use period has expired, so the new equipment catalogue no longer approves. The original culprit is no longer re-approved because we have interfered with existing radio services during the course of use. Therefore, the same family is considering further technical considerations for this section of frequency planning, otherwise the interference to my country’s public mobile communications will be very large, and we are also working on frequency planning in this area. However, after it is done, it is also applied specifically to the identification of trains and vehicles, and will not be applied to other places. The other frequency band is 5,725GHz-5.850GHz, which is used for non-stop toll management. It is also the RFID frequency specially planned by our country.
At present, many companies that have entered the RFID industry chain are companies that were originally engaged in the bar code industry. These companies will undoubtedly transplant their successful experience in the bar code industry into the field of RFID electronic tags. Experts believe that although RFID has a bright future, RFID cannot completely replace traditional bar code technology. In a considerable period of time. RFID electronic tags will coexist with commodity barcode technology.
Three, RFID application cases in my country
1.Railway Car Number Automatic Recognition System
The railway car number automatic identification system (fATIS) is the earliest system in my country to apply RFID, and it is also the system with the widest application of RFID. The “ATIS” (Automatic Railway Number Identification System) developed by Shenzhen Yuanwanggu for the Ministry of Railways can collect locomotive and vehicle operating status data in real time and accurately, such as locomotive number, number, status, location, destination and arrival. Time and other information. Track rolling stock in real time. At present, Shenzhen Yuanwanggu’s automatic train number recognition system has spread to 18 railway bureaus and more than 70,000 kilometers of railway lines across the country. Including large enterprises that have their own railway lines and spare vehicles, they also widely use automatic vehicle number recognition systems for vehicle transportation and dispatch management.
The automatic vehicle number recognition system can provide consistent basic data information for the internal transportation dispatch management and departmental management activities of the locomotive turnaround section. therefore. Combined with the specific management requirements of the locomotive turn-back section, on the basis of the automatic identification system of the vehicle number, various application functions of H{ can be developed, and scientific data statistics, data query and data analysis can be performed, so that the application effect of the system can be fully exerted , Which makes the transportation activities of the turn-back section gradually move towards the unified Xieyuan, reducing various auxiliary time related to the transportation of the turn-back section. Thereby improving the management efficiency of the locomotive turn-back section, saving production and transportation costs.
The XC vehicle number automatic identification system adopts microwave radio frequency technology, computer technology and network technology, and can process the collected vehicle number data and transmit it to the transportation management information center through the computer network. The railway car number automatic identification system is composed of four parts: on-board equipment, ground equipment, network transmission equipment and data processing system (Ministry of Railways central database, data processing software, etc.). Among them, ATIS on-board equipment consists of locomotive electronic tags, locomotive tag programmers, and vehicle tags.
The direct benefits that ATIS can bring to railway transportation are mainly reflected in three aspects: First, the accurate settlement of truck occupancy fees, which avoids the loss of truck occupancy fees. It can increase revenue for the Ministry of Railways by nearly 300 million yuan each year; secondly, with the “5T” system, it can accurately predict and track the faults of operating vehicles based on the number of vehicles, vehicle numbers, and vehicle end positions. For example, for a single THDS (Infrared Axle Temperature Detection System), there is no train number or vehicle number information, and the number of accidentally deducted or dumped vehicles is as high as 10,000 (that is, 10,000 rows) each year, which disrupts the order of driving. The economic benefits are immeasurable.
third. System information provides real-time and accurate basic data for train real-time tracking and electronic assurance system, which is beneficial to railway site management and vehicle scheduling, and improves railway transportation efficiency. In the past, the transcribing and summarizing of car numbers was done manually using dictation, notes, and hand-copying. There were many errors and omissions, low efficiency, and high labor intensity. The missing copy of the car number caused a large loss of the Ministry of Railway’s truck occupancy fee. In addition, the number of road trucks is huge and the vehicles are scattered all over the country. The Ministry of Railways needs to deploy a lot of manpower and material resources to conduct inventory and inventory every year, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.
