The overall solution of hospital information system based on RFID technology
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1. RFID-based hospital information system
1 Overview
The application of the hospital information system based on RFID (electronic tag, radio frequency identification) technology in the hospital not only covers all aspects of the work, medical treatment, and life of hospital employees, patients, and patient relatives, but also covers all aspects of medical equipment, medicines, ambulances, etc. manage. Since it is closely related to the daily management and life of the hospital, compared with other management information systems, the successful construction of the “RFID technology-based hospital information system” can directly reflect the superior management quality of the hospital and enable employees, patients, and patients’ relatives. Feel the caring and caring with foreign visitors.
based onRFID(Electronic tags, radio frequency identification) technology hospital information system mainly manages patients, patient relatives, hospital staff, medical equipment, medicines, vehicles, etc. Therefore, RFID tags in hospitals are mainly divided into the following categories:
?Patient tag: Since the patient’s information should be kept confidential and the patient’s tag is recycled, the patient’s related information should not be written on the surface of the RFID tag, but should be written inside the RFID tag. This not only protects the privacy of patients, but also enables RFID tags to be recycled. The patient’s RFID tag contains basic information such as the patient’s name, gender, and serial number; the system database contains more detailed information such as patient cases corresponding to the patient’s RFID tag;
Employee tags: The RFID tags of hospital employees can be printed with personal information such as the employee’s photo, serial number, card number, name, and department name. The system database contains employee permissions, work experience, attendance and other information corresponding to the employee’s RFID tag;
? Equipment label: The label contains information such as equipment name, number, manufacturer, date of purchase, and maintenance and repair records;
? Drug labeling: Considering the cost factor, it is currently impossible for hospitals to label every bottle of medicine, but can only label the entire box of medicines or a single expensive medicine. The drug label contains information such as the name, number, method of administration, manufacturer, date of purchase, and expiration date of the drug;
? Vehicle label: The label contains information such as the license plate number, the owner’s name, the car model, and the time of entering and leaving the parking lot. The functions of RFID tags are mainly reflected in the following two aspects:
(1) The identity authentication function performs identity authentication and information management for hospital staff, patients and their relatives in the hospital, entering and exiting various places, using various facilities. mainly includes:
? Personal basic information management, functions such as employee ID, patient ID;
?Access control, attendance management, functions such as access cards, meeting cards, mainly used for employee passages, isolation wards, and important medical rooms, offices, laboratories, pharmacies, materials rooms and warehouses, etc.;
?Medical information query management, functions such as query card, mainly used for self-service touch screen query;
?Building automation, capacity control;
?other.
(2) Electronic wallet function Cardholders conduct non-cash transactions in the hospital, form various payment relationships with the hospital, and settle through electronic wallets, mainly including:
? Canteen consumption, functions such as dining cards, mainly for employees and relatives who take care of patients;
? Meal consumption, functions such as a meal order card, mainly for patients with inconvenient mobility and medical staff who cannot leave their jobs;
? Various payment in the hospital (such as registration, payment of medicines, surgery, etc.), functions such as payment cards;
? Other collection and payment in the hospital. The identity authentication function of RFID tags is not limited to living “people”, it is also applicable to inanimate “things”, namely: medical equipment, medicines, vehicles, etc., so as to ensure that the correct medical equipment serves the correct employees and patients , The correct medicine is distributed to the correct patient.
2. System structure
Hospital information systems based on RFID technology are mainly divided into: information center management, outpatient management, emergency patient management, inpatient management, hospital staff management, medical equipment management, drug management, patient relatives management, parking lot management, fund management, etc. functional module.
In order to achieve the above module functions of the hospital information system based on RFID technology, we issue tags to patients and relatives, medical staff, medical equipment, medicines, vehicles, etc., and assign corresponding permissions; and set up reading and writing in the places where these people or things are active Devices and antennas, such as registration offices, outpatient offices, operating rooms, pharmacies, laboratories, wards, intensive care wards, parking lots, information centers and other places. In addition, medical staff must carry handheld readers when performing operations, taking medicines, and administering drips to patients, which are used to read tags on patients to ensure that the right patients receive the right treatment and the right medicines.
3. System features
Real-time: There are interfaces between the various functional modules in the system, which can effectively exchange real-time information, truly realize the real-time sharing of information resources, reduce unnecessary duplication of work, and improve efficiency.
