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1. Project background
The main service targets of nursing homes are the elderly, and the problem of aging is more prominent. Because of their older age, the elderly are more or less physically inconvenient, and the degree of self-care is not as good as that of the young, and they are more prone to accidents. The infrastructure construction in nursing homes is becoming more advanced, and they are generally equipped with gardens, fitness venues, entertainment venues, and leisure venues. These facilities first enrich the lives of the elderly and add luster to the lives of the elderly; at the same time, they also bring potential inconveniences to the elderly. Because the site involves a large area, it is impossible for the management personnel to take care of every elderly person in each location. When an elderly person has a problem, it is necessary for the service personnel to find the location of the elderly person and provide corresponding assistance as quickly as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt an effective way to take care of the elderly, and to determine the location of the elderly in the nursing home in real time and provide timely services to them. “Positioning” is even more important.
Based on the actual situation of nursing homes, Huiqi Wulian Technology has developed the zigbee positioning system for the elderly, and then provides higher quality care and care to the elderly.
2. Program introduction
Every elderly person is equipped with a wristband. The wristband has a built-in ZIGBEE radio frequency card. The card is based on ZIGBEE wireless technology. Using the internationally universal 2.4~2.5GHz frequency band, the wristband can actively send information to the outside world. It can transmit the distance from 0 to 1500 meters. After the information of the wristband is received by the reader, the reader can interpret the information in the card, and then know which old man’s wristband number is? Where is it? The reader then sends the read information to the computer. When the elderly moves to other locations, the computer can monitor the specific location in real time. When an elderly person encounters difficulties anywhere in the community, press the button on the portable wristband, and the computer screen of the supervisor of the monitoring center will immediately display the location of the elderly person, as well as the elderly person’s personal health status, previous diseases, etc. Relevant information provides guidance for medical staff’s quick response and emergency help.
3. System product introduction
3.1 Introduction to ZIGBEE principle
ZIGBEE technology is a new generation of wireless communication technology developed by IEEE (American Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers). Low-cost, low-power, low-speed wireless connection technology that can be applied to fixed, portable or mobile objects or personnel;
ZIGBEE belongs to the 2.4GHZ frequency of the microwave band, which can be transmitted to the reader at a long distance (0~1500 meters); generally it consists of two parts: ZIGBEE tag and ZIGBEE reader. It needs 2.4~3.7V power supply, tag and After the people or objects are bound, they are transmitted to the reader through electromagnetic waves. The reader can transmit data to the computer through the serial port (network port) on the one hand for system analysis and control. The built-in monolithic system processes, analyzes, and controls the received data. The whole transmission process is through wireless transmission, the transmission rate is 250K/s, and the data is encrypted and protected during the transmission process, realizing fast and safe field data collection.
In the process of wireless transmission, ZIGBEE can automatically realize the functions of ad hoc network, multi-hop, and nearby identification. When a single route on the spot has a problem, other routes will automatically find other lines without delaying the operation of the system.
3.2 Introduction to Wristband and Reader
The products in this system all use the 2.4GHz zigbee wireless technology. This technology is very suitable for use in nursing homes because it actively sends data out, has a long transmission distance, very small radiation, and high positioning accuracy.
3.2.1 Wristbands for the elderly
The wristband is divided into 2 parts:
Shell: Made of special medical materials, it will not irritate the skin or feel uncomfortable. It consists of a watchband and a watch head. The watchband can freely adjust the tightness of the strap to the wrist. The watch head has a built-in core chip device.
Chip device: ZIGBEE wireless module, single chip control, SOS alarm module, battery module. The ZIGBEE wireless module is responsible for external and internal data transmission and reception; the single chip is responsible for data analysis, processing and control; the SOS module is the button input for alarm and help; the battery powers the circuit.
The function of the wristband:
The distance of the wristband’s outward transmission can be up to 1500 meters, and the distance can be adjusted by software to meet the use distance and positioning accuracy of the site.
There is an SOS button on the side of the wristband. When the elderly need help, they can press SOS to ask the service staff for help.
Each wristband stores an ID number, which can be used as an electronic identity for the elderly. This ID number is composed of dozens of letters and numbers, and will never be repeated.
Each wristband can also store the personal information of the elderly, such as:
Elderly management: Elderly information, out-of-office registration, elderly situation list, check-in registration, elderly health files, period health file inquiries, check-in information
The above information can be stored in the wristband before wearing the wristband to the elderly. The data in the wristband can be synchronized with the data in the computer.
3.2.2 Reader
Read tags; microwave 2.4~2.5GHz microwave frequency band; read and write distance from tag 0~1500 meters, and the distance can be adjusted by software.
