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one.Introduction to Smart Home Background
The origin of the smart home concept is very early, but there has been no specific construction case until 1984, when United Technologies Building System applied the concept of informatization and integration of construction equipment to Conneticut, USA. The first “smart building” appeared when CityPlace Building in Hartford (Hartford), and it has since opened the prelude to the world’s scramble to build smart homes.
After years of accumulation of demand, smart homes are currently generally defined as using computers, networks and integrated wiring technologies to organically combine various subsystems related to home life into a system through a family information management platform. Specifically, it is to first establish a communication network in a home to provide the necessary access for family information. Under the control of the home network operating system, through the corresponding hardware and execution mechanism, it is realized that all the home appliances and equipment on the home network Control and monitoring. Secondly, they must use a certain network platform to form a communication channel with the outside world to achieve communication with the world outside the home and meet the needs of remote control, monitoring and information exchange. Eventually meet people’s needs for safety, comfort, convenience, and environmental protection.
With the development and change of social economic structure, family demographic structure, and information technology, as well as the improvement of human requirements for the safety, comfort, and efficiency of the home environment, the demand for smart homes has greatly increased, and more and more families Smart home products are required not only to meet some basic needs, but also to be simple, convenient and safe in terms of function expansion, extension and even services.
two.Introduction and comparison of common smart home technologies
Although the concept of smart home has emerged very early and market demand has always existed, the development of smart home has not been popularized on a large scale due to the breakthrough of related technologies for a long time. The smart home technologies currently in the market are introduced as follows:
1. Wired method
In this way, all the control signals must be connected by wires, and the signal lines on the controller end are even more frightening, but it is also quite difficult to troubleshoot problems. The shortcomings of the wired way are very prominent, the wiring is complicated, the workload is large, the cost is high, the maintenance is difficult, and the networking is not easy. These shortcomings ultimately lead to the wired smart home only staying in the concept and pilot stage, unable to promote on a large scale.
2. Wireless way
Wireless systems used in smart homes need to meet several characteristics: low power consumption, stability, and easy to expand and connect to the grid; as for the transmission speed, it is obviously not the focus of such applications.There are currently several wireless methods that can be used in smart homes
Bluetooth: It is a radio technology that supports short-distance communication (generally within 10m) of devices. It can exchange information wirelessly among many devices including mobile phones, PDAs, wireless headsets, notebook computers, and related peripherals. However, the communication distance of this technology is too short, and it is a point-to-point communication method, which is not suitable for the requirements of smart homes.
WIFI: In fact, it is another name for IEEE 802.11b. It is an industry term published by an organization called “Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance” (WECA), which is translated as “Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance” in Chinese. It is a short-range wireless transmission technology that can support radio signals for Internet access within a range of hundreds of meters. Its biggest feature is that it is convenient for people to access the Internet anytime and anywhere. However, the shortcomings are obvious for smart home applications, such as high power consumption and strong networking expertise. High power consumption is a very fatal flaw for the deployment of low-power sensors anytime and anywhere, so although wifi is very popular, it only plays a supplementary role in the application of smart homes.
315M/433M/868M/915M: These radio frequency technologies are widely used in vehicle monitoring, remote control, telemetry, small wireless networks, industrial data acquisition systems, wireless tags, identification, non-contact RF and other places. Some manufacturers also introduce them into smart homes. The system, but due to its weak anti-interference ability, inconvenient networking, and general reliability, the application effect in smart homes is not satisfactory, and it is generally good enough to be abandoned by mainstream manufacturers.
Zigbee: The basis of Zigbee is IEEE 802.15. But IEEE only deals with low-level MAC layer and physical layer protocols, so the Zigbee Alliance has expanded IEEE to standardize its network layer protocols and APIs. Zigbee is an emerging short-range, low-rate, low-power wireless network technology, which is mainly used for short-range wireless connections. It has the characteristics of low complexity, low power consumption, low speed, low cost, self-organizing network, high reliability, and beyond the line of sight. It is mainly suitable for application in fields such as automatic control and remote control, and can be embedded in various devices. In short, ZigBee is a cheap, low-power, self-organizing short-range wireless communication technology.
three.Understanding of smart home in the context of the Internet of Things
ZigBee’s initial expected application areas mainly include consumer electronics, energy management, health care, home automation, building automation and industrial automation. With the rise of the Internet of Things, ZigBee has gained new application opportunities. The most common applications at the edge of the Internet of Things are sensors or control units. These are the most basic, core, and most extensive unit cells of the Internet of Things. ZigBee can coordinate and communicate between thousands of tiny sensor transmission units. And these units only need very little energy to transmit data from one network node to another via radio waves in a relay manner, so its communication efficiency is very high. This technology is low power consumption, anti-interference, high reliability, easy to network, easy to expand, easy to use, easy to maintain, easy to quickly and large-scale deployment, and other features conform to the requirements and trends of the development of the Internet of Things. At present, the application of the Internet of Things and ZigBee technology in smart home, industrial monitoring and health care has great integration.
It is worth noting that the rise of the Internet of Things will bring a broad market space for ZigBee. Because the purpose of the Internet of Things is to combine various information sensing transmission units with the Internet to form a huge network. In this huge network, the transmission of data between the sensing transmission unit and the communication network is required, and compared with other wireless In terms of technology, ZigBee, with its advantages in investment, construction, and maintenance, will surely gain wider applications in the field of IoT smart homes.
Four.plan selection
As a standard smart home, it needs to cover a wide range of applications, but the prerequisite must be that any ordinary consumer can install and deploy or even expand the application very simply and quickly, without the need for professional installers to install it. A typical smart home system usually requires the following equipment:
1. Wireless gateway
2. Wireless smart dimmer switch
3. Wireless temperature and humidity sensor
4. Wireless smart socket
5. Wireless infrared transponder
6. Wireless infrared anti-intrusion detector
7. Wireless air quality sensor
8. Wireless doorbell
9. Wireless door sensor and window sensor
10. Solar wireless smart valve
11. Wireless bedside sleep button
12. Wireless gas leak sensor
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