2.Customs vehicle automatic release system
Customs is the bridge and link that increasingly connects domestic and overseas. For the country shoulders the important task of security and anti-smuggling inspections. The daily traffic volume of vehicles at customs gates is large, which can easily cause instantaneous blockage of the gates, which brings unnecessary troubles to the management of the gates. Yuanwanggu Company promotes the H{ automatic customs vehicle release system using radio frequency identification technology to automatically identify passing vehicles. It can effectively improve the efficiency of gate passage and track and manage various vehicles passing through the border. The system includes automotive electronic identification reading and writing system, image lT station, monitoring computer, and lane control equipment. When a vehicle or container truck enters the channel. ? When detected by the entrance sensor, the reader will be activated. The reader reads the electronic tag on the windshield of the car at a distance of 7-10 meters and within 0.5 seconds to verify the validity of the legal identity of the vehicle. The reading and writing equipment outside the vehicle is generally connected to the vehicle information management system, and can exchange information in real time through the vehicle information management system. If necessary, an instruction can be issued to prohibit the vehicle from passing through. The read-write device outside the vehicle can also work offline without networking, read the vehicle electronic tag information, and use the blacklist stored in the machine to compare and take necessary measures. When leaving the monitoring area, the mouth sensor detects the vehicle. Clear the content on the electronic vehicle display (option), turn off the automatic railing (option), and submit the entry and exit vehicle data to the information management system.
Fourth, the problems in RFID applications
When governments and enterprises adopt RFID technology, there are also certain shortcomings and hidden worries. For example, the automatic vehicle number recognition system of the Ministry of Railways is currently closed and cannot be connected to other systems. If the system is open. It will help promote the informatization and standardization of the entire logistics industry, facilitate the more effective application of RFID technology, and facilitate the effective integration of logistics and information.
Due to working at low frequencies and limited by the material of the poster, the recognition effect is easily affected when some interference problems such as wear, water seal, or magnetization are encountered, even when batches of products pass through the API recognition device at the same time. It is also very possible that H{ is now lost or misread. Although Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Sichuan I have engraved electronic tags on live pigs and pork, for citizens, there are certain problems in the price and electronic tag reading. The Hong Kong Airport Authority has also failed to gain general support from airlines for the RFID program due to high costs and low reading rates. It will take time for the test to succeed, and the formal operation is nowhere in sight.delicious
The Hong Kong Airport Authority has a huge business demand for RFID technology: With the continuous increase of passenger traffic at Hong Kong International Airport, the baggage conveying system in use has been approaching saturation. To ensure that the airport’s final processing capacity reaches 87 million passengers per year (that is, 240,000 passengers per day), it is necessary to adopt RFID technology instead. The Hong Kong Airport Authority’s RFID program was originally intended to be launched in early 2005. However, it was “stranded” because it did not receive general support from airlines. The Hong Kong Airport Authority believes that the reason for this result is that the cost of the tags used at this stage is too expensive. The Hong Kong Airport Authority is currently handling the barcode tags for baggage transportation. Each price is only 15 to 25 cents, but the cost of using RFID is several times higher than the former, so it is difficult to persuade airlines to cooperate in adopting RFID technology. On the other hand, the Hong Kong Airport Authority is testing the system, volume The successful reading rate is only 85%, and the effect is not ideal. To a certain extent, this hinders the enthusiasm of airlines to cooperate with them. The relevant person in charge of the Hong Kong Airport Authority stated that only a reading rate of 97% or more can be accepted by airlines.
These problems are the problems that RFID has to face in the promotion process. Even the world’s largest retailer, Wal-Mart Group, the United States, has not been able to reconcile this contradiction, which eventually led to a slowdown in the RFID application plan, and the domestic retailer Wumart The group also shouted more and done less on RFID technology, and did not really apply it.
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