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Introduction to the Environmental Protection Internet of Things System
In recent years, the Internet of Things has attracted much attention because it is considered to be another technological revolution after the Internet. It has become the consensus of the government and society to carry out research and construction of the Internet of Things. From the Smart Earth of US President Barack Obama to the perception of China by Premier Wen Jiabao, the Internet of Things as an important part of the emerging high-tech industry has become a hot topic worldwide. As one of the first departments to carry out the exploration and practice of the Internet of Things and vigorously promote it, the Ministry of Environmental Protection has completed two steps of advancement in the exploration and application of the Internet of Things. During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, my country will carry out the third-tier advancement of the environmental protection Internet of Things. Through investment, assessment and innovation, in accordance with the system structure of the Internet of Things, the latest technologies of the Internet of Things will be used in online environmental monitoring, and an operation and maintenance system will be established to achieve the three Level data penetration. According to statistics, my country has established 343 provincial and municipal pollution source monitoring centers at two levels, and implemented automatic monitoring of more than 15,000 key pollution sources.
The solution to the problem of environmental protection Internet of Things
First of all, the top-level design of the environmentally friendly Internet of Things must have a clear construction concept. At present and for a considerable period of time in the future, the construction and application of the environmental protection Internet of Things should start and end with the concept of service. The service objects include government environmental management, monitoring and research departments, pollution emission and treatment companies, other social institutions, and the public. .
Secondly, at this stage, the construction and application of the environmental protection Internet of Things must emphasize careful supporting design. In the previous years, the relatively simple and easy-to-implement system in the environmental protection department has been initially realized, and the rest are all “hard bones” and are closely related to all aspects. Organizational construction, system construction, system innovation and many other aspects require overall supporting design for all aspects of construction, application, and operation and maintenance involved.
Third, it is necessary to clarify the scope of the construction and application of the environmental protection Internet of Things, comprehensively consider the service system, application system, information resource system, management system, and infrastructure of the environmental protection Internet of Things application, and coordinate the dependencies between the various parts to make it possible Effective support and synergy; at the same time, we must grasp the key points of construction, rationally plan the construction strategy and implementation path, and ensure the effect of the construction and application of the environmentally friendly Internet of Things.
Finally, it is necessary to grasp the relationship between the country and the locality, consider the optimization of the central and local institutional systems and management, do a good job in the construction, application, and operation and maintenance of the environmental protection Internet of Things financial, administrative systems and mechanisms, and through the top-level design Rise to the height of decision-making to ensure the implementation of the top-level design.
Detailed introduction and analysis of environmental protection IoT system
Environmental protection IoT data resource cloud computing platform, including water and ecological environment quality evaluation, forecast and early warning monitoring, total emission reduction and emission rights trading, environmental impact assessment, environmental credit and environmental protection public services, GIS support platform services, etc. Aiming at the massive data of environmental protection business in the Internet of Things era, fully utilize advanced technologies such as cloud computing and data mining to establish a comprehensive environmental protection business data support platform and intelligent application service platform to realize the full application of environmental protection data.
At the same time, it is necessary to actively carry out research on two innovation systems and establish a two-supply system, namely the operation and maintenance innovation system and the technological innovation system. Through the establishment of an environmental protection data operation and maintenance model, to ensure the smooth and continuous implementation of the construction, operation, maintenance, and management of the environmental protection Internet of Things project; through the establishment of a standard and normative system, breakthroughs in the key technologies of the environmental protection Internet of Things, especially independent innovation in key equipment, Promote the development of the environmental protection Internet of Things industry, thereby providing important scientific and technological support for the implementation of environmental protection for the people and the promotion of sustainable social and economic development.
The environmental quality Internet of Things monitoring project is mainly to establish a dynamic environmental monitoring area non-point source pollution dynamic monitoring system, so as to continuously monitor the non-point source pollution status online, and transmit the constantly changing current factors to the system, so that the system is in a state of tracking changes. The system consists of six related work modules, including watershed delineation and subdivision module, watershed survey and vegetation land use type zoning module, watershed geographic information module, detection module, model calculation module, decision-making and management module. Plate. Due to the complex environmental security situation in the reservoir area, it is necessary not only to ensure the traditional air, water, noise, etc., but also to be able to prevent mobile dangerous pollution sources, heavy metals, radiation sources, etc., and to be able to deal with emergencies. For this reason, it is urgent to establish a monitoring project for the environmental safety of the reservoir area, using real-time positioning of environmental emergency monitoring vehicles, real-time video monitoring of environmental emergency disposal, and real-time environmental emergency management monitoring to establish a comprehensive environmental emergency management and disposal system, and establish a GIS-based The emergency management system realizes the positioning and query functions of the mobile command vehicle, the video monitoring function of environmental accidents, the real-time display function of emergency monitoring data, and the function of emergency command and dispatch. Pollution source monitoring and prevention is the key to the construction of the intelligent environmental protection Internet of Things. It is necessary to establish a complete pollution source online Internet of Things monitoring project, through the deployment of air, water, solid waste, characteristic pollutants, radiation and other monitoring Internet of things in the city. Conduct on-line monitoring of various possible pollution sources in a directional and full-time period, realize early detection and early warning of accidents, and provide a strong guarantee for the timely and effective management of environmental accidents. This pollution source online IoT monitoring project must include at least the following systems:.