The reader accepts the information from the wristband, converts the data into a digital signal through demodulation, and connects to the computer through a serial port or a network port. The wristband must be used in conjunction with the reader.
The data interaction between the reader and the wristband is divided into two ways:
The first type: the reader passively accepts the information transmitted by the wristband, the wristband can choose to send data to the reader at any time or interval, the reader receives and processes the information, and transmits the information to the computer.
The second type: The reader actively sends instructions to the wristband. When the computer needs to query the location of an elderly person, the computer sends instructions to the reader, and the reader sends electromagnetic waves to the wristband. When the corresponding wristband is received When the reader is instructed, it is activated and sends information to the reader and then reports the position.
The reader can be installed in a hanging or fixed bracket, dustproof and waterproof, and can be installed in any position freely.
4. Introduction to system modules
4.1 System Overview
Wear a wristband for each elderly in the nursing home, and adjust the tightness of the wristband when wearing it to avoid discomfort to the elderly (you can also choose to take it off and wear it freely). Each elderly wristband stores the ID number and elderly information. The ID number is the electronic identification number of the elderly. The elderly information includes: name, age, gender, room number, family information (family, affection number, home address, etc.), medical history file.
Install a certain number of readers in rooms, corridors, stairs, toilets, and mobile homes. When the reader is installed in a certain location, the address number of the reader is bound to the location, such as The No. 1 reader/writer is installed in room 302, so when the No. 1 reader/writer sends information to the computer, the computer knows that it is the information sent by the elderly in room 302.
When the old man is within the recognition range of a certain reader, the reader transmits the wristband number of the old man to the computer, and the computer can immediately determine:
who is it?
Where is it?
Is it an SOS call?
Medical history?
In the danger zone?
In special areas such as forbidden entry and exit?
Is it a rule that is set separately? (If elderly people with Alzheimer’s disease are not allowed to go out alone, they must be assisted by service personnel.)
Is it a time-based rule? (For example, during work and rest hours, elderly people are not allowed to stay outside the courtyard or other rooms.)
The computer will pop up an information box on the screen according to the settings, prompting the manager to deal with it quickly.
4.2 System function module
4.2.1 Automatic reporting of the location of the elderly
The wristband can be set to send information to the reader intermittently and report its location to the system. The system can monitor and manage all elderly people. When an elderly person’s information is not uploaded to the computer, the computer will pop up an alarm dialog. Box, prompting managers to view. The system will automatically draw the action trajectory diagram of the elderly in a certain period of time.
4.2.2 The system queries the location of the elderly
When the manager wants to check the location of an old man, he can input the old man’s name or electronic ID number in the system. If you want to find the 123 number, the system will give all readers instructions to retrieve the 123 number. Information; all readers send information to the outside, when the corresponding ID number is retrieved, the reader that reads the number 123 (such as number 11) will reply to the computer and the computer can determine that the number 123 is ***Place (where the No. 11 reader is installed).
4.2.3 SOS call for the elderly
When the elderly encounter difficulties anywhere in the community, when they press the emergency rescue button on the wristband, an emergency message will be sent to the reader. The reader will upload it to the computer from time to time, and the computer will immediately appear on the computer screen of the manager. Shows the location of the old man, as well as the old man’s personal health status, previous diseases and other related information, and provides guidance for medical staff to respond quickly and ask for emergency help. At the same time, it can also monitor the real-time location of the staff for standardized management and reasonable scheduling.
4.2.4 Automatic alarm in dangerous areas
Due to the insufficient self-care ability of the elderly, certain areas in the activity center or building are recorded as dangerous areas. Install readers at the edge of these areas. When an elderly person approaches, they will be read by the reader. The reader will report to the computer, and the computer will prompt the manager to deal with it. At the same time, it will control the sound and light alarm in the dangerous area. To remind the elderly to pay attention to safety.
4.2.5 Video linkage function
Video surveillance can help managers understand the actual scene of the scene. When there is an SOS alarm, the system controls the camera in the corresponding area, switches to a designated fixed point, and monitors the scene.
4.2.6 Rules are individually set
This function is set for some special elderly people, and some elderly people who need special care need to be limited to a certain range of activities or behaviors.
4.2.7 Time setting rules
Nursing homes often require more elderly people to take care of, and the hospital will have specific management regulations, such as meal time and rest time. For example, when the break time comes, the system will instruct the reader in each room to read the wristband information to determine whether each elderly person is resting in his own room. If the number of people is not enough, or the people in other rooms are in this room, the system It will be judged, and then the management staff will be prompted to persuade the elderly to return to the room.
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