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After years of development, electricity has become one of the most important energy sources in the country, and gradually meets the needs of industrial electricity and residential electricity, and solves the contradiction between the supply and demand of electric energy. At the same time, the development of electronic technology, computer technology and network technology has made it possible for the power supply and consumption departments, neighborhood committees or property management departments to standardize, automate, and network charging for power supply and use management. In the transformation or development of watt-hour meters, various types of meters such as magnetic card type meters, electrical card type meters, IC card meters, full electronic meters, and watt-hour meters with communication interfaces have appeared. In the meter reading method, the GPRS DTU remote automatic wireless meter reading terminal is used to solve the problems of slow speed, poor reliability, and low degree of automation in the traditional manual meter reading method. After several years of practical application, it has received good results and has become the mainstream of electricity management in my country.
1. The architecture of GPRS DTU remote wireless meter reading terminal
The GPRS DTU remote wireless meter reading terminal collects the electrical indications of remote industrial meters and civil meters through the GPRS wireless network, and transmits the collected data to the power management department in a wireless manner to realize wireless automatic meter reading. There is no need for human involvement in the whole process, which facilitates users and improves efficiency.
The whole system of GPRS DTU wireless meter reading system is mainly composed of system management center, data adapter, wireless transmission module (GPRS DTU), smart meter with communication interface, etc. The architecture of the entire system is a typical distributed control system, which has a tree network structure.
2. Several main issues considered in the design of GPRS DTU wireless meter reading system
1. The choice of electric meter
With the application of electronic technology and single-chip technology in electric meters, intelligent electric meters appear, which can be roughly divided into two types: electromechanical type with microprocessor and fully electronic type. The electromechanical type borrows the movement of the original induction type watt-hour meter, and measures the user’s electricity consumption through the photoelectric sensor to read the turntable revolutions, such as magnetic card type electricity meter, electricity card type electricity meter, IC card electricity meter, etc.; and fully electronic electricity meter The meter adopts the voltage and current isolation method, performs A/D conversion, multiplies the sampled value and accumulates the user’s power consumption. Electromechanical smart meters are low-cost, and are mainly used for single-phase watt-hour meters, suitable for residential users. All electronic meters are mainly used for three-phase electricity billing, and are aimed at enterprise applications. In order to realize remote automatic wireless meter reading, you should choose a smart meter equipped with a communication interface. Usually there are several interface forms such as RS-485, RS-232, CAN bus transceiver or infrared.
2. Communication method
The core of GPRS DTU remote wireless meter reading terminal is to use computer network and communication technology to automatically count the power consumption of each user through GPRS wireless network, twisted pair, telephone line, power line infrared and other communication methods, and send it to remote monitoring Center to realize automatic meter reading. Here we focus on the meter reading method of GPRS wireless network transmission.
The GPRS wireless communication method is not restricted by time and region. As long as the area covered by the mobile network can wirelessly read the meter, the GPRS DTU wireless meter reading module can also maintain a long-term online status. The management center can get the meter at any time through the computer. Accurate data.
3. Data adapter
Different transmission media have different types of data adapters. For example, telephone lines and data adapters are wired MODEMs; power lines and data adapters are power line MODEMs; video cables and data adapters are CABLE MODEM: For the residential area integrated wiring system (PDS), the data adapter is in the form of a network card.
4. Wireless transmission module (GRPS DTU)
In the remote wireless meter reading system with a tree network structure, the GPRS DTU wireless transmission module is equivalent to an intelligent management machine.
Its main functions: First, collect and process the data of each watt-hour meter (such as electricity indication number, meter status), and then according to the requirements of the central station, transmit the data from the data adapter to the central station via the communication medium. The second is the ability to store the address of the affiliated watt-hour meter according to the order of the central station, and set the important parameters of the affiliated watt-hour meter (such as the meter constant, the base number of the meter); the third is the networking function and the ability to communicate with multiple meters Point-to-point or point-to-multipoint signal communication and data transmission between.
3. Optimized design of GPRS DTU wireless meter reading system
When designing a remote automatic wireless meter reading terminal, the reliability of data transmission, the feasibility of project implementation, system compatibility and scalability should be considered. At the same time, the system should have the characteristics of low investment, quick results, and wide application range. .
1. For the existing wiring system
For the built community, when constructing the GPRS DTU wireless meter reading system, line transformation should be minimized, and various existing wiring systems should be fully utilized. In this case, the communication medium for data transmission is wireless. The design scheme is: the communication medium between the system management center and the wireless transmission module (GPRS DTU) can be GPRS wireless network, and the communication method is mobile wireless communication. SMS can be used between the wireless transmission module (GPRS DTU) and the meter.
2. For the new type of residential distribution system (PDS) or optical fiber coaxial hybrid
For the new type of community, HFC should make full use of various network resources to realize the meter reading mode based on wireless network. The design plan is: the communication medium between the system management center and the wireless transmission module (GPRS DTU) selects the integrated wiring system of the community, and the twisted-pair cable can be used between the wireless transmission module (GPRS DTU) and the electric meter.
Four, concluding remarks
Due to the successful application of GPRS wireless communication in automatic wireless meter reading terminals, GPRS DTU wireless meter reading terminals have developed rapidly. If the automatic wireless meter reading terminal is connected to the bank’s computer network, the charge can be completed directly through the bank, which greatly improves the economic and social benefits.
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