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1) System background
The main service targets of nursing homes are the elderly, and the problem of aging is more prominent. Because of their older age, the elderly are more or less physically inconvenient, and the degree of self-care is not as good as that of the young, and they are more prone to accidents. The infrastructure construction in nursing homes is becoming more advanced, and they are generally equipped with gardens, fitness venues, entertainment venues, and leisure venues. These facilities first enrich the lives of the elderly and add luster to the lives of the elderly; at the same time, they also bring potential inconveniences to the elderly. Because the site involves a large area, it is impossible for the management personnel to take care of every elderly person in each location. When an elderly person has a problem, it is necessary for the service personnel to find the location of the elderly person and provide corresponding assistance as quickly as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt an effective way to take care of the elderly, and to determine the location of the elderly in the nursing home in real time and provide timely services to them. “Positioning” is even more important.
Based on the actual situation of nursing homes, Shanghai Ti Bigao developed the zigbee nursing home positioning system to provide higher quality care and care to the elderly.
Two) Zigbee introduction
Zigbee is an emerging short-distance, low-rate, low-power wireless network technology. It is a technical proposal between wireless tag technology and Bluetooth. It was previously known as “HomeRF Lite” or “FireFly” wireless technology, mainly used for short-range wireless connections. It has its own radio standard, which coordinates communication among thousands of tiny sensors. These sensors only require very low power consumption and transmit data from one sensor to another through radio waves in a relay manner, so their communication efficiency is very high. Finally, these data can be entered into a computer for analysis or collected by another wireless technology such as WiMax. The basis of Zigbee is IEEE802.15.4, which is a standard of the IEEE Wireless Personal Area Network (PAN) working group and is called the IEEE802.15.4 (Zigbee) technical standard.
Zigbee is not just the name of 802.15.4. IEEE only deals with low-level MAC layer and physical layer protocols, so the Zigbee Alliance standardizes its network layer protocols and APIs. The full protocol is used for 4K bytes that can be directly connected to the basic node of a device at a time or 32K bytes as a hub or router coordinator. Each coordinator can connect up to 255 nodes, and several coordinators can form a network, and there is no limit to the number of routing transmissions. The Zigbee Alliance has also developed a security layer to ensure that this portable device will not accidentally leak its identification, and that this long-distance transmission using the network will not be obtained by other nodes.
ZigBee can use three frequency bands, namely the 2.4 GHz ISM frequency band, the European 868 MHz frequency band, and the US 915 MHz frequency band. The channels available for different frequency bands are 16, 1, and 10. China adopts the 2.4 GHz frequency band, which is a frequency band that is free of application and royalty-free; adopts direct sequence spread spectrum technology DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum), and the transmission distance is between 10 and 75 m (increased RF transmission power, up to 500 m) ; The transmission rate is 20~250 kb/s, suitable for sensor data acquisition and control data transmission. ZigBee technology has powerful networking capabilities and can form star, tree and MESH mesh networks.
1) RSSI positioning technology
RSSI[2](Received Signal Strength Indicator) refers to the strength of the wireless signal received by the base station. In the positioning based on the received signal strength indicator RSSI, the transmitting signal strength of the transmitting base station is known, and the receiving base station calculates the propagation loss of the signal based on the strength of the received signal. Some algorithms calculate the position of the node. This technology has low hardware requirements and relatively simple algorithms, and shows good characteristics in a laboratory environment. However, due to changes in environmental factors, it often needs to be improved in practical applications. The received signal strength is a function of the transmit power and the distance between the transmitter and receiver.
RSSI=-(10n•lgd+A)(1)
Among them, n represents the signal propagation constant, also called the propagation index; d represents the distance from the transmitter; A represents the received signal strength at a distance of 1 m.
The relationship between the attenuation of the signal and the logarithmic attenuation of the distance. The shorter the distance between the base station and the positioning tag, the smaller the absolute distance error caused by the deviation of the RSSI value; and when the distance is greater than a certain value, the absolute distance error caused by the RSSI fluctuation will be very large. An unknown base station may receive signals from n positioning tags, so several base stations with a larger RSSI value should be used for positioning calculations, so as to avoid expansion of positioning errors.
