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1. Program overview
1.1 Project background
Commercial building informatization is the basic step of modern building intelligence, and the traditional building management mechanism is changed through the comprehensive application of various information technologies.
The main difference between smart buildings and traditional buildings is “intelligence.” In other words, it not only has the basic management functions of traditional commercial buildings, but also has intelligence (or wisdom). “Intelligence” can be understood as having certain characteristics or functions of “anthropomorphic intelligence”. Smart buildings have the following characteristics: have the ability to perceive changes in the environment and use functions; have the ability to transmit and process perception signals or information; have the ability to comprehensively analyze and judge; have the ability to make decisions, issue instructions and provide action responses .
In recent years, with the rapid growth of informatization demand and the introduction of the concept of smart buildings, major building developers and managers have increasingly demanded building informatization management, and various informatization management methods have been used in the building. , It saves more resources for the building management and greatly improves the management efficiency.
1.2 Demand analysis
Commercial buildings have the characteristics of diverse internal structures, complicated entry and exit of personnel, numerous facilities and equipment in the building, numerous valuable assets, and prone to emergent problems. Traditional commercial building management mainly has the following disadvantages:
The entry and exit of commercial buildings is complicated, and it is impossible to supervise and control everyone, and it is prone to incidents of asset loss.
The internal structure of commercial buildings is complex, and it is impossible to control outsiders from entering the forbidden area at any time.
There are so many devices that it is impossible to monitor the status and usage of all assets.
Because the management party cannot accurately grasp the resource utilization data, it causes excessive and wasteful use of public resources.
There are many potential safety hazards. When an emergency occurs, it is easy to miss the most timely solution, which will cause the situation to become more serious.
Through the use of personnel to inspect and manage, the cost increases and the efficiency is average.
Compared with modern intelligent building management methods, the market competitiveness of traditional building management methods has gradually weakened.
1.3 Program objectives
Aiming at the traditional building management method, Suzhou Yixun specially designed a modern intelligent building management system based on RFID technology to realize the comprehensive management and monitoring of commercial buildings. The system will specifically achieve the following goals:
Improve the overall management and monitoring of personnel and objects in commercial buildings, protect facilities and equipment and valuable assets, and reduce the occurrence of various cases.
Real-time grasp of the status of personnel and objects to improve the efficiency of building management while also preventing emergencies.
Effectively manage the overall environment of the building and its resources, reduce management costs, and improve management quality.
1.4 Solution architecture
1.5 working principle
Intelligent building is an edge and cross-disciplinary subject, involving computer technology, automatic control, communication technology, electronic payment technology, etc., and more and more new technologies are applied in intelligent buildings. Realizing the intelligent management of commercial buildings through RFID technology is to use RFID technology to add tags with a globally unique identification code to all people, cars, and objects in the building for information marking, and to associate them through the system. By analyzing the large amount of data collected by the system, the goal of effective management of all people, vehicles, and objects is achieved. The system can be linked with other equipment in the building, so that the entire building has the characteristics of safety, convenience, high efficiency, and energy saving.
Two, system configuration
2.1 Hardware configuration
Equipment name description performance parameters physical picture
The identification base station is divided into indoor base station and outdoor base station, respectively installed at the door of the building and the area that needs to be covered by the signal inside. The coverage area of the base station is 500-1000 meters under unobstructed conditions, and the installation height is above 3-5 meters. The base station installation density depends on the internal structure of the building.Antenna interface: 3～4 channels, support omnidirectional antenna and directional antenna
Working frequency: 2.4GHz
Recognition distance: 1～1000m, adjustable
Minimum receiving sensitivity: -101dBm
Working voltage: DC9V～48V
Working temperature: -25℃～60℃
Protection level: IP65
Tag: The tag is an active tag, which consists of a coupling element and a chip. The tag contains a built-in antenna for communication with the radio frequency antenna. Each tag has a globally unique electronic code, which is attached to the object and the human body to identify the target object; various sensors can be installed according to different needs, and the appearance can be customized. The tag card is light and compact, easy to carry, can be installed on all items that need to be monitored and managed, and can also be worn by the person who needs to manage the brand-name tag card to achieve the purpose of managing both personnel and items.Battery model: button battery (CR2032) 1
Rated working voltage: 3V
Working current: ≤16mA
Battery life:> 1 year
Working conditions:
Ambient temperature: -10℃～55℃
Operating frequency: 2455 MHz
Transmission method: O-QPSK
Transmitting power: ≤-10dBm (adjustable)
Receiving sensitivity: -101dBm (adjustable)
Transmission distance: (0～150)m (unobstructed)
Smart sensors can be installed in base stations and tag cards, and one or more sensors can be installed at the same time as required, such as pressure sensors, gravity sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, hazardous gas sensors, etc.
