The controllable management plan of RFID technology in the intensive breeding of dairy cows in Xinjiang
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Xinjiang is a major dairy farming province in China. According to statistics in 2009, Xinjiang has 2.5 million improved breeds and improved dairy cows, with a total milk output of 1.7 million tons, ranking first and fifth in the country, respectively. Although the number of cows ranks among the top in the country, milk production and output value are in the lower reaches of the country, 0.45 times the national average. The outstanding problem of this situation is that Xinjiang’s dairy cows have low yields and low feeding management water products and extensive feeding.
Electronic identification is an emerging radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology in recent years. The identification can be completed without physical contact between the electronic identification of the RFID system and the reader. It can achieve multi-target identification and moving target identification. It is used in a wide range of occasions and is widely used in many fields such as animal management. Therefore, intensive breeding based on RFID technology is the only way to raise dairy cows in Xinjiang. Scientific management, scientific breeding, and reduction of production costs are the fundamental way out for Xinjiang’s animal husbandry. The use of high-tech, intelligent feeding, and information management in cattle farms is also the way for Xinjiang’s animal husbandry. The inevitable trend of development. Therefore, speeding up the development of Xinjiang’s dairy industry is of great significance for promoting the development of the western region and the country’s dairy industry.
1 Insufficiency of traditional feeding management
The traditional breeding method is extensive feeding, which is house feeding, tethering, fixed bed and feeding trough. The silage, hay, roots, dregs and concentrated feed are fed to the cows respectively. The cows are milked 3 times a day, and the cows are fed 3 times in the trough. The disadvantage of the traditional feeding method is that the coarse feed and the concentrated feed are fed separately. The pH value of the rumen of dairy cows fluctuates greatly, which makes high-yielding dairy cows prone to insufficient dry matter intake, which leads to the prolonged recovery period of postpartum weight loss. Milk volume rises slowly or even drops, followed by reproductive disorders and metabolic diseases. Because the accuracy of roughage feeding is difficult to guarantee, it will cause waste of one or several types of feed. There is a lack of controllable management of all links in the feeding process of dairy cows.
2 RFID overview and application
In 1998, the European Union launched the “Animal Electronic Identification Project fIDEA”, which explored the feasibility of various identification systems for ruminants and determined the structure required to implement these systems. In October 2003, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Supervision Administration (USDA-APHIS) established a national electronic identification development team.
As an emerging RFID in recent years, electronic identification has been widely used in many fields such as animal management. Electronic signs are widely used in the field of radio frequency identification due to their small, thin, flexible, implantable characteristics and readable functions in a variety of materials. The application of electronic identification in the management of intensive dairy farming is a radio frequency identification with information storage and processing capabilities used to identify animal attributes. It uses a non-contact method to identify dairy cows, through data exchange with computers, and feeding management Personnel can immediately read all the files of the cow, such as breed, age, growth and development, milk production, milk production period, and medical history records, thereby providing an important basis for feeding management. Feeders can take control of the ratio of coarse, refined, and green feed to the cow according to the actual situation.
Electronic identification is the data carrier of the RFID system, which is composed of an identification antenna and a chip. When the electronic tag enters the sensing range of the reader, the reader will output energy to the electronic tag through the coupling unit to make it work, so as to realize the technology of contactless information transmission and recognition through the transmitted information. The reader is a device that reads and writes the data in the electronic identification, and its basic function is to provide a way for data transmission with the identification. The RF module of the reader generates high-frequency transmitting power to start the electronic identification to send commands to it and provide energy for it: the electronic identification returns the identifying data of the memory to the reader according to the received command from the reader The device can accurately identify cows within a distance of 40 to 60 cm and read all the cow’s information.
3 Controllable management model based on RFID technology
The controllable management model is shown in Figure 2. After the cow enters the milking trough, the electronic mark worn on the cow’s leg enters the radio frequency sensing range of the reader. At this time, the reader can immediately read all the individual attributes of the cow. , To identify dairy cows (the realization of this function is based on RFID technology), combined with the active database prompts of the intelligent management system, feeding managers can immediately give correct evaluations on the milk production, milk quality, and health of the dairy cows, and formulate Reasonable feeding management plan for the ration of coarse and concentrated feed for dairy cows. To ensure that the milk cows with high milk production get more concentrated feed supply, so that the milk cows in the prime of lactation can get a balanced feeding and nutrition, and ultimately increase the milk production of individual cows.
