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1 Overview
1.1 Project background
With the acceleration of urbanization, the construction of municipal public facilities has developed rapidly. Most of the power, communications and other departments have manhole covers managed by their own departments. Due to the expansion of the urban area, the wide range and large number of manhole covers have made supervision difficult, and the theft of manhole covers has become more and more rampant. According to statistics, the annual number of stolen manhole covers in general cities accounted for about 1% of the total, and cities with better municipal management also accounted for about 0.5%. In other words, the average number of manhole covers stolen a year in a medium-sized city is around 2,000 to 5,000. The theft and damage of these manhole covers affected the normal function of the facility and caused huge direct and indirect losses. Theft prevention of manhole covers has become a huge problem plaguing municipal construction.
In April 2013, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued a notice on further strengthening the safety management of urban manhole covers, requiring the implementation of digital management of manhole covers in urban water supply, drainage, gas, heating, real estate (property), electricity, telecommunications, radio and television and other departments. To realize effective supervision of social resources and ensure the personal safety of the people. Although the management requirements of municipal manhole covers are very clear, the current manhole cover management is mostly manual inspection, and the maintenance, anti-theft, and inspection and remediation work is not efficient. How to ensure that the manhole cover facilities can be maintained in a timely manner? Investigation is an important subject of urban street management.
1.2 Demand analysis
The prominent problems in the development of municipal manhole cover management mainly include:
A. The supervision area is too wide to prevent in place at all times, low efficiency, and high cost. Municipal management personnel cannot grasp the specific conditions of the manhole covers of each municipal supervision point in real time, cannot monitor the individual manhole covers, and cannot obtain the latest position in time for the movement of the manhole covers. Information increases the probability of risk.
B. The management unit is slow to notify the property rights unit: Because it is based on experience to judge the property rights unit, the supervisors are often unable to timely and accurately judge the property rights unit that has lost the manhole cover, resulting in a slow process of determining the property rights unit and delaying the time for timely repair of the manhole cover.
C. The property right unit is slow to find the missing manhole cover location: Because it only relies on the supervisors to inform the property right unit of the missing manhole cover location over the phone, the property right unit staff often cannot find the missing manhole cover location in time and accurately, and cannot maximize the mobilization as soon as the problem occurs. Resources can be used for manhole cover repair.
At present, there are three main methods for manhole cover management solutions proposed by many places: air defense, physical defense, and technical defense. However, these three methods can only achieve partial monitoring of manhole covers, and cannot truly and extensively monitor manhole covers in all areas for 24 hours. In response to several problems in the supervision of municipal manhole covers, Guangzhou Leerpu Company has designed an intelligent management system for municipal manhole covers based on RFID technology, which realizes the retrospective supervision of manhole covers, maintains road safety, and also reflects the modernization and efficiency of the urban area. , A guaranteed level of scientific and comprehensive management.
1.3 Introduction to RFID technology
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Technology) is a non-contact latest automatic identification technology that matured at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. It is currently being promoted and applied in various industries all over the world. It uses radio frequency signals to automatically identify target objects and obtain relevant data. RFID is a flexible application technology that is easy to control, simple and practical, and especially suitable for automatic control. Its unique advantages are beyond the reach of other identification technologies.
The identification work does not require manual intervention;
It can support read-only working mode as well as read-write working mode without contact or precise aiming;
Can work freely in various harsh environments;
Can carry out a high degree of data integration;
Because this technology is difficult to be counterfeited or invaded, RFID has a very high security protection capability.