Hand-held card reader is also called portable hand-held card reader, a device that reads (or writes) tag information; the card reader is connected to a computer system to analyze, process and save information. Managers can hold the card reader to read the information of the person or item under management. The hand-held card reader is small and light, and can be customized according to needs. The card reader can also be used for smart navigation and smart patrol in the building.
Other equipment Because the system has very good expansion functions, it can be linked with cameras, printers, various alarm facilities, indoor electrical equipment, etc. in the building according to customer needs, which fully guarantees the safety of the building from all aspects .
2.2 Software configuration
Software configuration, hardware configuration, client configuration
Operating system server software database database server and acquisition memory hard disk network card browser operating system
SQL Server2000 SP4 Tomcat 6.0 Oracle 10i Intel Xeon3.0G×2 1G 73G×2 SCSI 1000M IE7.0, Firefox3.0 XP SP3
3. Software function design
3.1 Personnel Management
Personnel monitoring and management is mainly aimed at the characteristics of large commercial buildings, complex personnel entry and exit, and high supervision difficulty. Through the establishment of base stations at the entrance and exit of the supervision area, the passage in the building, and some necessary areas, the entire supervision area is effectively covered. , And then equip the management personnel and the owners of the company with corresponding RFID electronic tags. Each tag has a globally unique ID number, which can identify the unique identity of the user, so as to realize the integration of personnel in the entire area of the commercial building Management, such as personnel positioning, trajectory, attendance management, etc.
Personnel RFID supervision mainly realizes the following basic functions:
Basic detailed information management;
Personnel positioning: real-time understanding of the accurate position of each person wearing a tag in the management area;
Personnel statistics: managers can know the number of people in a certain area at any time;
Personnel activity route management: real-time monitoring and historical query of personnel activity routes can be carried out;
The command center and security personnel can exchange information about the situation in the area;
If illegal personnel enter the designated area, the system will issue an alarm;
Patrol and query key locations;
Staff attendance management: Real-time understanding of staff arrival status and time when fixed staff leave their posts.
3.2 Asset Management
Due to the high mobility of people in the commercial building area, its valuable equipment, security equipment, confidential information and other assets are scattered in a wide area, and some assets are used by different people at different times, so the supervision and statistics on the use of important assets are more complicated, so according to Its characteristic is to manage asset equipment and confidential information with the digital modernization system of MOT Metropolitan Internet of Things.
Asset location: Managers can query the location of assets in the system in real time, or handheld smart PDAs can easily find the location of assets when needed;
Area management: managers can understand the types, quantities, and information of assets in a certain area in real time;
Quantity statistics: managers can know the number of assets in the building or in a certain area in time;
Real-time asset inspection records: inspectors carry hand-held RFID readers, perform equipment inspections, upload inspection records in real time, and understand the past inspection records, so that inspection information is continuous, and paper and duplicate records are also reduced;
Historical positioning: Query the position and movement track of fixed assets within a certain period of time, and check the management personnel who deposit and withdraw the assets each time;
Illegal movement alarm: When the asset owner takes out the asset and moves to the door base station, the card reader reads two matching cards and will pass through; when the non-asset owner takes out the asset and moves to the door, because the two cards are not If it matches, the system will alarm and track the direction of the asset’s movement to help managers retrieve the asset as soon as possible. ,
Asset detailed information and lease management: The asset tag should include the equipment name, model, attribution, custodian, warranty period, statistical time, and status. The management personnel can modify these contents through a handheld card reader. The entire leasing management process of equipment, including equipment storage, storage, inventory, transfer and maintenance, etc., is tracked and managed throughout the entire process.