At present, in most dairy farms in Xinjiang, the individual characteristics, milk production, etc. of dairy cows are basically read and recorded by the breeders. The management is time-consuming and laborious, and there is a lack of efficient management methods for the management of herds of dairy cows. The manager of a dairy farm should not only go deep into the cowshed or herd to understand the situation, but also use data and information to master the basic situation of each cow and the whole herd of dairy cows, and guide production based on these data and information. The most basic requirements for standardized dairy farms. The adoption of RFID technology can greatly reduce the labor intensity of the breeders and improve the work efficiency. All the relevant data of the cows can be read only during the milking process. Currently based on RFID dairy cow intelligent management system. The foreign advanced electronic identification module integrates a cow pedometer, which can effectively monitor the estrus period of the cow, so that the best artificial insemination period of the cow can be grasped. The management system can automatically record the working data of various aspects of dairy cow feeding, such as cow card, genealogy, daily milk production, breeding, calving, growth and development, etc. The system can count the monthly milk production of individual cows and milk production during lactation. Analysis and summary on the basis of statistics, charts, lactation curves, etc., and observation and analysis at any time to solve problems in time.
Figure 1 RFID system composition
4 Daily management and control of dairy cow feeding
Figure 2 Controllable management model
4.1 Establish a recording and statistical system During the feeding process of dairy cows, efficient feeding management and breeding can be carried out based on RFID technology. For example, when selecting breeds, it is necessary to have materials such as cow growth and development, production performance, and genealogy records; only with mating records, can the expected date of the cow and the source of the calf be determined; the weight gain of the calf and the mother The cow’s milk production, milk protein rate, and body weight are recorded in order to correctly match the ration and carry out reasonable feeding management. Therefore, the establishment of a recording and statistical system is of great significance for the smooth implementation of breeding work and further improvement of the quality of the cattle herd.
4.2 Scientific feeding management The milk production of dairy cows is a quantitative trait genetically, controlled by multiple pairs of minor genes, and is greatly affected by the environment. Therefore, in addition to genetic factors, environmental factors should not be ignored in the increase of milk production in dairy cows. Dairy cows are a kind of high-yield animals that excrete a lot of nutrients from the body every day, so the cow’s diet should be high-quality feed. The milk production period of dairy cows is divided into: early lactation, full lactation, mid lactation, late lactation, and dry milk period. Therefore, different dietary nutrients should be supplemented according to different stages of lactation.
When the temperature rises in summer, dairy cows need less energy, and their requirements for minerals, multi-dimensional and protein increase. Therefore, in order to meet the nutritional needs of dairy cows in summer, the feed ratio should be adjusted. At the same time, more consideration should be given to adding some green and palatable feeds in the diet composition. In addition, it is necessary to increase the amount of salt fed to increase the appetite of the cows, prevent heatstroke and cool down, and effectively control the decline in milk production. Since there is less green feed in winter, it is necessary to relatively increase the content of nutrients such as vitamins and minerals in the feed. At the same time, it is necessary to do a good job of forage treatment and fine feed.
4.3 Monitoring before and after childbirth During the childbirth period, most of them only focus on the care of newborn calves and neglect the management of cows, which affects the reproductive function and milk production performance of dairy cows. After recognizing the attributes of dairy cows based on RFID technology, according to the date of insemination, the necessary prenatal care can be performed on the dairy cows in labor, such as washing the hip, vulva and breast with disinfectant, and timely adjustment of the postpartum feed ratio process to improve The milk production of a cow.
4.4 Comprehensive prevention and control of diseases During the milking process, milk quality and somatic cell electrolysis analysis of milk is used to detect dairy cow breast lesions in time to prevent breast infection and inflammation. The intelligent management system based on RFID technology plays a direct role in this link. The medical history of dairy cows and the disease occurrence cycle can be used to provide references for breeding managers to regularly inject various vaccines for dairy cows to prevent foot-and-mouth disease and bovine hemorrhagic sepsis and other infectious diseases, and actively prevent dairy cow mastitis and obstetric diseases. Establish independent files and conduct regular physical examinations, including serological examinations of healthy and sick cattle, and record them. It can also monitor the milk production of individual cows, the content of protein and somatic cells in the milk (that is, the quality of milk), health status, milk production indicators, etc.
5 Summary
Intensive breeding is the only way to raise dairy cows in Xinjiang. Scientific management, scientific breeding, and reduction of production costs are the fundamental way out for Xinjiang’s animal husbandry. The use of high-tech, intelligent feeding, and information management in cattle farms is also an inevitable trend in the development of Xinjiang’s animal husbandry. The application of RFID technology can bring Xinjiang’s cattle industry to a new level. The application of RFID management technology can realize the efficient and controllable management of dairy cows. At the same time, through the traceable management of individual dairy cows, it can increase the production and quality of milk and improve the economic benefits of dairy farms. After the dairy farm is implemented, it is expected that the system can be used to identify the attributes of individual dairy cows, strengthen immunization and quarantine work, and reduce the incidence of diseases. At the same time, the individual dairy cows can be tracked and managed to carry out fine feeding, reduce the feed-to-milk ratio, and increase the company’s Economic benefits will promote the development of dairy cattle breeding enterprises towards an intensive and modern model. This technology has good application prospects in Xinjiang and even the whole country, and it is of great significance to promote the development of Xinjiang’s animal husbandry.
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