The RFID system generally consists of three parts: a reader (READER), an electronic tag (TAG) and a central information system. Its working principle is also very simple: the reader obtains the signal of the electronic label through active (active electronic label) or passive (passive electronic label), decodes it and sends it to the central information system for relevant data processing. Passive electronic tags currently occupy more than 80% of the market, while active electronic tags account for less than 20%.
| entry | Active electronic label | Passive electronic tags |
| power supply | With battery or external power supply | Without power supply |
| Way of working | Active, can send and receive signals | Passive, rewritten information |
| information | Large storage | Small storage |
| Exterior | Slightly heavier and larger | Light weight and small size |
| distance | Middle and long distance recognition | Medium and short distance recognition |
| cost | Higher | Lower |
In the process of maturity of the Internet of Things, in order to establish a “connection” or generate “wisdom” between things, before further communication and control, we must first understand the unique attributes of things, that is, their identity and location. And status. This is the reason why RFID radio frequency identification technology is so valued, because it is born for non-contact identification and status description. Therefore, the application of active RFID technology to realize the intelligent management of the identification of municipal manhole covers is an important manifestation of using the Internet of Things technology to improve the level of urban management informatization.
2. The overall design of the system
2.1 System description
Guangzhou Leerpu Information Technology Co., Ltd. proposes a manhole cover intelligent management system based on the current problems and challenges of municipal manhole cover management, using RFID-based radio frequency identification technology, sensor technology, geographic information technology technology, computer network technology and other wireless communications Internet of Things related technologies such as technology, establish an intelligent network all over the street manhole cover management, realize the active perception of the municipal manhole cover status, real-time monitoring, once the manhole cover is lost, immediately send alarm information to the background data processing center, the background sends the alarm information through SMS Provide maintenance personnel to reinstall manhole covers in the shortest time, thereby improving time disposal efficiency, ensuring the safety of related public facilities to the utmost extent, optimizing municipal management efficiency, innovating municipal manhole cover management models, improving municipal manhole cover management processes, and promoting the level of refined urban management The promotion.
2.2 System principle and architecture
The system as a whole consists of three parts: a radio frequency identification unit, a wireless information transmission unit, and a background data processing unit. Municipal manhole covers are installed with identification cards embedded with various sensors. When their attitude, position or state changes abnormally, the identification cards on them are immediately sensed by the sensors, and alarm information is sent to nearby signal transceivers, and the signal transceivers pass RFID technology receives relevant signals and transmits the information to the information center of the municipal management center through CDMA communication. The front-end sensing device coding, numbering and location information are combined with the GIS map to quickly determine the location and status of the monitored object and give an alarm , The alarm will notify the municipal department management center, which can promptly mobilize relevant staff to solve the fault in time and eliminate safety hazards. The system can also realize manhole cover inventory, positioning monitoring, alarm linkage, authentication setting, and anti-theft alarm functions for other municipal facilities such as street lights and power boxes.
2.3 System characteristics
1) Quickly obtain information based on RFID non-contact, and the RFID identification card has strong security and confidentiality;
2) Strong system compatibility, compatible with international standards for wireless sensors;
3) Directly monitor the municipal manhole cover, and the management is more timely, accurate and effective. It can realize the independent monitoring and management of a single municipal manhole cover, making the municipal management method more flexible and wider in scope.
4) Real-time monitoring and active alarm, alarm, notice and record the first time an abnormal change occurs in the state of the object, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of illegal behavior.
5) The actual activities of urban residents are not restricted, and only the monitored municipal objects are positioned and monitored to reduce personnel interference, false alarms and monitoring failures.
6) Advanced wireless radio frequency technology and wireless sensing technology to achieve wireless transmission of supervision status signals.
7) Use frequency hopping communication to prevent interference from other external signals.
8) The signal transceiver has strong scalability, can integrate power line carrier, CDMA transmission, and can also be combined with existing security systems such as video, smoke detection, and harmful gas monitoring according to needs.
9) The identification card is small in size, supports multi-frequency applications (active/passive combination), has a long service life, and is low in cost, which is convenient for large-scale promotion in the future.
10) Advanced attitude, vibration, and position recognition algorithms to prevent false alarms.
11) Power supply security: The whole system is supplied with unified power supply, and UPS can be connected externally to ensure that the monitoring is still effective when the area is out of power.
12) System self-check: When the system itself works abnormally, the system will automatically send a prompt message to inform the system administrator.
2.4 System design principles
Flexible construction method
Under the prerequisite of prioritizing construction in areas with frequent cases, gradually expand radiation to other lines, and carry out centralized planning and management based on this. When the number of road sections reaches a certain scale, a regional monitoring center will be established, and a smaller and lower resolution GIS map system will be used to reduce the construction cost of the alarm center.