Video surveillance guidance: the system is linked with the camera, and when theft occurs, the surveillance camera is guided to track and shoot;
Personal asset matching: The main tag carried by the asset manager can match multiple item tags, and the asset manager can perform matching setting management by itself;
Asset anti-theft alarm: For valuable assets and treasures, the active RFID electronic tag attached to it maintains wireless communication with the readers installed around it. When it is stolen, it will alarm in the form of sound and light alarm, and Remind the asset manager with mobile phone text messages, and at the same time, make an alarm through the interface with the public security and security platforms;
Illegal opening alarm: In case of illegal opening of security assets (such as fire-fighting equipment), the system will automatically alarm;
Asset management personnel information management: the information of each manager, including: name, user name, card number, administrator level (ordinary administrator, super administrator), only the super administrator can modify the asset information and status, ordinary administrators only Can view information.
Automatic alarm for label damage.
Sectional view of asset management diagram
3.3 Small consumer electronic payments
Because high-frequency RFID electronic chips have read-write properties, two chips are built in the same tag hardware to form a dual-frequency card without any interference between each other. Therefore, it can be freely charged into the tag card, which can not only realize online payment, but also can carry out catering, small shopping and other consumption in commercial buildings, thus avoiding the inconvenience of building owners and staff always carrying wallets. The putting into use of this system will reduce the amount of cash that the sellers have on hand to make change, and it will also bring a lot of convenience to the owners and staff.
3.4 Parking management
Parking management is mainly through equipping all vehicles in commercial buildings and parking places with corresponding sensor tag cards, realizing the management of vehicles within the signal coverage area, and cooperating with other applications (for example: active security protection systems for valuable assets, etc.) Linkage, according to the formulation of corresponding emergency response plans, to achieve timely and accurate reporting and handling of emergencies.
The vehicle tag can achieve the following functions:
Real-time location management of vehicles in the building area;
Trajectory tracking of vehicle driving route;
Vehicle detailed information display;
Vehicle in and out statistics query;
(For vehicles that regularly enter the management area, statistics can be done without stopping);
Real-time monitoring of whether VIP parking spaces are occupied
Statistics of parking spaces in the management area;
3. 5 Statistics
The system is mainly based on data collection and processing. In the process of realizing the monitoring and management of personnel, assets, etc., it is very convenient and quick to collect large recorded data to form a large information database. The system can provide necessary statistics and analysis functions according to the needs of system management, provide useful statistical data for various management departments in time, and can output various statistical reports.
3.6 Secret-related asset management
The intelligent building management information system is tightly integrated with the wireless identification system, and a complete set is formed through the design of the basic information of the confidential carrier, the system hardware configuration configuration, the information management of the use of the confidential carrier, the monitoring of the access of the confidential carrier, and the integrated interface design with other systems , Independent information management system, in order to strengthen the security and confidentiality management of the secret carrier involved. The system also has a complete security management function module to prevent unauthorized users from logging in and protect the digital data in the carrier. At the same time, it has a complete historical data maintenance and management function module, which provides a way for the massive data processing of the secret-related carrier management system in the future.
3.7 Alarm linkage
Alarm linkage refers to the linkage between the intelligent building management system and a series of alarm systems in the building. Such as linkage with cameras, car alarms, access control systems, vehicle release systems, indoor electrical equipment, and fire alarms in public areas. Take the system and camera linkage as an example: video security linkage monitoring and management provides two-way communication functions, mainly using RFID-based positioning technology combined with video monitoring systems to realize an intelligent information monitoring platform for commercial buildings, and realize the function between RFID cards and video monitoring Linkage, real-time monitoring of the occurrence of abnormal situations in the station, realizing early prevention and early warning of abnormal behaviors and situations.
3.8 Asset transportation control
Since it is a commercial building inevitably needs to purchase a large number of facilities and equipment and some valuable assets, in order to ensure that the assets can be effectively monitored and managed from the time of purchase, we will monitor the transportation vehicles and the materials in the vehicles throughout the process, and can communicate with GPS linkage ensures the standardization and safety of the entire transportation process. According to the different nature of transportation assets, various sensors such as temperature, pressure, humidity, light sensor, etc. can be installed to perceive the transportation environment, analyze the system data, and transmit it to management personnel for real-time monitoring to ensure asset quality. If an illegal setting occurs, the system will send an alarm message in time.