? Adaptability: The system is not only suitable for various types of hospitals from central to local, but also adaptable to the needs of the same hospital in different periods. That is: with the expansion of the scope of hospital information processing and the improvement of the level, the system can continuously enable or add new functions, rather than abandon the existing system. Especially the system currently designed and implemented under the reform and opening up environment must always be prepared to adapt to the new management model;
? Compatibility: The various functional modules of the system can be easily compatible with the existing HIS and other hospital information systems. Therefore, the hospital can not only install the entire hospital information system based on RFID technology, but also selectively install only a part of the system modules, and embed these modules into other existing information systems in the hospital;
? Security: By assigning different permissions to different medical staff, the system can effectively prevent unauthorized medical staff from entering unauthorized areas or viewing unauthorized case information;
User-friendliness: The design of this system is completely based on the actual application of medical staff, taking into account the particularity of the work of medical staff and their computer operation level. The system interface is not only convenient to operate, easy to learn and use, but also relieves medical staff’s troubles. Work pressure brings them comfort and comfort.
2. Introduction to the functions of the hospital information system
1. Central Management Module
The central management module of the hospital is the management center of the system, including four sub-modules: resource management, label management, system management, and key management. The resource management sub-module is the overall resource control of user information, authority management, and equipment management in the system. It is divided into three parts: personnel information management, equipment management, and authority management.
? Personnel data management: including all users involved in the system, including users (hospital staff, patients, patient relatives, etc.), operators, system administrators and other related personnel text information and photos.
? Equipment data management: including all equipment involved in the system, includingReader, Antenna, front communication equipment and server related management information.
Permission management: Different types of permissions are assigned to managers and technicians of different levels and different departments, with corresponding login passwords, so that everyone’s management rights and responsibilities are clearly distinguished, and the operation is well-documented. The label management sub-module performs unified management of the entire life process from issuance to recycling of all applications such as patient labels, employee labels, equipment labels, drug labels, and vehicle labels in the system. It includes pre-issued labels (pre-processing of printing, assigning label numbers, etc.) , Issuing tags (application types of issuing tags, including electronic wallets), reporting loss, unlinking, recycling tags, reissuing tags, etc. The system management sub-module provides functions such as system initialization, system parameter setting, reader password setting, tag password setting, operation log, database setting, etc., to complete the maintenance of the entire system.
The key management sub-module manages the generation, issuance, update, storage, application and destruction of the root key, reader key, and user tag key in the system.
2. Outpatient management module
The detailed information of outpatients, including name, age, blood type, name of relatives, emergency contact number, past medical history, etc. are stored on the patient’s RFID identification wristband through a computer and a reader. The outpatient department is equipped with handheld RFID readers. After the doctor diagnoses the patient, the patient’s condition and related medicines are input into the RFID tag.
The RFID patient identification tape is an important part of the complete patient identification system. By combining with the system, it can fully realize the accurate treatment of patients from admission, treatment to discharge. Due to RFID’s strong automatic identification ability, fast processing speed, and accurate data, with RFID tags, patients can get convenience in many medical procedures.
2.1 Distributing medicines/infusions When distributing medicines and infusions to patients, it is necessary to check the identification band on each patient’s wrist to confirm whether their identity corresponds to the treatment measures to be taken. Use the handheld to quickly scan the patient’s RFID identification number, which can automatically display related processing content, such as the type and quantity of medicines that should be issued to the patient. After the work is completed, the handheld can automatically upload the completion time of each work and other data to the computer for centralized storage.
2.2 Specimen collection/processing (blood, bone marrow, etc.) Use the handheld to obtain the RFID identification of the patient to confirm whether the identity of the subject is correct. After sampling, stick the pre-made RFID label on the sampling sheet or sample container, and read the RFID label with the handheld again to check whether the information on the patient label matches the information on the sample label. After the specimen is sent to the laboratory, the staff does not need to register by hand or manually enter the computer again. With the help of an RFID card reader, all the data of the specimen can be obtained immediately, avoiding the occurrence of human error.
2.3 Patient medical record input The upgraded RFID handheld reader (PDA) has input function, so that the doctor can not only directly record the patient’s medical record by handwriting, but also record it with a PDA stylus, and cooperate with the printer to directly print the medical record.
3. Inpatient management module
After the patient is registered in the outpatient clinic, the main index information of the patient is established. After the diagnosis by the outpatient doctor, the patient’s prescription, inspection, examination and other items are sent to the outpatient fee collection office for pricing and charging. After being diagnosed by the outpatient doctor, the patient is transferred to the inpatient registration office for registration, prepayment, and then hospitalization in the corresponding ward. The expenses incurred by the patient in the hospital can be centralized and entered at the inpatient charging office, or entered at various auxiliary clinics; when the patient’s advance payment is insufficient, the system will automatically prompt and print the dunning note and give it to the patient. When discharged from the hospital, the patient goes through the discharge procedures at the inpatient charging office. After the patient is discharged, the system automatically transmits the basic information of the patient to the medical record management system.