Economy
In the case of permitting investment costs, the latest available technologies and the most reliable products should be fully utilized to enable the system to serve municipal management as long as possible, which is also the most economical. At the same time, it can also be systematically connected with the existing municipal management system to reduce the investment cost of repeated construction.
reliability
Use mature technology and products to minimize the occurrence of failures in equipment selection and system design.
Easy maintenance
System maintenance is a very important factor in the success of today’s system applications. The easy maintenance of the system is mainly designed and applied for the following elements: easy troubleshooting, simple daily management and low-cost maintenance.
3. Detailed system functions
The manhole cover identification card is composed of an active RFID module, a sensing device and an alarm trigger, etc., and is fixedly installed on the edge of the manhole cover wall. The active RFID module is responsible for the normal transmission of radio frequency signals, and plays the role of “reporting safety” to the municipal management department in real time. It can also be used for daily inventory and inventory work of municipal materials, and the alarm trigger can be designed as a travel switch/infrared sensor, etc. Method, when the manhole cover is closed, the switch is closed, and the manhole cover sensing device is in a deep sleep state. When the manhole cover is illegally opened, the manhole cover identification card is disassembled, etc., the device detects the change in the acceleration state and at the same time the transmission signal time changes, and sends an alarm signal. The master control/sub-control center receives the corresponding feedback as soon as possible to make timely dispatch and management. When the engineer needs to maintain the manhole cover and the line, the control center determines the legality to remove the defense, or the authorized engineer holds the terminal device to remove the defense. The manhole cover card can automatically wake up and sleep, and the wake-up function can be realized through multi-level time management settings, which not only ensures the low-power sleep of the manhole cover radio frequency card, but also ensures the rapid transition of the alarm state.
3.1 Manhole cover inventory
As the identification of the manhole cover, the RFID identification card has a unique ID number inside, and it records the property rights of the manhole cover, contact person, telephone and other information according to different areas and roads, which facilitates the information collection and situation processing of the management department. Because the RFID identification card cannot be imitated, the manhole cover can be counted in time and the manhole cover information can be checked to quickly grasp the drain status of the manhole cover.
3.2 Positioning monitoring
The system can monitor various status information of municipal manhole covers in real time. By combining the intuitive municipal plan of the system, the position and basic attribute information of manhole covers in the area under its jurisdiction can be viewed in real time, and the manhole cover anti-theft in each jurisdiction can be uniformly commanded, dispatched and dispatched. Engineering maintenance.
3.3 Anti-theft alarm
The system can pre-set alarm rules to give an emergency alarm to the abnormal situation of the municipal manhole cover. The identification card installed in the municipal manhole cover has built-in tilt and vibration sensing. When the manhole cover is in a normal state, the identification card is in a dormant state. When the manhole cover is abnormally opened, the identification card immediately sends an alarm signal to notify the relevant responsible department to take measures.
3.4 Alarm linkage
After an abnormal situation occurs to the alarm center, the alarm information will also be sent to the mobile phones of relevant responsible persons and managers.
3.5 Authentication settings
When the engineer needs to maintain the manhole cover and the line, the control center determines the legality to remove the defense, or the authorized engineer holds the terminal device or the supervision center to match the defense.
3.6 Expansion area
Street asset management
Traffic facilities management
Communication facility management
Power facility management
4. Introduction to smart terminals
4.1 BWTF-5032 manhole cover identification card
product description:
The BWTF-5032 type identification card (hereinafter referred to as the identification card) is an active active identification card, the working frequency is 433MHz, and its own identification information is transmitted regularly. It has the characteristics of long recognition distance, low power consumption, and maintenance-free. The identification card contains an excellent anti-collision mechanism, which is suitable for applications with multiple identification cards. The identification card has the function of detecting the posture of the object. The posture of the object is moved or impacted and can send out an alarm message. It can be widely used in the management of municipal assets such as manhole covers and power box management.
