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RFID (Radio Frequency Identification, radio frequency identification) is a non-contact identification technology, which has the advantages of large amount of information storage, rapid identification, and tags that are not easily damaged. Using RFID to track the entire process of agricultural production, processing, storage and sales, and trace the production and processing process of food, can effectively strengthen the management of agricultural products.
1. Overview of RFID technology
The most basic RFID system consists of RFID tags, readers and antennas.
The RFID tag is used to identify the target object. It is composed of a coupling element and a chip, and can store relevant information for identifying the object. Each RFID tag has a unique electronic code. The RFID tag contains a built-in antenna, which can communicate with the radio frequency antenna of the reader. According to the different ways of energy supply, RFID tags are divided into three types: active, passive and semi-active. According to whether the storage content of the RFID tag can be written, RFID tags are divided into read-write, write-once read-out and read-only types.
In practical applications, the working frequency of the RFID tag is a very important parameter, and the working frequency of the tag directly determines the various characteristics of the RFID system application. According to different working frequencies, RFID tags can be divided into low frequency, high frequency, ultra high frequency and microwave band tags. Low-frequency tags are mainly used for animal identification, container identification, and tool identification. Vehicle access control systems and other fields; high-frequency tags are mainly used in book management, logistics management, fixed asset management, smart shelf management and other fields; UHF tags are mainly used in supply chain management, production line automation management, container management and highway tolls And other fields; tags in the microwave frequency band have also begun to be applied.
The reader is used to identify the RFID tag and can read and write the content of the RFID tag. The reader is divided into fixed type and hand-held type, which can be selected according to different situations. In practical applications, the reader is often connected to the computer system, and the computer is used to further analyze and process the data collected by the reader; when multiple tags are used at the same time, the readers may interact with each other. Worry.
The antenna is used to transmit radio frequency signals between the RFID tag and the reader. In order to improve the accuracy of recognition, try to make the antenna of the reader face the tag of the recognition target when using it. Because the product label is inconvenient to control, and sometimes it is necessary to configure antennas in multiple aspects, there are currently many readers that support multiple antennas.
Compared with the currently commonly used barcode technology, RFID has many advantages, such as long recognition distance, no need for visual visibility of tags during recognition, can be used in harsh environments, the content may be updated, multiple tags can be read in batches, and the amount of information Large, easy to imitate, etc. These advantages make RFID have a wide range of application prospects in the field of agricultural product management.
2. Application of RFID in agricultural product management
In the production stage, the producer stores the product name, variety, place of production, batch, pesticide application, producer information and other necessary content in the RFID tag, and uses the RFID tag to record the initial product information and production process; When products are purchased, the content of the label is used to quickly sort the products, and different purchase prices are given according to the different conditions of the products.
In the processing stage, products are sorted using the information in the RFID tags, and only products that meet the processing conditions can be allowed to enter the next processing link. For products that enter the processing link, use the information recorded in the RFID tags to deal with different products in a targeted manner to ensure product quality; after the processing is completed, the processor will give the processor information, processing method, processing date, and product The grade, shelf life, storage conditions, etc. are added to the RFID tag.
In the transportation and storage stage, RFID tags and fixed readers installed along the way are used to track the route and time of the transportation vehicles. Install fixed readers at the import and export of the warehouse to automatically record the entry and exit of the product. Many agricultural products have higher requirements for storage conditions, storage and payment. Use the information recorded in the RFID tag to quickly determine whether the product is suitable for storage in a warehouse and how long it can be stored; when leaving the warehouse, choose the priority to be released according to the storage time The products can avoid economic losses; at the same time, the use of RFID can also realize the rapid inventory of the warehouse, helping managers to know the status of the products in the warehouse at any time.
In the sales phase, merchants use RFID tags to understand the status of purchased products and help merchants implement access management for products. When collecting money, using RFID tags can confirm the price of a customer’s purchase of goods more quickly than using a barcode, and reduce the waiting time for customers. Merchants can write information such as the name of the mall, sales time, and sales personnel into the RFID tag, and confirm the product when the customer returns and recalls the product.
When there is a problem with the product, because the information of the product’s production, processing, transportation, storage, sales and other links is stored in the RFID tag, the entire process can be traced according to the content of the RFID tag, helping to determine the problematic link and the scope of the problem product . Use the reader to quickly find the unsold problem products in the warehouse, and consumers can also use RFID technology to confirm whether the purchased product is the problem product and whether it is within the scope of the recall.
In addition, while adding information to the RFID tag, the information is transmitted to the public database through the network. Ordinary consumers or units purchasing products can effectively help by comparing the content of the RFID tag of the product with the records in the database. Identify counterfeit products.
3. Problems that may occur in the application
Cost and standards are two important issues that affect the promotion of RFID. At present, many countries have formulated multiple RFID standards, but they lack a unified international standard. Although the cost of RFID has dropped a lot, due to the large number of agricultural products and the low prices of some agricultural products, the cost of RFID is still relatively high. At present, it can be used on high value-added products first; for low value-added products, it can be used in boxes after packing.
Data security and privacy protection are also issues that need to be resolved in applications. In the application, it is necessary to prevent illegal reading and writing of the content of the RFID tag, ensure the security of the RFID tag data, and protect the personal privacy of the purchaser. Encryption technology is a way to solve the problem. After using encryption technology to encrypt the content of the RFID tag, only authorized users can read and write the content of the RFID tag.
In addition, many agricultural products contain a lot of moisture, and some RFID tags are difficult to work normally when there is a lot of moisture. When buying RFID tags, you need to choose according to the product situation.
Fourth, the conclusion
RFID technology has many advantages. The application of RFID to the management of agricultural products can effectively strengthen the supervision of agricultural products, improve management levels, and enhance food safety. Although there are still some problems to be solved in the application of RFID, its application prospects are very broad.
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