3.1 Newborn identification and anti-theft management
For newborn babies, there are management loopholes in the identification of babies alone, which cannot prevent malicious human replacement. Therefore, it is best to identify both the newborn baby and its mother, and use the same code to connect the biological mother and child. During the temporary transfer of baby care rights between hospital staff and mothers, both parties should check at the same time to ensure the correct mother-child pairing. The information on the mother and baby label should be the same, including the mother’s full name and label number, the baby’s gender, the date and time of birth, and what other hospitals think can clearly match the biological mother and child. It is best to equip the hospital with equipment that can clearly take the baby’s footprints and the mother’s fingerprints. The feature of RFID long-distance reading and identification is used in baby anti-theft. The system needs to arrange fixed RFID readers at the entrances and exits of each intensive care unit. Every time a nurse and baby need to pass through, the RFID identity of the nurse is read The card and the RFID mother-infant identification tape on the baby can only be opened after the identity is confirmed. At the same time, the nurse’s identity information, the baby’s identity information and the time of entry and exit are recorded in the database.
3.2 Surgical patient management
Medical management activities are a process involving multiple parties, and there are multiple departments within the hospital that provide treatment and other services to patients. Therefore, coordination among multiple parties is very important. During the patient’s hospitalization, surgery, injections and medication, various laboratory tests or X-ray examinations, etc. may be required, and other activities including hospitalization procedures, fees, billing, etc. are also indispensable. The exact identity of the patient has brought clear guidelines for the target of each treatment service provider. When coordination is required between the departments, it should be used as a basis to avoid confusion. The doctor reads the patient’s tag through the RFID handset, and the information management system searches the background database at the same time, and displays the patient’s rich personal information, such as blood type, allergy history, etc., on the display terminal for the medical staff. At the same time, the information management system reminds the medical staff to make preparations for the operation based on the established operation plan, and avoid human negligence. This measure not only greatly reduces the labor intensity of the medical staff in the operating room, but also improves the accuracy of the verification of the patient’s treatment plan, and minimizes the misdiagnosis rate as much as possible. The medical staff can check the visual data on the patient’s wristband at any time and verify the patient’s identity. More importantly, due to the implementation of RFID management, the patient’s information in the computer system is synchronized with the information in the wristband, which provides a better guarantee for the safety of surgical patients. RFID technology has established a bridge between the hospital information system and patient safety care, providing a more diversified and comprehensive medical information system.
3.3 Special patient management
RFID technology can realize real-time positioning (RTLS) function, accurate indoor and outdoor positioning that can be used anywhere, with a maximum error of 1 to 2 meters, while GPS and PHS can basically only be used outdoors, and the accuracy rate is also low. Inferior (the expected error of GPS is 10 meters, and the expected error of PHS is 40-70 meters. RTLS tracks laptop PDAs and Wi-Fi tags with wireless area network (LAN) adapters and determines their exact location. In The hospital puts traceable T201/301 tags on some mental patients or special patients. The client software of the Windows terminal can locate the patient in real time, track and manage the patient, and prevent the patient from getting lost in the hospital.
4. Emergency patient management module
4.1 Emergency patient information record (the basic data of the patient, whether they are allergic to drugs)
High efficiency is very important for the 120 emergency rescue center, and it is also very important for the basic information record of emergency patients. Emergency patients wear RFID identification wristbands after undergoing injury grading, which records the basic data of the patient, whether they are allergic to drugs, their condition, and treatment plans. This kind of RFID wristband worn on the patient’s wrist is soft and comfortable to wear. For medical staff to read directly and scan through RFID readers to meet the data input requirements of some medical equipment.
4.2 Emergency patient identification (preventing medical accidents and managing emergencies)
RFID tags can handle all kinds of emergency patients in the emergency room for emergency patients. It is difficult to manage well when the emergency room is crowded. Under fast-paced work pressure, problems such as confusion of specimens often occur. With the help of RFID patient identification tape and a handheld device that can read RFID, the work in the emergency room can be handled well.