Advantages of well cover card:
(1) The radio frequency transmission power is small, only -10dBm, which is not harmful to the human body;
(2) Long working hours. The circuit adopts low power consumption design to reduce the power consumption of the circuit. The installed battery can maintain the normal operation of the manhole cover card for 3 years;
(3) Using active RFID technology, data is automatically sent without wake-up mechanism;
(4) The manhole cover card supports activation and sleep modes;
(5) The perfect combination of RFID and sensor technology. The identification card uses an acceleration sensor to detect inclination and vibration;
(6) Support dual-frequency operation, with low-frequency wake-up function;
(7) With anti-dismantling alarm function;
(8) Use high-performance lithium-argon batteries to adapt to work in outdoor high and low temperature environments.
The main technical parameters:
Working frequency: 433MHz
Transmit power: 20dBm
Working temperature: -30℃～60℃
Recognition distance: omnidirectional antenna 500 meters (no obstruction in the air)
Omnidirectional antenna 300 meters (identification card is located under the manhole cover)
Working voltage: DC: 3.0V
Working current: The maximum working current is 125mA, the standby current is less than 10uA
Average relative humidity: ≤95% (+25℃)
Atmospheric pressure: 80kPa～106kPa
Protection level: IP67
4.2BWBS-5024 signal transceiver
product description:
The BWBS-5024 signal transceiver is a long-distance active RFID reading and writing device. It has the characteristics of long recognition distance, high sensitivity, fast recognition speed, and strong anti-interference ability. It can be firmly installed through a bracket and can be used outdoors. Widely used in: personnel, vehicle, asset positioning and tracking, access control management and other fields. The BWBS-5024 signal transceiver can carry out two-way data communication with the monitoring center, upload all the information of the identification card to the monitoring center in real time, and provide the system with high-precision and real-time data. The BWBS-5024 signal transceiver can be equipped with a battery, which can maintain the normal operation of the signal transceiver after the external power supply is disconnected, which improves the working stability of the signal transceiver.
Signal transceiver advantages:
(1) The installation is flexible and convenient, and does not affect the surrounding environment. The signal transceiver and the collection server use mobile communication technology for two-way communication, without laying cables or optical cables, to protect the surrounding environment from damage to the greatest extent.
(2) There is a two-way mobile data communication function between the signal transceiver and the acquisition server, and it supports CDMA interface.
(3) The signal transceiver realizes the integration of RFID technology and mobile communication technology.
(4) The signal transceiver supports backup battery power supply.
(5) The unique anti-collision technology enables the signal transceiver to receive 300 positioning cards at a time in the same area. Even if the manhole cover card moves quickly, the data can be accurately transmitted.
The main technical parameters:
Working frequency: 433MHz
Recognition distance: omnidirectional antenna 2km (unobstructed environment)
Omnidirectional antenna 300m (identification card is located under the manhole cover)
Recognition angle: omnidirectional
Gain: omnidirectional antenna 3dBi
Security: Encryption algorithm and matching mechanism to prevent link detection and cracking. Environmental adaptability: Waterproof and anti-shock design to meet the requirements of industrial environments, and the protection level is not less than IP67.
Receiving sensitivity: >-148dBm
Interface standard: CDMA 1x
Displacement speed: 0-180km/h
Power standard: DC: 12V 800mA
Backup battery: 5000 mAh
Concurrent identification number: identify 500 or more identification cards at the same time
Misreading rate: ≤0.01%
Dimensions: 260×180×60 (mm)
Shell material: engineering plastic ABS
5. System management software
5.1 Introduction to System Management Software
The municipal manhole cover management system is a management software designed by Guangzhou Leerpu Company for government-related functional departments and industry users. The software realizes the active management of specific objects through real-time monitoring of the identity, location, and status information of specific municipal manhole covers. The software can be widely used in municipal parts management, public asset management and other fields in the city to provide new Internet of Things services for relevant government departments, enterprises and institutions.
Software system architecture diagram
Front-end website: Users log in to the front-end website with their account and password, and then use various functions such as positioning and user management.
Alarm processing subsystem: used to process various alarm situations.
