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With the increasingly severe international anti-terrorism situation, the continuous occurrence of various aviation emergencies, and the holding of large-scale international events such as the Olympic Games and the World Expo in China, airport safety has once again become the focus of attention. As a public place of a major transportation hub, the airport is a major transportation hub. With the rapid increase in passenger and cargo turnover, how to ensure the safety of passengers and cargo? How to ensure the safety of airport facilities? How to optimize the flow of personnel and cargo transshipment? How to use technical means How to improve the efficiency of handling emergencies? How to improve the ability to dispatch a large number of people and goods? How to coordinate and maintain the normal work of many agencies such as airport operating companies, airlines, public security, national security, border inspections, etc.? Is an urgent need to solve problem.
In order to ensure that it can provide continuous and efficient aviation services, modern airports need to establish a complete security and communication management system to actively prevent the occurrence of illegal and special incidents. When there is an emergency, the safety system can have intelligent judgment and emergency command functions to reduce the adverse effects and losses caused by the incident on aviation.
Airports have higher requirements for security and communication management, namely, one-stop security communication solutions, including security systems (video monitoring, anti-theft alarm, access control, etc.) and communication sound reinforcement systems (public broadcasting, conference systems, professional audio, etc.) In addition to many products such as the intercom system, a series of technologically advanced security communication products and application solutions are continuously adopted to maximize the utility of technological investment while protecting the current and future investment interests of airport users.
Three major technological trends in airport security construction
Safety, capacity, and efficiency are the three core areas of airport management. How to combine the advantages of human, technology and material as much as possible to strengthen security to the greatest extent and improve the efficiency of management and operation has become the airport’s new expectations for the security system. . The specific methods are: system digitization, monitoring intelligence and business integration.
Digital system breaks through application bottlenecks
Due to the difficulty of resource sharing in analog systems and the high cost of system expansion, many newly built or expanded airports in China have already partially or fully used digital systems. With the construction of the airport information network, the advantages of the digital system, which is not restricted by region, easy to expand, and convenient for information sharing and authority distribution, can be brought into full play. The communication system based on the IP network is very suitable for the back-end management of airport security communication with multiple areas, multiple departments and huge applications, which improves the efficiency of management while improving the safety factor.
Intelligent means to improve early warning capabilities
“High starting point, no end point” is the airport’s requirements for security systems. “High starting point” means that the airport security system requires very advanced and stable technology; “No destination” reflects the never-ending requirements of the airport for “safety”, and the airport is a field with “zero tolerance” for safety. Its requirements for security have been far removed from the purpose of “forensics after the fact” in many fields, but have become passive to active. Active prevention has become very important. Its intelligent video analysis system has improved the early warning capability for active prevention of airport security.
Multi-system collaboration improves operational efficiency
Airport security communications generally include multiple systems, such as access control, video surveillance, burglar alarm, broadcasting, intercom, etc. A single system cannot meet the high requirements of airport security and communications, and these systems must be effectively integrated. Different systems can be selected and combined organically according to needs. Each has its own focus, is relatively independent and complementary to each other, and joint defenses, thus forming a complete system with multiple means and multiple lines of defense.
Comprehensive security management solution
Intuitive digital video surveillance
The airport area is often hundreds of thousands or even millions of square meters, with a wide range and numerous buildings. As the eyes of the airport, the video system monitors all conditions within the airport and ensures that airport security, as an unwritten rule says, “to ensure that passengers must always be monitored from entering the airport to boarding.” To do this, the front-end monitoring points must be very dense to ensure that there are no dead ends.
The video surveillance system of most large international airports generally consists of the terminal subsystem, the cargo station subsystem, the flight area subsystem, the catering center subsystem, the baggage sorting subsystem, the parking garage subsystem, the oil depot subsystem, and the road traffic subsystem. The system consists of eight parts. These eight subsystems work independently, monitor different areas, and undertake different tasks. However, due to the particularity of the airport, the internal airport operation, fire control, passenger service, aviation control, security inspection, inspection and quarantine, customs, public security, national security and other institutions need to set up monitoring centers. In order to achieve the interconnection of information, video surveillance The system must be connected as a whole. Among them, the digital video surveillance system provides a flexible and stable solution for the airport. The main features of the system are as follows.