3.9 Environmental testing management
Use sensors to perceive specific parameters of the environment and monitor in real time:
Detect the temperature and humidity value of the air environment through the temperature and humidity sensor to understand the temperature and humidity status of the measurement environment;
Through the dust sensor, detect the pollution degree of dust in the air environment;
Through the gas sensor, detect the concentration of harmful gases in the atmosphere in the environment;
Detect the intensity of light in the environment through the illuminance sensor;
Through the wind speed sensor, detect the wind size/level status in the environment;
Through the PH detection sensor (water quality), detect the acid-base strength of the water quality;
Detect the moisture content in the soil through the soil moisture sensor;
Through the rain sensor, it is detected that the rainfall is the rainfall of rain;
Through the noise sensor, detect the pollution degree of the noise in the environment;
Through the PH detection sensor (water quality), detect the acid-base strength of the water quality;
The signal acquisition host provides 1 RS485 digital interface, which is wirelessly transmitted to the central monitoring room through the ZigBee module, and then functions such as statistical data, list display, and drawing analysis through the background software.
3.10 Energy saving and emission reduction
The data source of this function is obtained through three data transmission methods: online monitoring, manual reporting, and system transfer, which can collect energy consumption data, water consumption data, etc.
The platform can mainly realize online monitoring, statistical analysis, energy efficiency analysis and other functions through the collection, sorting, calculation, and analysis of energy consumption data.
Sectional view of energy saving and emission reduction management
Four, system performance characteristics
4.1 Strong reliability, low cost and easy expansion
High recognition reliability: 100% front-end recognition rate. As long as the goods are properly equipped with 2.4GHZ active radio frequency cards, they can be read by card readers installed nearby;
Long recognition distance (0-1200 meters): It can reach a signal coverage distance of 1200M, and the information sent by the tag card within this range will be read;
Very high anti-collision, each detection point can identify up to 200 tags at the same time.
Using direct-sequence spread spectrum technology, strong anti-interference ability, small interference to other equipment in the same frequency band;
Use AES encryption technology to encrypt the transmitted data to ensure the reliability and safety of data transmission;
Compatible with international standards for wireless sensors;
The base station integrates communication modules such as RS485, Ethernet, GPRS, CDMA, etc., which is convenient for application and expansion;
The overall hardware cost is low, which reduces the overall system cost;
Small size, easy to install and maintain;
Strong signal penetration and diffraction ability, high integration, good compatibility, simple and fast communication;
4-2 High safety and stability
With intrinsic safety and waterproof performance, with encryption function;
High anti-interference, no special requirements for interference near the warehouse and perimeter environment, strong environmental adaptability;
The device failure rate is minimized and the operation is reliable;
It adopts active identification card, with extremely low transmitting power, no electromagnetic pollution, maintenance-free, and safe to use.
High recognition stability, truly achieve no error codes and no missing cards;
4-3 Simple and convenient operation
The software has a full Chinese menu with a unified and standardized operation interface;
Integrated wireless monitoring structure design, convenient and quick installation;
The built-in battery of the identification card, ultra-low power consumption;
You can replace the battery and continue to use it.
4-4 Rich query and report functions
Query and report output, printing functions are simple and easy to operate;
Inquire about various item information and track items;
Various information reports can be output as required.
Five, construction cost estimate
Public area (open area, fully open building) full signal coverage requirements: 8-10 base stations/square kilometer
Complex environment (such as semi-open buildings, workshops, etc.) Full signal coverage requirements: 10-15 base stations/km2
6. Prospects
The construction of integrated information management platforms such as the digital modern commercial buildings of the Internet of Things is the product of the development of network technology in the information age, and is also the trend of the future commercial building informatization construction. The reasonable development and utilization of these resources will make the tourism business unit manage the personnel, Various services such as security precautions and resource control have received different results, and the overall management level and service capabilities of commercial buildings will be greatly improved.
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