SMS Subsystem: Responsible for sending alarm SMS to relevant persons in charge.
Background management subsystem: Maintain and manage various signal transceivers and identification cards.
Database: Store all kinds of data required by the system.
Acquisition subsystem: used to collect data from the signal transceiver to the data center.
5.2 Main features of system management software
The entire application platform mainly realizes product positioning query and alarm functions. The software is designed with B/S architecture and developed with the lightweight J2EE framework SSH. The urban municipal management platform mainly has the following characteristics:
Practicability: to meet the actual needs of users, solve practical problems, do detailed core functions, take into account auxiliary functions, realize fast and reliable deployment and use, and save investment.
Ease of use: All functions are clear at a glance, to meet the user’s habits, easy to use, easy to maintain, easy to upgrade, and to minimize implementation and training costs and cycles.
Advancement: It adopts advanced technical architecture, high degree of structure, good scalability and upgradeability, and is in line with future development trends.
Stability: The system has been rigorously tested from the underlying database to the functional layer. The database is stable and functions smoothly. It can run smoothly in different hardware environments for a long time.
Security: The system can effectively prevent various external virus attacks. Internal data has a variety of backup methods. Through permission control, it has strict and detailed access control to ensure the security of internal data.
5.3 System management software system deployment
The system uses Tomcat as the web server and Oracle as the database server. In order to improve performance, web servers and database servers are clustered, and the database also has a backup server for disaster recovery. The collection server also adopts a cluster method to relieve collection pressure. The SMS server currently uses the SMS modem method.
5.4 Main functions of system management software
5.4.1 Positioning display
Real-time display the location of the municipal manhole cover bound with the identification card on the map. If the municipal manhole cover is moved, the historical location and historical movement track of the municipal facility can be displayed.
5.4.2 Alarm management
Displays various alarms currently occurring on the manhole cover, including the illegal movement of the manhole cover, and can realize the networked management of each manhole cover in a large area or even the entire city. When an alarm occurs, an alarm message will be sent to the relevant person in charge.
Customization of manhole cover alarm type;
Real-time confirmation of the alarm quantity of the manhole cover;
Real-time confirmation of the alarm position of the manhole cover;
After the staff arrived at the site, real-time confirmation of the recovery status of the manhole cover.
5.4.3 Map display
The map has functions such as zooming, eagle eye, distance measurement, etc. The center point of the map is the center point of the municipal facility management area.
5.4.4 User Management
Used for maintenance and management of municipal personnel, manhole covers, etc.
Import, export and change management of municipal manhole covers;
Display the user’s basic information, you can modify the password;
Management of operational authority of functional departments;
The functional department manages the management of personnel, vehicles and other municipal maintenance resources;
Statistical reports: including municipal facilities statistics, mobile statistics, alarm statistics and other reports.
5.4.5 Statistical reports
Contains reports such as municipal manhole cover statistics, movement statistics, and alarm statistics.
5.5 Software running configuration environment
5.5.1 Software Environment
Server
Supported operating systems: equivalent to WindowsServer2003 Standard Edition, RedHat Enterprise 6, CentOS6.2.
Supported databases: oracle 10g/11g, Altibase 6.1.1.0.
Client
Supported operating system: Windows XP Professional SP3 and above.
Supported web browser: Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher and Internet Explorer 9.0 or lower
5.5.2 Hardware environment
Basic requirements for server performance configuration
CPU: Dual-core processor
Memory: ≥8GBECC DDR3 1066MHz (2G*2 configuration), maximum support ≥8 memory slots
Hard disk: ≥500G
Network card: The motherboard integrates dual gigabit adaptive network cards, supporting network features such as wake-on-LAN, network redundancy, and load balancing.
Client computer performance requirements
CPU: Intel P4 2.0G Hz or above, dual core is recommended
RAM: 2GB RAM or above
Hard disk: 120G or above
6. Installation and construction
6.1 Material standards
The materials, specifications, models, and appearances of various profiles and iron parts are inspected to meet the project design regulations.
Check the specifications and models of the cables used in the project, comply with the design regulations, complete and clear the contents of the signs and identification cards attached to the cables, test the cable characteristics, and have a product certificate.