Reasonably adopt different types of cameras for different places. For example, an integrated dome camera with infrared lighting camera and anti-shake is used in harsh environments such as airplane runways to realize three-dimensional monitoring of the runway from day to night, from the ground to the air; at the entrance and exit of the terminal, it is best to be equipped with wide dynamics The camera can not only obtain clear and stable images in scenes with obvious contrast of light intensity, and ensure color reproduction; in a wide area, such as an airport fence, smart dome cameras are used to not only realize large-area monitoring, but also track moving targets. .
The system is based on a computer network, each video subsystem is relatively independent, but they are connected to each other to establish a two-way video/data communication, with both video and alarm functions. If a security incident occurs in the terminal building, multiple functional departments (such as operations, passenger service, public security, etc.) will be involved, and the monitoring centers of each functional department will take measures that meet their own functions according to the on-site situation. For example, public security personnel directly go to the site to control the situation The operation department adjusts the operation plan, and the passenger service personnel conducts measures such as diversion of irrelevant passengers. Personnel from different functional departments can also communicate through the communication system, cooperate with each other, and effectively reduce the adverse impact of the incident to a minimum;
Taking into account the particularity of the airport, the system has designed the highest operational level emergency command and monitoring control center and the monitoring center according to the daily operation needs of different organizations. The monitoring center is responsible for the management and control of the daily operation of the airport. According to the different functions, airport operations, passenger services, aviation control, security, inspection and quarantine, customs, public security, national security and other monitoring centers are responsible for real-time monitoring and control of people, objects, and buildings in their own areas, and keep them for a long time (1 (More than a month) continuous video recording in order to obtain evidence afterwards. The emergency command center is responsible for the command and dispatch of aircraft emergencies (such as aircraft failure, hijacking, explosive threats, etc.) and non-aircraft emergencies (such as explosive threats, fires, natural disasters, etc.). The video surveillance system of the emergency command center has the highest level of operation, combined with multiple security communication systems, so that commanders can clearly understand the situation on the spot, conduct unified command, quickly mobilize personnel from different systems and organizations, and respond to emergencies;
Double encoding technology and distributed storage structure are adopted to meet the requirements of real-time monitoring and recording for video resolution, and fully consider balancing network bandwidth;
The use of “network automatic filling” and iSCSI redundancy technology provides video storage redundancy for both front and back ends to ensure the reliability of video storage. “Network automatic filling” technology not only has a built-in hard disk or an external disk array in the front-end encoder, when the digital network fails, the image of the corresponding camera is automatically stored, and when the network is restored, the image is automatically uploaded to the central storage system, which makes up for it well. The traditional central storage solution is insufficient to lose video when the network fails. iSCSI redundancy technology means that a certain camera preferentially uses a certain iSCSI for recording. When the iSCSI fails, the remaining iSCSI can be automatically allocated as backup iSCSI by the system, avoiding the loss of camera recording due to individual iSCSI failures.
Intelligent video analysis to improve early warning capabilities
In the face of the huge flow of people and vehicles at the airport, how to effectively diversify and keep it in order? Traditional security equipment is difficult to play an effective early warning function, and the use of intelligent video analysis functions can effectively improve early warning capabilities and prevent hazardous events happened.
Certain important passages and entrances, such as terminal entrances and exits, use the flow statistics function to count the flow of people in real time. When the flow of people exceeds a certain limit, the system will automatically alarm to assist the management personnel to clear the scene to avoid congestion; some important roads, For example, when the vehicle is driving in the reverse direction, the system automatically alarms and prompts the management personnel to intervene to avoid traffic jams and traffic accidents; certain important areas, such as aviation fuel depots and On the apron, use the cross-border alarm function to set the early warning area and alarm area around the oil depot and the apron. When someone enters the early warning area, the system automatically warns the management staff to check the scene; when the person enters the alarm area, the system will automatically The alarm reminds the management staff to deal with the alarm in time.
