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1 Comprehensive development of rail transit stations
A worldwide problem in the construction of urban rail transit is that the construction cost is huge and the construction period is very long. As a public welfare undertaking, rail transit can only provide high-quality services at low freight rates. Its important role in stimulating land development along the line and promoting land value-added is often overlooked, resulting in a disconnect between urban land use planning and urban rail transit planning. The purpose of the comprehensive development of rail transit stations is to combine rail transit planning with land use and urban planning around the site, so that real estate development and rail transit can be planned at the same time. While planning the comprehensive development of the site, it also draws on the successful experience of the Hong Kong Metro and uses the “Metro + Property” development model to realize property development “feedback” rail transit construction.
2 Comprehensive development of parking lot area
2.1 The functions and characteristics of the parking lot
The urban rail transit parking lot has associated vehicles and is the basic production unit that undertakes the management, maintenance, and inspection of vehicles. The operation scope of the parking lot basically includes daily maintenance such as train parking, marshalling and daily inspection, general troubleshooting, cleaning and cleaning, and regular disinfection. According to the requirements of the operation and management mode, it is responsible for the crew operations of the trains assigned to the depot when necessary. Depots and parking lots are important components of the rail transit system. They usually occupy a large area and are extremely incompatible with the surrounding urban environment and planning and development. They usually have the following characteristics.
(1) Rail transit parking lot is a more complex and demanding rail transit vehicle application base.
(2) It occupies a large scale. According to the task definition and process requirements in operation, the planned site area is usually more than 10 hm.
(3) The frequent entry and exit of trains affects the surrounding environment. The entrance and exit lines connected to the parking lot are sometimes more than 1 km in length, which is extremely inconsistent with urban construction and seriously affects the surrounding environment.
2.2 The purpose and principles of comprehensive development of parking lots
The comprehensive development of the superstructure of the rail transit parking lot aims to combine the comprehensive development plan of the site with the rail transit parking lot planning and layout scheme without affecting the utilization function of the parking lot, and to carry out the property on or around the parking lot structure. Development to achieve the purpose of intensive use of land, improving the surrounding environment, and creating good social and economic benefits. The parking lot combined with the integrated property development model must be attached to the rail transit station, otherwise the advantages of the integrated station development cannot be brought into play. At present, there have been examples of property development projects in urban rail transit depots and parking lots in China. For example, the Beijing Metro Fuba Line depot used the upper cover of the depot to carry out a comprehensive development of commercial and residential communities, but the project was not planned and designed at one time, so many problems were exposed in the subsequent development and construction.
3 Layout plan of parking lot
A Shanghai Rail Transit line is guided by the comprehensive development of the site, and the parking lot located near the starting station in the line plan is set in the site of the comprehensive development site selection site, combined with the comprehensive development of the site, and the one-time planning and design is completed. High-intensity property development was carried out on the parking lot, which not only improved the surrounding environment, but also brought huge social and economic benefits. The following takes this parking lot as an example to analyze the impact of its layout plan on comprehensive development.
3.1 Overview of parking lot
The parking lot is located near the starting point of the line. Through the analysis of its functions and tasks in the Shanghai rail transit network and the operation of the line, combined with the concept of comprehensive development, the scale of the parking lot has been optimized, and the final decision is as follows: Check the line with 12 strands, with 2 trains parked on each lane, with a total of 24 rows, which will be completed at one time. Set up a car wash line, and set up some professional maintenance work areas in the parking lot according to the needs of each professional in the subordinate car depot.
3.2 Analysis of layout plan
The layout scheme of the parking lot at the starting station can be divided into two types: reverse connection scheme and sequential connection scheme. According to the conditions of the plot, analyze the available schemes for the parking lot.
3.2.1 Plan A
As shown in Figure 1, the parking lot of the parking lot is close to the starting station, and the parking lot entry and exit lines are connected to the starting station using the reverse connection scheme. In the reverse mode, when the train enters and exits the parking lot, the direction of operation must be changed on the pull-out line, which increases the working time. However, this problem can be solved by the parking lot dispatcher deploying the train driver during operation. The biggest advantage of this scheme is to make the parking lot rely on the rail transit station and use its upper cover for comprehensive large platform development, making full use of land resources. At the same time, using the parking garage to inspect the upper cover for large platform commercial development, which can bring huge economic benefits. Benefits and social benefits.