Also in the operating room, once a patient has undergone an anesthesia operation, it is difficult to express himself soberly. With the help of RFID patient identification and handheld device, the patient’s identity can be quickly confirmed and relevant information can be obtained. In addition to using RFID to identify patients, emergency room physicians can also use PDA to read the latest test report when it arrives. In this way, doctors can perform better operations by reading PDA information. In emergencies, such as sudden food poisoning, a large number of patients flood into the emergency room to get sick. At this time, doctors and nurses need to process a large amount of patient-related data in a short period of time, and it is easy to mistake the patient’s identity or diagnosis and treatment information. At this time, the RFID tag tape will play a huge role in writing the data of each patient to their own RFID. In the wristband label, one-to-one correspondence between the wristband label and the patient is achieved, and it is used throughout the emergency and follow-up treatment.
5. Medical equipment management module
In the original medical equipment management, pen and paper were used to record, which caused a lot of problems, and the protection and access of information was also very troublesome. If the RFID tag is attached to the medical equipment, the tag can store a large amount of equipment information, and at the same time, it can also store the corresponding records of each maintenance/repair/inspection. The tag is read through the RFID handheld device and the information is recorded in the handheld device at the same time, which can prevent loss due to uncertain reasons. Every inspection and maintenance must be done to understand and maintain the situation of each machine, and perform corresponding information storage operations, so as to avoid omissions in the inspection and maintenance of the equipment. The results of each inspection and maintenance are recorded and stored in the chip and the central processing unit, and this information cannot be changed at will, so as to avoid the problem of unclear human responsibility or equipment responsibility if there is a medical liability accident related to medical equipment . Through the RFID automatic identification technology to systematically manage medical equipment, it will be very easy to store the information of medical equipment in the computer, which will help the maintenance and update of medical equipment, and better carry out the medical work.
6. Drug management module
The use of RFID tag identification technology in the management of information hospitals plays an important role in the drug management system. It provides functions such as drug information query, drug management, drug toxicology classification, drug entry and exit management, etc., which not only facilitates clinicians, but also improves The efficiency of drug management personnel.
Attach RFID tags to the boxes of similar medicines, and store the information such as the factory, date, and drug category of the medicines in the RFID tags. Reading the RFID tags of medicines through the handheld device can effectively check whether the medicines are expired, the quantity of medicines, etc. Through the RFID handheld or fixed time reader, inventory becomes very easy, and computer drug information can be read, so as to better manage the hospital’s drug procurement and other issues, while also preventing the use of expired drugs.
7. Medical staff management (attendance, access control, etc.) module
The RFID wireless radio frequency automatic identification tag inherits all the advantages of the previous magnetic card and contact IC card system, and adopts advanced non-contact identification technology. The operation method is more flexible and fast, safe and reliable, and breaks the old tradition of using keys to open the door. It has a variety of intelligent functions such as the entry and exit authorization control of the portal, the anti-theft security, and the alarm.
In hospitals, some places can only allow medical staff to enter, such as operating rooms, special wards, etc. It is very important to set up access control in these places. In addition, some places only allow special doctors or nurses to enter, so different doctors and nurses have to be assigned different permissions. In this way, it not only facilitates the entry and exit management of different medical staff, but also keeps unauthorized medical staff and others away, reduces interference, provides a safe and comfortable medical environment for patients, and improves the internal management of the hospital. .
8. Parking lot management module
The RFID reader communicates with the electronic tag card held by the driver through receiving and sending radio frequency signals to identify whether they have the right to enter and exit, and automatically control the opening and closing of the barrier. It is also possible to add the functions of automatic photographing and archiving of vehicles entering and exiting and manual comparison or automatic comparison and query.
The intelligent parking lot system can effectively, accurately and intelligently identify, collect, record and on-demand data information of system vehicles (vehicles with electronic license plates) and non-system vehicles (vehicles without electronic license plates) entering and leaving the parking lot. Upload, process, and when necessary, can be supplemented by corresponding manual intervention to avoid the impact of abnormal events (when non-system vehicles enter and exit), and ensure that the access control system has efficient vehicle intelligent release capabilities. In addition, through correct design and installation, Only the same frequency point can be used in many lanes at the same time without stopping vehicles without interfering with each other.
The application of this system can realize the automatic identification and information management of vehicles, improve the efficiency and safety of vehicles, and count the vehicle access data, which is convenient for management personnel to dispatch and reduces the labor intensity of management personnel. As the hospital parking lot becomes larger, more complex, and intelligent, the system management will be more open and flexible. The parking lot management system and the hospital’s automation system will be formed into a computer management information system, so that the hospital’s comprehensive information management will be comprehensively improved. .