High security level entrance and exit management
Due to the large area of the airport, there are many entrances and exits that need to be controlled, such as the perimeter passage door of the flight area, the gate of the boarding gallery and the two-level access protection of the boarding gate, office area, internal staff passage, equipment room, equipment monitoring room, etc. Different areas have different control requirements, including airport management, VIP, airline personnel, customs personnel, border inspection personnel, health and anti-epidemic personnel, temporary workers and other different types of staff entering and exiting different areas at different times. Therefore, the system should fully meet the different use requirements of various personnel and the high security requirements of important places. The intelligent access control system is specifically designed for high-security places at airports, and has designed many high-level access rights management functions for safe access, as follows:
Accompanying principle: For example, in important places such as the command center, a cardholder cannot open the door by swiping the card. The door can only be opened with the authorization of a high-level person or accompanied by other personnel. This effectively eliminates potential risks and ensures the safety of the command center;
Anti-submarine return function: such as employee passage, after reading the card to open the door, if you do not go out, you can no longer enter;
Time zone management: such as the boarding bridge, the system customizes the effective time period, and no personnel are allowed to enter outside the effective time period;
Elevator control: such as an employee elevator, the employee holds the smart card authorized by the system to reach the authorized floor;
Random inspections: such as hangars, according to the proportion of system settings, random inspections of maintenance personnel out of the warehouse can not only prevent maintenance personnel from taking out important parts and endanger the safety of the aircraft, but also achieve the purpose of fair inspection;
Visitor management: For a large number of visitors at the airport, using the visitor management function can strengthen the safety management of restricted areas and improve the efficiency of visitor management. The system produces and issues temporary certificates, establishes a visit database, records visitor photos and other information, records visit department information, reception and escort information, and passage areas.
Three-dimensional perimeter safety precautions
As the first line of defense, the airport perimeter security system has a very important position and requires multiple measures such as blocking, delaying, detecting and responding, and reporting. However, the perimeter of the airport often stretches for more than ten or even dozens of kilometers, and the environment is complicated (the inside may be close to the police area or the cargo transportation road; the outside may be grassland, roads, farmland, ditches, sea water, etc.).
It is very difficult to guard the perimeter. It is difficult for a single detection device to meet the requirements. It is necessary to use detection devices of multiple technologies to form a three-dimensional protection and detection network. In this one-stop solution, a four-beam long-distance infrared beam detector can be used, combined with a vibration cable and a video analysis system, to form a perimeter alarm system with a three-dimensional protective net, which serves as the first line of defense. effect.
Three-level regional protection: namely, early warning zone, alarm zone, and exit zone. Set a range outside the perimeter as an early warning area to remind you of unintentionally approaching the fence; set the perimeter as an alarm area to alarm the target’s intrusion process; set up a police area inside the perimeter, and immediately dispatch an illegal intrusion beyond the perimeter boundary Police force;
Three-dimensional protection: low-altitude, ground and underground three-dimensional alarms. Use intelligent video analysis for low-altitude detection, alarm for intrusions such as parabolic, overflight and low-altitude aircraft; use infrared camera detectors and vibration cables for ground (fence) detection, and alarm for intrusions such as climbing and sabotage; use vibration Optical fiber and other detection equipment can detect the underground of the enclosure and alarm the intrusion of the ground;
Combination of on-site warning and handling: Set up sound and light alarm equipment in the perimeter. When an alarm occurs, the on-site sound and light equipment will be activated to warn intruders. At the same time, the alarm was sent to the command center, and the management personnel immediately activated the police plan after receiving the alarm.
Efficient integrated management
Managers always keep an eye on the operation of each security system not only is inefficient, but also causes a lot of waste of resources. A unified and integrated management platform has become the key to solving the problem. It can be said that the security integration system will be an ideal choice for airport security and airport platforms, enabling airport access control, CCTV monitoring, alarm, broadcasting and other systems to easily achieve linkage and cooperation.
Based on the concept of alarm/event integration: each airport security system operates independently, and the back-end integration platform can integrate various security system alarms/events;
Relevant information and linkage will not affect the stable operation of each system, but can also achieve efficient management and timely response; in the event of a fire, the security integration platform will immediately display the fire alarm information, and the evacuation channel will automatically pop up on the electronic map; according to the preset According to the predetermined plan, the access control of the corresponding area will be automatically released, and the live camera video will automatically pop up to show the on-site situation; once the authenticity of the alarm information is confirmed, the broadcast system will automatically play the pre-recorded evacuation notice, and the dispatch system will direct the fire fighting. The entire linkage process was completed in one go, with a full response to ensure smooth and rapid evacuation, and minimize losses;
Intuitive display and operation: BIS client terminal displays all alarm information of the airport security system. Use the customized CAD vector electronic map to intuitively understand the status changes of each security equipment, and realize the remote control of important security equipment;
Friendly interface: Provides a real-time data exchange interface to facilitate data exchange between multiple systems in the airport, such as personnel information; adopts an OPC interface that conforms to industrial standards, which is easy to integrate and use for other application systems.