2) ZigBee technology realizes the advantages of positioning
1. Low power consumption
Due to the low transmission rate of ZigBee, the transmit power is only 1 mW, and the sleep mode is adopted, so ZigBee devices are very power-saving. ZigBee devices can last up to 6 months to 2 years with only two AA batteries, and their power consumption is much lower than other wireless devices.
2. Low cost
Compared with GPS, the positioning engine is integrated with the MCU in a single-chip ZigBee RF transceiver. The cost is less than 1/10 of the GPS hardware, and the power consumption is only a small part of the GPS hardware, and the ZigBee protocol is royalty-free.
3. Short time delay
The communication delay and the delay of activation from the dormant state are both very short. The typical search device delay is 30 ms, the dormant activation delay is 15 ms, and the active device channel access delay is 15 ms. Therefore, ZigBee technology is suitable for applications that require high real-time positioning.
4. Large network capacity
A star-shaped ZigBee network can accommodate up to 254 slave devices and one master device, and the networking mode is flexible. With the maturity of ZigBee technology, the number of ZigBee devices will continue to increase in the future. ZigBee RF equipment or infrastructure can be used to easily build a ZigBee network, which reduces the cost of ZigBee node design and networking, and uses more ZigBee devices to achieve higher The positioning accuracy.
Three) Program introduction
Every elderly person is equipped with a wristband. The wristband has a built-in zigbee radio frequency card. The card is based on zigbee wireless technology and uses the international 2.4~2.5GHz frequency band. The wristband can actively send information to the outside world. It can transmit the distance from 0 to 1500 meters. After the wristband information is received by the base station, the base station can interpret the information in the card, and then learn which old man’s wristband number is? Where is it? The base station sends the read information to the computer. When the elderly moves to other locations, the computer can monitor the specific location in real time. When an elderly person encounters difficulties anywhere in the community, press the button on the portable wristband, and the computer screen of the supervisor of the monitoring center will immediately display the location of the elderly person, as well as the elderly person’s personal health status, previous diseases, etc. Relevant information provides guidance for medical staff’s quick response and emergency help.
Four) Product introduction
1. Wristband technology
The products in this system all use the 2.4GHz zigbee wireless technology. This technology is very suitable for use in nursing homes because it actively sends data out, has a long transmission distance, very small radiation, and high positioning accuracy. The wristband can also be prefabricated with chips, which can be used for access control unlocking and consumer card use.
2. Base Station
The base station receives the information from the wristband, converts the data into digital signals through demodulation, and connects to the computer through the gateway. The wristband must be used in conjunction with the base station.
The base station can be installed arbitrarily, no data line connection is required, as long as the power supply is provided, so no construction is required, and the installation is extremely simple.
3. Gateway
The gateway is a terminal device that reads the signal of the base station. It is connected to the computer through the USB interface, and the data of the base station is connected to the computer through the USB to read the relevant data.
5) Introduction to system modules
Administrator module (authorization system)
1. The administrator module, the management can be done by logging in to the background for software management
2. There are multiple management directories in the management backstage, and management groups can be assigned through permissions, allowing multiple administrators to have different management permissions.
3. Different user accounts and passwords can be opened, and different modules of the website can be managed by authority groups;
4. Sub-accounts with permissions can log in to modules within the scope of management permissions, but they are not visible to other modules;
5. Provide a notification system, the top administrator of the system can issue notifications for the entire site;
6. Provide administrator operation log
Member Management Module
1. Provide a membership system, which can add, delete, modify, and check members, and reset passwords
2. The member has an independent information system, and can perform fuzzy search and precise search on the information. Each member has independent multiple fields, recharge limit, credit limit, and adjustment of door lock opening time.
3. The membership module is combined with the card module and the door lock module, and the association can be queried between each other
4. Coupled with SMS system, can send SMS to a member or batch members
5. Provide member operation log
Membership card management
1. Membership card function, can automatically generate card numbers, generate card numbers in batches, and customize card numbers
2. The membership module is combined with the card module, and the associations can be queried between each other
3. A single card can add supplementary cards and temporary cards. The supplementary cards can be bound to independent members, and the supplementary cards can be allocated using quotas and credit lines according to the parent card.
