chrispeng [ad_1]
1 Significance of ETC’s non-stop toll collection system
With the rapid development of the national economy, my country’s comprehensive national strength has continued to increase, and the transportation infrastructure has been greatly improved. In particular, a nationwide high-grade highway network with expressways as the backbone is gradually being formed. As of the end of 2010, the total mileage of my country’s highway network reached 3.984 million kilometers. Among them, the expressway has grown from 41,000 kilometers at the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan to 74,000 kilometers, ranking second in the world, laying a solid foundation for the leap-forward development of transportation. To some extent, the construction of expressways has eased the bottleneck and restrictive effect of traffic in economic construction. However, as the economy continues to grow rapidly, the traffic capacity of the road network is becoming less and less able to meet the needs of the ever-increasing traffic flow, resulting in serious traffic congestion, frequent traffic accidents, and increased environmental pollution.
According to the “Yangcheng Evening News” report: As of the end of 2010, the country’s civilian car ownership reached 85 million, of which 70 million were private cars. National automobile production and sales have grown rapidly. In 2009, domestic automobile production and sales were 13.791 million and 13.644 million, respectively, an increase of 48.30% and 46.15% year-on-year. The domestic production and sales of passenger vehicles were 10.838 million and 10.331,300 respectively, an increase of 54% and 53% year-on-year.
With the increasing number of vehicles, road congestion has become a disease in many large cities in my country, and it has evolved from a traffic phenomenon to a social problem that needs to be solved urgently, causing huge economic losses and environmental pollution. According to CCTV authoritative media reports, the annual loss caused by traffic jams in Beijing alone is as high as 14.6 billion yuan. The economic loss caused by road congestion for urban residents in Beijing is 375 yuan/year per capita, ranking first among major cities in the country, and it has been dubbed the “first congestion”. Traffic congestion will significantly increase vehicle fuel consumption, which in turn will increase vehicle exhaust emissions. According to statistics from relevant departments, the average vehicle speed drops from 40km/h to 20km/h, which will increase fuel consumption by about 31%. Beijing has analyzed the contribution rate of various pollution sources to the emission of gas pollutants, and the sharing rate of the emission concentration of CO, NOX, HC and PM by motor vehicles has reached 92%, 64%, 51% and 23%, respectively. Exhaust emissions have become the main source of urban air pollution, endangering people’s health and sustainable economic development. According to reports, the economic loss caused by traffic congestion accounted for about 1.7% of GDP. Last year, my country’s road traffic accidents killed about 110,000 people and lost 3.7 billion. Among the world’s top ten polluted cities, China accounted for seven.
Practical experience at home and abroad has proved that when a country’s transportation has developed to a certain level, it is not only restricted by investment and many other conditions to solve the traffic congestion problem by simply relying on the construction of road facilities, but the effect is also limited. How to achieve effective command, coordinated control and management of various vehicles has become an important issue faced by the transportation and safety management departments. For example, the Guangzhou-Foshan Expressway has seen a five-fold increase in traffic in the six years since it was opened to traffic. The original four-lane lanes have been saturated and are preparing to expand to six-lane lanes. However, the demand for continuous traffic growth obviously cannot be endless. Driveway expansion to meet.
After long-term and extensive research, developed countries have shifted from relying mainly on building more roads and expanding the scale of road networks to solve the growing traffic demand, to using high-tech technology to transform the existing road transportation system and management system, thereby To achieve the goal of greatly improving the traffic capacity and service quality of the road network. ETC (Electronic Toll Collection System) electronic non-stop toll collection system came into being. ETC is particularly suitable for use in highways or bridges and tunnels with heavy traffic. It not only greatly improves the environmental pollution caused by dense vehicles on the road, reduces vehicle jams, and makes driving safer, but also greatly improves the efficiency of tolls on roads and bridges. ETC can also be used as a way and means of congestion charging to alleviate urban congestion to a certain extent.
2 ETC makes traffic safer compared to MTC
The installation of toll stations has affected traffic safety to a considerable extent, and traffic accidents such as rear-end collisions, side collisions, and collisions often occur in toll areas. The implementation of the ETC system will greatly change the traffic safety status of the toll area, which is mainly reflected in:
Under the ETC system, reducing the changes in traffic speed, resulting in a corresponding reduction in the number of rear-end collisions;
The driver’s operation in the ETC dedicated lane is relatively simplified, which reduces the possibility of side collisions and collisions.
ETC can effectively alleviate traffic congestion
ETC can save investment and operating costs
In terms of charging operation, manual charging has problems such as low charging operation efficiency, manual charging requires more manpower, operation and management costs, and occupying more land resources. After the implementation of the ETC system, operational efficiency will be greatly improved, and investment costs and operating expenses will be greatly reduced.
3 Overall architecture of ZTE’s ETC non-stop toll collection system
As shown in the figure below, the overall architecture of ZTE’s ETC non-stop toll collection system: In each device of the lane subsystem, the electronic tag read-write antenna (roadside unit RSU) is directly connected to the lane computer at the toll booth, and the read-write antenna is connected to the vehicle. The information exchange between electronic tags is directly controlled by the lane control application;
Other equipment such as automatic railings, toll display, lane traffic lights, vehicle detectors and other equipment are connected to the lane computer through the lane controller and controlled by the application program. The video signal is transmitted to the toll station after superimposing the passing information through the character overlay. On the monitor.