The first is the Internet of Things monitoring system for urban drainage systems and water pollution control facilities in the basin: monitoring sensors are installed on the electrical control equipment of the production and pollution control links to determine whether the production equipment or pollution control equipment in each link is turned on, and the scale of production or pollution control Monitoring is performed to determine whether the corporate pollution control facilities are operating normally. It not only supervises whether the water quality of the urban drainage system discharges into the rivers of the river basin is up to standard, but also monitors the operating conditions of the sewage treatment facilities.
The second is the Internet of Things monitoring system for river transportation pollutant discharge: monitoring and tracking the entire process of dangerous goods transport ships registered within the waters of the Yangtze River and dangerous goods ships passing through the waters. At the same time, it regulates the monitoring and tracking of the port and shipping management departments and the maritime affairs departments. The monitoring of dangerous goods transportation ships realizes the sharing of monitoring resources, so that the water transportation process of dangerous goods ships and the monitoring when they are in the port area are seamlessly connected.
The third is the atmospheric environment quality Internet of Things monitoring system: on the basis of the existing pollution source online monitoring system, conventional atmospheric pollutants and characteristic atmospheric pollutant sensors are added, and the ground, near-ground, and high-altitude sensing methods are used to detect atmospheric temperature, humidity, and sulfur. Oxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone, PM10, PM2.5 and other parameters are measured to form an automatic monitoring system for high and low altitude three-dimensional air quality environment, so as to have a more comprehensive understanding of the pollutant emissions of fixed pollution sources.
The fourth is the Internet of Things Monitoring System for Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emissions: a complete set of systems for motor vehicle emission pollutant testing agencies and motor vehicle pollution prevention and control departments to monitor exhaust pollution status, air quality, super-emission vehicle capture, and specific vehicle emission testing sites , Inspection equipment, inspection data management, storage and processing, and the system provides two-way data transmission, not only can collect vehicle inspection process and result data, but also can realize the inspection field, inspection equipment, inspection personnel, moving vehicles and low altitude Monitoring and management of air quality.
Fifth, the solid and hazardous waste online dynamic monitoring system: using the Internet of Things technology to conduct real-time monitoring, forecasting and early warning of the entire process of solid and hazardous waste generation, storage, transfer, disposal and utilization, to ensure the safety of solid and hazardous waste, and at the same time, it can effectively control the solid waste. Supervise the transfer process to prevent solid and hazardous waste from being discarded during transportation and cause environmental pollution, and provide strong technical support for the scientific management of the solid and hazardous waste disposal process.
Scientific and effective top-level design is the basic prerequisite for the successful construction and application of the environmental protection Internet of Things. Scientific and effective top-level design is the basis for the smooth implementation and effective operation of information construction. Through scientific top-level design, accurately determine the scope of the construction and application of the environmental protection Internet of Things, grasp the key points of construction, avoid repeated construction, plan the construction tasks and implementation paths in detail, and raise the top-level design to the decision-making level to ensure the implementation of the top-level design. It is an environmentally friendly Internet of Things Build the foundation for successful applications.
Pay close attention to the development trend of technology, and further improve the construction effect of the environmental protection Internet of Things. The construction and application of the environmental protection Internet of Things needs to pay close attention to new trends and challenges in the development of information technology, and actively grasp the new opportunities brought by new technologies based on their own actual conditions, conduct in-depth research, plan ahead, form new core competitiveness, and grasp the initiative for future development.
Pay attention to the choice of solutions and construction modes, and avoid information risks through scientific decision-making. The construction and application of the environmental protection Internet of Things must carefully choose investment strategies, solutions and construction models, pay attention to investment benefits, avoid risks, and ensure the sustainable development of informatization. The construction and application of the environmental protection Internet of Things should be carried out in stages, modules, and steps; construction funds should be invested in a planned and staged manner according to the development situation to ensure the construction and operation effects.
Improve standards and specifications, and improve data quality and application effects. Improve data quality and effectiveness by establishing unified data standards, standardizing information transmission interfaces, data calculation methods, etc. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the corresponding technical specifications, improve the operation and maintenance and management standards of the online system, and study and formulate a complete set of specifications and standards from on-site installation, operation and maintenance, implementation, management to monitoring center management and maintenance, and promote them. By standardizing the operation and maintenance management assessment system, the effectiveness and authority of automatic environmental monitoring data will be improved, and the development of automatic environmental monitoring technology will be promoted.
Adequate resource guarantee is a necessary condition for the successful construction and application of the environmental protection Internet of Things. During the construction and application of the environmental protection Internet of Things, it is necessary to ensure the attention of relevant leaders, effective organization and professional construction team, and through appropriate financial tilt, broaden financing channels, and encourage the enthusiastic participation of all parties in industry, university and research. At the same time, strengthen the construction of human resources, improve the organization and coordination mechanism, and ensure that sufficient human, financial, material, and policy resources are invested in the construction of the environmental protection Internet of Things.
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