4. There are different types of cards, different types, names, discounts, and content.
5. There are two types of cards: quota card and frequency card
6. Provide card addition, deletion, modification and checking function
Consumption management module
1. Consumer cash register: You can add a product portfolio consumption model, and the software will automatically calculate the points according to the details of the purchased items, or the points of related members such as recommenders.
2. After swiping the card, the member selects the consumption item or product, or scans and enters the product through the “input code” method. At the time of checkout, payment methods such as “cash, stored value, and point credit” are supported. After the checkout, the SMS will automatically notify the members of the consumption and points earned.
3. Support individual customers and non-member consumption.
4. The customer’s consumption history, operators, amount and earned points can all be recorded and inquired.
Commodity management module
1. There are multiple product categories set up in the background, and different product categories have different information, and their description and introduction are different.
2. Different commodity categories provide different commodities, and commodities offer different prices and discounts
3. The reservation amount provided by the goods at different times is different, and the reservation amount and price can be set in the background
4. Temporary commodity adjustments can be made
5. All additions, deletions, and changes to products will be recorded in this module
Access control management system
1. Authority management: You can set which doors a person can pass, or a person can pass all the doors. It is also possible to set which doors certain people can pass through. The setting results can be arranged by door or by person, and the user can clearly see who can pass through a certain door, or which door a certain person can pass through. It is clear at a glance, and can be printed or output to an Excel report.
2. Time period management: You can set a person to a certain door, which day of the week can enter the door, and from time to time every day. Each controller can set its own time period. It can be set to open the door automatically in certain time periods without swiping the card, which is suitable for occasions with such needs.
3. Offline operation: After uploading through software settings, the controller will remember all permissions and record all information. Even if the computer software and computer are turned off, the system can still operate normally offline, and the information will never be lost even if the power fails.
Long-term closing and long-term opening: If some doors need to be opened for a long time, they can be controlled by software to make them normally open. If some doors need to be closed for a long time and no one wants to enter, they can be made normally closed. Or some specific time.
4. Software door opening function: After receiving the instruction, the administrator can click the “open door” button of the software control door to open the door remotely.
Quick query of the number of people in the door: You can query the number of people in a door or in a certain area (there are several doors), and display the list of people in this area.
5. Real-time extraction of digital card data: users can monitor in real-time while automatically extracting the records in the controller, and upload one to the computer database after swiping one.
SMS interaction
1. Template SMS can be set and sent to members automatically
2. You can actively publish short messages, and you can send them in groups or individually
3. When members consume or perform key operations, SMS messages will be sent automatically
4. The SMS module is mainly combined with other modules for automatic operation
5. Send random verification codes as required to connect and interact with the system
Birthday reminder
Function summary: Reminders for customers’ special anniversaries, etc.
1. The user can set the number of days to be reminded by himself, and at the same time, he can edit the short message to send blessings, and it can support single sending and group sending of short messages.
2. Below is the reminder information display list: card number, name, gender, date of birth, phone number, mobile phone.
Online appointment system
1. Members can log in to the company’s portal website (or a network address) through the Internet to book some services, (such as chess and card room, theater, study class, and check-in room,)
2. Login account (using the member number or Chinese name of the member, the password is the default 123456)
3. The member has the right to change the password.
4. To book a service, you must send a SMS verification code
5. Members can inquire about the service booked, as well as previous consumption records, and check the balance through the Internet. (Only query and view permissions are provided here)
data synchronization
1. The data of all clients are unified and synchronized, sharing a database.
Positioning in the nursing home
1. The location of the elderly in the hospital is determined, in order to facilitate the search for the elderly, and the elderly need emergency medical treatment to facilitate the determination of the location
Emergency alarm
2. After the elderly press the emergency alarm, there must be a display in the duty room and short notice to some management personnel. (There must be two alarm mechanisms, one is mobile and the other is fixed, in the room)
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