3.2.2 Scheme B
As shown in Figure 2, on the basis of considering the smooth connection of the parking lot and the station, at the same time, it is ensured that the station and yard can be set up in the plot of the comprehensive development site. The entry and exit line of the depot in this scheme is a turning curve. According to the requirements of the subway design specification, the station needs to be located on the south side of the planned road if the curve radius requirement is met. The entrance and exit lines of the parking lot are connected to the parking lot with a gradient of 12.8% o after crossing the planned road by a viaduct. This plan maintains the smooth connection between the parking lot and the station, but the access line is too long, which affects the landscape and environment of the comprehensive development area and increases the project cost. The parking lot is separated from the station, and the comprehensive development of the large platform of the parking lot cannot be realized.
3.2.3 Scheme C
As shown in Figure 3, keep the parking lot connected to the station and arrange the parking lot in the planned plot. Due to the limitation of the length of the site for comprehensive development, the Chengbei Road station must be located on the west side of Chengbei Road. In this scheme, the station is separated from the parking lot, which loses the significance of comprehensive development and utilization. At the same time, the access line splits the land into two parts, which is difficult to develop.
3.2.4 Plan D
As shown in Figure 4, the station is changed to a ground station, the parking lot is directly connected to Chengbei Road Station, and the trains enter and exit the parking lot smoothly. Operation is also convenient. However, the parking lot is separated from Chengbei Road Station, and comprehensive development cannot be realized, which reduces economic benefits. After calculation, the length of the entry and exit line cannot meet the requirements of the subway standard signal conversion operation length, and the plan is not feasible. Based on the above analysis and comparison, the parking lot layout scheme in Scheme A can not only meet the needs of rail transit operations, but also is most conducive to the implementation of comprehensive development planning. Although the reversal of stations and yards may bring some extra work in operation, it can be controlled by corresponding dispatch management. When finalizing the parking lot plan, use the plan as the basis to deepen the design work.
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Figure 1 Station reversal plan
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Figure 2 The scheme of connecting the depots to the back curve
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Figure 3 Sequential connection scheme of stations
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Figure 4 Ground station plan
3.3 Economic benefits of comprehensive development
Use the setup plan of station and yard reverse connection to design the property development on the parking lot (see Table 1). It can be seen that the mode of comprehensive development of properties above the parking lot not only saves land and improves the surrounding environment, but also brings huge economic benefits and realizes the sustainable development of rail transit.
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4 Issues for further research in comprehensive development
The above analysis and comparison are only from the perspective of the impact of the parking lot layout plan on the comprehensive development planning of the site. In addition, in the planning and design of the comprehensive development of the superstructure of the parking lot, there are still many problems that require in-depth analysis and research.
4.1 Scale of parking lot
On the premise of meeting operational functions, it is very necessary to optimize the scale and land use of urban rail transit depots and parking lots through resource sharing, but there is no complete standard yet. The design of the parking lot should be based on the planning of the rail transit network and the short-term and long-term operation needs of the line, clarify the tasks undertaken, strictly control the scale and various facilities, and use the land rationally. This can reduce project investment and avoid idle equipment. It can also save land resources and improve land utilization.
4.2 Setting up stations for rail transit
Generally speaking, if a parking lot is not supported by a station, it has no other use value except for the parking function. Therefore, rail transit stations need to be considered comprehensively with parking lots. In line planning, comprehensive development should be taken as the guideline. The research on rail transit network planning should be strengthened, so that large-scale facilities such as rail transit parking lots and depots should be relied on by stations. Building property development.
4.3 Environmental impact
The exhaust gas, waste liquid, waste residue, and noise generated by the parking lot shall be comprehensively treated, in line with the current national and local governance and emission standards. Strengthening the analysis and prevention of vibration and noise in the parking lot can effectively improve the quality of the upper development. When necessary, it is necessary to increase the corresponding environmental protection facilities to reduce the impact of the parking lot on the surrounding environment.
4.4 Architectural design
After the parking lot is integrated with the property development, the design process must fully consider the technical requirements of the parking lot, the commercial needs of the property development, and the impact on the surrounding roads and buildings. In terms of structural design safety, in-depth consideration is needed; at the same time, for such large-scale buildings, further research is needed in the design of drainage and building energy saving. Otherwise, it will affect the operation of rail transit, will be very unfavorable to the entire building, and will have a negative impact on the society.
4.5 Implemented norms and standards
The comprehensive development model of the property above the parking lot is to integrate civil buildings and rail transit facilities, unified planning and synchronous design, and there are certain contradictions in the implementation of the norms. Regarding the types of standards that need to be implemented in civil defense, fire protection, and other professional designs, domestic regulations have not yet been formulated. Therefore, in the design process, the design specifications of civil buildings, rail transit and various professions must be considered comprehensively, and compliance with the specifications and standards is the first priority.
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