4 Advantages and characteristics of ZTE’s ETC non-stop toll collection system
High-consistency design, effectively reducing car following interference: To solve the problem of car following interference, it is basically to solve the continuity and stability of the coverage area of the roadside equipment RSU, and to solve the consistency of the on-board unit OBU, which solves these two problems. Basically, it can be guaranteed that the vehicle that enters the trading area first performs the transaction, and the vehicle that enters the trading area later performs the transaction, thereby solving the problem of car following interference. The RSU communication area of ZTE’s roadside equipment can be accurately controlled within the range of 5-8 meters. At the same time, the on-board unit OBU adopts the most mature single-chip design in the industry with high consistency. The difference between different OBUs is controlled within ±1db, which is equivalent to the communication distance. The maximum difference is 1 meter. At the same time, the communication transaction sensitivity of OBU is much higher than the wake-up sensitivity (the wake-up sensitivity is -40db, and the transaction sensitivity is -50db). The occurrence of car interference.
High-end antenna technology effectively suppresses adjacent channel interference: ZTE’s OBU antenna adopts an integrated transceiver design, which significantly increases gain and reduces the horizontal half-power lobe width, which can effectively suppress adjacent channel interference.
The horizontal pattern of ZTE OBU is shown in the figure. The national standard requires the half-power lobe width of the OBU antenna to be less than 70 degrees. The index of most products in the industry is about 70 degrees, while the index of ZTE is less than 40 degrees, which is far better than the national standard requirement and can more effectively suppress neighbors. Road interference.
Unique network management function, easy remote configuration of equipment: ZTE is the only company in the industry to provide a carrier-grade network management system, which can remotely monitor in real time, that is, you can see the charging status of the entire network in the monitoring center; remotely manage roadside equipment to achieve remote upgrades , Alarm processing, greatly reducing maintenance and operation costs.
The network management system has good scalability. The system provides functions in the form of components, provides services with a service bus, a separable and combinable software architecture, and convenient and fast software upgrades; the equipment is highly manipulable, and it is convenient to add and modify equipment configuration parameters , It can monitor the operating status of the equipment in real time, update the software version of the equipment conveniently, verify the business between the equipment and the label, and diagnose the hardware status of the equipment; friendly interface design, consistent interface style, simple and convenient operation.
Advanced antenna array effectively solves forward interference: ZTE’s advanced antenna array solution uses multiple antennas to cover multiple lanes and distributed transactions. It is a multi-lane free flow system solution. It has problems in forward interference and free flow. The above has a unique solution. The solution has powerful computing power and can fully meet the requirements of the urban road and bridge ETC free flow system.
Automatic temperature compensation to adapt to a wider temperature range: Relying on long-term research and development accumulation, ZTE adopts an advanced automatic temperature compensation mechanism on the RSU, especially in low temperature environments. This mechanism provides a basis for the normal operation of the equipment and is effective Ensure that the output power of the RSU is not affected by changes in the ambient temperature, thereby ensuring that the antenna coverage of the RSU is not affected by the ambient temperature, and is stable and reliable
Automatic power calibration to ensure accurate equipment power: ZTE’s RSUs are automatically calibrated before leaving the factory to ensure that there is no difference when different RSUs are configured with the same power, and to ensure the consistency of transmission power.
The automatic power calibration technology is ZTE’s proprietary technology. The roadside equipment RSU can be automatically adjusted in real time according to changes in the wireless environment to ensure the stability of the coverage area in the actual application environment.
Fast transaction capability to ensure shorter transaction time: design unique software architecture, patented technology to optimize the use and management of RAM, speed up the coding and decoding speed of communication data, shorten the software processing command time, and ensure the on-board unit OBU and roadside unit RSU and issuance The inspection equipment completes fast transactions. The unique wake-up method and extremely short wake-up time shorten the transaction time more effectively.
Advanced software architecture to meet the needs of rapid customization: ZTE RSU has an advanced operating system platform, powerful file management, memory management, network management and other functions, as well as better functional scalability. The advanced hierarchical structure and component architecture are adopted in the realization of the communication protocol to meet the requirements of the national standard, and can quickly provide customized services for the needs of various regions.
Dual power supply mode to prolong the service life of the tag: ZTE OBU adopts the dual power supply mode of lithium sub-battery and solar battery, which effectively guarantees the service life of the electronic tag.
Ultra-wide input voltage, adapt to various grid environments: ZTE RSU power supply supports AC 220V/110V two modes, can work normally within a wide voltage input range of 85V to 300V, and can adapt to harsh grid environments such as remote areas.
Advanced EMC design, adapt to various electromagnetic environments: The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of RSU is a very important quality index, which not only relates to the working reliability and safety of the product itself, but also may affect other equipment and The normal operation of the system is related to the protection of the electromagnetic environment.
ZTE RSU adopts advanced EMC design, has strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability and very low electromagnetic energy radiation, and the product has passed ZTE’s strict EMC test. ZTE’s EMC testing standards are more stringent than national standards.
[ad_2]