The antenna adopts a coaxial cable with a better shielded PVC outer sheath and has a product certificate.
Inspect the equipment, the appearance and model should meet the design regulations, and have a product certificate.
6.2 Main machinery
Construction tools: electric drill, wire pliers, flat-nose screwdriver, cross screwdriver, electrician’s knife, needle-nose pliers, flat-nose pliers, wire stripper, spirit level, multimeter, megohmmeter, lift truck (or temporary stand, foot Buckle), tool bag, etc.
Calibration equipment: field strength meter, signal generator, test card, etc.
6.3 Operating conditions
The signal transceiver bracket meets the design requirements.
The size of the pole should meet the design requirements of the signal transceiver.
Reliable construction power and grounding devices should be provided in the equipment room.
6.4 Operation process
6.4.1 Installation method of signal transceiver
First, make a circular hole at the height of the lamp pole about 6 meters to allow the wires and cables with protective sleeves to pass into the hole, so that the power cord is connected to the battery box power supply below. Fix the assembled BWBS-5024 signal transceiver with a hoop at the corresponding height, fix it firmly, connect the power supply, and check whether each indicator is working normally after turning on the switch.
After the signal transceiver is working normally, adjust the direction of the signal transceiver and the direction of the directional antenna as needed to determine the best effect, and then tighten each connection with a screw tool to ensure a firm fixation; the specific installation is shown in the following figure:
Vertical state (the signal transceiver and antenna are not rotated)
Adjustment status (the signal transceiver and antenna rotate 45° each)
6.4.2 Manhole cover card installation method
The product in the figure below is the identification card housing, in which the battery box can be replaced with a removable battery. The identification card shell and the battery box are fixed by 4 M4 screws, and a hole with a diameter of 22mm is left between the shells for connecting the battery and the adapter board, as well as the burning process. The hole periphery is waterproofed by a waterproof ring. Four countersunk screw holes are reserved for the identification card shell, which are used to fix the identification card with screws. The bottom surface of the identification card shell is treated with rough decorative patterns to increase the bonding strength with the marble glue, and several ribs are designed to increase the contact area when fixed with the marble glue. The installation method under the manhole cover is the way of marble glue sticking the manhole cover and fixing with screws. After the identification card is constructed and installed, it supports on-site update procedures.
7. After-sales service
7.1 System maintenance
System maintenance is mainly to ensure the normal operation of the system, including daily maintenance and fault recovery.
Routine maintenance includes:
Backup data regularly;
System user questions and answers;
Maintenance terminal.
Failure recovery includes:
System communication failure due to network reasons;
Functional obstacles due to damage to the terminal equipment;
The facility cannot be identified due to damage to the identification card.
7.2 Perfect system
The software of the system will be upgraded regularly during use. In order to meet the needs of users at different stages, the software structure of the system reserves an upgrade interface. The superior scalability of the system makes the system easier to meet the needs of different users.
7.3 After-sales service
1. After-sales service specifications during the warranty period (for the hardware and network environment provided by Guangzhou Leerpu Company, etc.)
(1) Warranty time: 12 months.
(2) Hotline support and remote technical services:
Provide 7×24 hours technical support and service, and contact the customer representative engineer appointed by Guangzhou Leerpu Company.
When the equipment fails, it will respond to the customer’s maintenance request within 2 hours, and the key components will arrive at the scene within 4 hours in the urban area of Guangzhou, and the problem will be solved within 48 hours (calculated from the repair time).
For problems that cannot be solved in 8 hours, spare equipment is provided. We promise that the response time of spare parts is less than 24 hours.
2. Equipment maintenance after the warranty period has expired
For the equipment provided by Guangzhou Leerpu Company, after the warranty period, Guangzhou Leerpu Company will still provide services, and provide free of charge for service items that do not involve on-site service or equipment replacement. For other services, Guangzhou Leerpu will charge reasonable fees. The charging items will be based on the priority of the service provided, technical difficulty, personnel, time, replacement equipment and customer requirements depending on the specific situation.
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