Rich communication and dispatching methods
Comprehensive information broadcasting
The broadcasting system of the airport is much more complicated than the broadcasting system in the general commercial or exhibition buildings. It is not only responsible for various flight information notifications, but also considers the function of combining background music and fire emergency broadcasting. The digital broadcasting system, with its excellent performance, can be competent for various complex tasks of airport broadcasting.
Multiple priority levels: According to the priority requirements of the airport for various event notifications, it can be divided into a variety of different priorities such as fire evacuation, emergency command, business notification, flight information broadcast, routine broadcast, background music, etc., according to priority Carry out orderly work;
Redundant flight information integration: The broadcasting system automatically obtains flight dynamic information through the integrated information platform, but in order to improve the reliability of the system, the automatic broadcasting also has a very complete local flight information maintenance function as a redundant backup. At the same time, automatic broadcast realizes clock synchronization through the system clock and the flight information system;
Distributed intelligent system structure: According to the airport function zone, several subsystems are set up to independently complete the broadcasting functions required by this zone. At the same time, the various subsystems are connected through the airport backbone network to realize central management, monitoring and dispatching. It is not only conducive to the stable operation of the entire system, but also convenient for centralized management;
Stable and reliable emergency evacuation: The Praesideo digital broadcasting system complies with the latest international emergency broadcasting system standards, adopts line detection technology, and the equipment of the entire system is under the monitoring of the central controller in real time. In addition, a variety of redundant backup measures have been adopted in the system design, such as optical fiber redundant loop design, central controller backup and automatic switching, power amplifier backup, fire port redundancy, etc., to ensure that the system can also work in various unexpected situations. Can operate reliably.
Convenient internal communication scheduling
The airport has thousands of staff and hundreds of vehicles of various types, and daily command and dispatch work is very important. If traditional telephone and walkie-talkie systems are used to realize the dispatch of personnel and vehicles, for commanders, the dispatching method is single, repetitive work is more, and the work efficiency is low; after the task is assigned, it is not possible to accurately understand the on-site situation at any time, so it is still necessary to call Or ask the situation step by step through the walkie-talkie. In response to this situation, a command and dispatch system is adopted to provide a variety of liaison and communication methods, and dispatch facilities managed according to levels, to issue tasks in the fastest way, and to grasp the on-site situation in real time.
Combination of wired and wireless networks: The use of professional technology IP voice dispatch system, with wired and wireless networks to achieve dispatch coverage of all areas of the airport. The IP dispatcher of the dispatch center is responsible for voice communication, dispatching operations and instruction message forwarding; for mobile operators, such as baggage sorting and cargo transportation personnel, it is equipped with SCDMA mobile phones and wireless headsets, and is connected to the dispatching system through wireless networks; it is equipped with on-board vehicles All mobile terminals can participate in scheduling through voice and messages. For fixed operating points, such as various business counters and on-site offices of various units, access is achieved by installing scheduling software on PC terminals equipped with IP scheduling telephones;
One-click call: you can identify some frequently contacted users, such as total duty seats, TOC coordination management/coordination of airport hub operations, flight plan management seats, departure/arrival flight dynamic information management, outfield resource allocation management seats, flight agents , Flight zone boundary monitoring and management, navigation aid lighting monitoring and communication with the tower, etc., set these users as soft pass-through keys, and the overall duty can realize one-key calling;
A variety of calling methods: point-to-point, point-to-group calls are free to choose. Multi-level scheduling can be realized according to requirements;
Multi-system joint operation: By installing a video client in the dispatch center, visualized remote dispatching can be easily realized, greatly improving the efficiency of dispatching. In addition, CCS can also access the broadcast system to realize large-scale dispatch notifications.
Concluding remarks
An airport is no different from a small city. Various automation systems, such as building management automation, office and information management automation, seamless and perfect integration between communication and network system management automation, are vital to the airport’s safety and operational efficiency. . In addition, in addition to the use of first-class technology and investment in advanced facilities for airport security and daily operations, advanced management and operation concepts are also indispensable. The overall realization of all-round capability sublimation can fully realize the guiding ideology of airport safety, operation and efficiency.
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