9. Fund Center Management Module
The fund center management module includes: deposit and withdrawal sub-module, clearing management sub-module, subsidy management sub-module, medical insurance card module, etc.
The deposit and withdrawal sub-modules are mainly used for the cash recharge function of the electronic tag electronic wallet of the financial department of the hospital, including personal recharge and group recharge, for consumption and payment in the hospital.
The clearing management sub-module provides functions including data correction, data balance, data backup, data sorting, financial settlement, automatic transfer, data collection, statistical analysis, consumption query, etc., and provides all expenses involved in the “RFID technology-based hospital information system” Perform unified settlement and transfer.
The subsidy management sub-module is mainly used by the hospital finance department to add subsidies to the electronic wallet of the employee’s electronic tag for in-hospital consumption. Including personal recharge and group recharge.
The hospital medical insurance card can be used directly in the information system, and the hospital information center can directly deduct and pay for patients with medical insurance. From the perspective of the entire hospital’s fund management process, the use of the electronic wallet function of the electronic tag has changed the hospital’s previous “consumption first and then repayment (bookkeeping)” fund operation model to “first payment and then consumption”. This has had a very positive impact on the hospital’s fund balance, liquidity and safety management.
10. C2 collaborative platform to build hospital information highway
The C2 collaboration platform is a brand-new, web-based project collaboration integrated support platform. It can communicate and work collaboratively with any time, place, and object, and achieve collaboration with alliance companies, partners, individual companies, and individual customers. Smooth and efficient communication and project life cycle management. It provides diversified collaborative work support and enhanced security strategies, which is portable, effective, and easy to expand. The C2 collaboration platform plays an important role in the construction of hospital informatization. In the hospital, C2 can be used for telemedicine, telemedicine training, internal video conferences in hospitals, and real-time communication between hospitals. C2 makes the hospital informatization more complete and more practical.
3. Benefit analysis
1. Social benefits
The reason why hospital information construction has to be carried out is, in a sense, forced by the changes in the hospital’s internal and external environment. The reform of the medical system, the large-scale implementation of medical insurance, the adjustment of medical service prices, the transparency of medical consumption, and the separation of medicines are all that traditional information management models are capable of. The competition in the medical market is becoming increasingly fierce. The society has higher and higher requirements for medical quality, hospital efficiency and service quality. Only by making full use of modern information technology can it be possible to effectively optimize hospital business processes, improve hospital efficiency and quality, and improve hospital image. Expand the influence and occupy a larger medical market. The establishment of a patient-centered medical service model requires the hospital information system to provide frontline medical staff with fast and convenient information services, so as to facilitate patients, shorten medical procedures, reduce patient travel back and forth, and effectively control medical errors and accidents.
2. Economic benefits
The economic benefits of hospital informatization construction are not easy to calculate directly, but they can be reflected in the reduction of manpower, control of leakage and free accounts, plugging economic loopholes, expanding medical market share, and reducing medical costs. If the nurse workstation is not implemented, to provide the patient with a one-day list of hospitalization expenses, it is necessary to increase manpower; even so, the patient is not satisfied with the level of detail of the list; under the traditional hospitalization accounting mode, the accounting of hospitalization expenses often lags behind the expenses. Occurrence, in some hospitals, when the patient is discharged, the booked expenses are even less than 50% of the total expenses, which provides the possibility for patients to run out of fees, omissions, and free of favor; the traditional economic accounting model relies on the bottom of the invoice (or two Coupon) is used as accounting and accounting evidence. Due to the large amount of bills, the stub of the invoice cannot be checked with the bottom page, resulting in altering the bottom page of the invoice and using the bottom page to falsely report income and workload. Phenomenon; based on RFID (electronic tag, radio frequency) The realization of the identification) technology of the hospital information system can effectively manage, analyze and utilize the general information, diagnosis and treatment information and cost information of outpatients. By obtaining patient feedback, attract patients to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment, and provide personalized medical services to control and expand Medical market share; a complete hospital information system can also effectively control medical costs, reduce the medical burden of patients, and improve patient satisfaction.
3. Management benefits
A complete hospital information system can support full cost accounting in the true sense; it can let hospital leaders know which departments, projects and personnel the hospital’s revenue comes from; it can provide real and reliable data for hospital decision-making in a timely manner. A complete hospital information system can effectively improve the management quality and efficiency of the hospital’s human, financial, material and capital, thereby enhancing the hospital’s management level, fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of employees, rationally allocating resources, optimizing business processes, and reforming and improving the hospital’s organizational structure , Operation mechanism and management system.
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