Contemporary Communication RFID-Highway ETC Non-stop Toll Collection System Solution
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1. Application background:
The radio frequency automatic identification toll collection system (ETC) is currently the most advanced road and bridge toll collection method in the world. Through the special short-range communication between the electronic tag installed on the windshield of the vehicle and the microwave antenna on the ETC lane of the toll station, the computer networking technology is used for background settlement processing with the bank, so that the vehicle can pass the road and bridge toll station without stopping. The purpose of paying the fee.
ETC is particularly suitable for use in highways or bridges and tunnels with heavy traffic. The implementation of non-stop toll, on the one hand, can allow vehicles to pass through at high speed (tens of kilometers to more than 100 kilometers). Compared with the traditional manual toll ticketing in 8 seconds, the non-stop toll greatly accelerates the capacity of expressway toll crossings. It is estimated that compared with manual toll lanes, the capacity of ETC lanes will be increased by 4 to 6 times, which can reduce the waiting in line for vehicles at the toll gates caused by actions such as paying tolls and changing change. On the other hand, the electronic toll collection of highways can reduce the cost of toll management and improve the operating efficiency of vehicles. At the same time, it will also greatly reduce the noise level and exhaust emissions at the toll gates and prevent a few illegal toll collectors from embezzling tolls. , Reduce national losses. Compared with the original manual charging and manual computer charging, the implementation of non-stop toll has obvious advantages. It not only greatly improves the environmental pollution caused by dense vehicles on the road, reduces vehicle congestion, and makes driving safer. More importantly, it will greatly improve the efficiency of bridge toll collection.
Generally speaking, for the highway toll system, the size and shape of the vehicles are different, the read-write distance of about 4 meters and the fast read-write speed are required, and the frequency of the system should be 900MHz and 2400MHz. The radio frequency card is generally behind the windshield of the car. The most realistic plan now is to divide the multi-lane toll gates into two parts: automatic toll gates and entry toll gates. The antenna is erected above the road. At about 50-100 meters away from the toll gate, when the vehicle passes the antenna, the radio frequency card on the vehicle is received by the overhead antenna, and it is judged whether the vehicle has a valid radio frequency card. The indicator light of the reader indicates that the vehicle enters different lanes, and the manual toll gate still maintains the existing operation mode. For vehicles entering the automatic toll gate, the road maintenance fee is automatically deducted from the user account, and the indicator and buzzer are used to tell Whether the driver’s charging is completed, you can pass without stopping, and the stopper will stop the malicious intrusion of the vehicle. In 1996, the Foshan Municipal Government installed an RFID system to automatically collect road and bridge tolls to increase vehicle passing rates and ease road bottlenecks. The vehicle can be recognized in less than 0.5 milliseconds at a speed of 250 kilometers per hour, and the accuracy rate is 99.95%. Shanghai has also installed an RFID-based automatic collection toll maintenance system. The other two projects installed in Guangzhou are different from the projects in Shanghai and Foshan. The project in Guangzhou attempts to automatically toll vehicles on open highways and uses RFID systems in the passages. China is sure to improve its highway infrastructure, but the biggest problem now is that there is no unified standard for RFID technology applied to highway maintenance fees. Various manufacturers use their own special standards, which makes the situation become chaotic when the national highway automatic toll collection system is established.
2. Advantages of passive radio frequency card (electronic label)
(1) Non-contact. There is no mechanical contact between the passive radio frequency card and the reading and writing equipment, and there is no mechanical damage. There are no sockets for reading and writing equipment (fully sealed), which can adapt to harsh environments such as dust and humidity, with high reliability and long service life.
(2) The response speed is fast. The information exchange of ordinary magnetic cards is only 1~2kb/s, while the information exchange speed of radio frequency identification cards is milliseconds, which supports card reading in high-speed movement.
(3) Good security and confidentiality. Ordinary magnetic cards will lose information when they are interfered by a strong magnetic field, and the information is easy to be stolen, tampered with or forged. Radio frequency identification cards use memory to record information and are not affected by magnetic fields. There is a dedicated circuit module in the card, which can be used for password calculation and two-way password authentication, and has good data security and confidentiality performance.
(4) Can be operated offline. The inductive IC card has good security and confidentiality. It can be used on a network line or can be operated offline from the computer network to avoid network overhead.
(5) Small size, convenient for various packaging forms, and much cheaper than active cards.
3. System composition:
The radio frequency automatic identification non-stop toll system can be divided into automatic identification control subsystem, automatic judgment subsystem, data acquisition subsystem, vehicle detection subsystem, closed circuit television subsystem and signal control subsystem according to its functions.
(1) The automatic identification control subsystem is mainly composed of DRF8801A series radio frequency automatic identification reader, DRF300 series radio frequency automatic identification card, lane gate control machine, toll collector computer terminal, etc. It is the core of the entire non-stop toll collection system and is responsible for Control the operation of all equipment in the non-stop toll lane, the management of toll business operations, and the communication and data exchange with the toll station computer.
(2) The automatic judgment subsystem is mainly composed of gratings, height detectors, axle number detectors, etc. It collects parameters such as the height of the vehicle and the number of axles, and judges the type of the vehicle through comprehensive analysis and comparison; this subsystem can at least Discriminate more than three types of models. The automatic judgment type subsystem can be selected and used by the user in some occasions.
(3) The data acquisition subsystem is mainly composed of DRF8801A series radio frequency automatic identification reader and DRF300 series radio frequency electronic label card. The radio frequency electronic tag is installed above the inner side of the windshield of the car, and the tag number, vehicle number, vehicle owner, model, amount due, remaining amount and validity period are written on the electronic tag; DRF8801A series radio frequency automatic identification readers are Installed at the front end of the toll island, it uses microwave technology to read relevant information from the DRF300 series of radio frequency electronic tag cards, and synchronously transmits it to the lane control host.
(4) The closed-circuit television subsystem is mainly composed of lane cameras and toll gate monitors. Lane cameras are installed at the front end of the toll island and are mainly used to photograph illegal vehicles passing illegally.
(5) The signal control subsystem is mainly composed of traffic lights, side fork lights and automatic railings, etc., which are used to remind the driver to use the non-stop toll lanes correctly.
(6) The vehicle detection subsystem is mainly composed of three sets of toroidal coils. The first group of loop coils (ENTER LOOP) is installed at the entrance of the toll island to activate the antenna to read the information of the electronic tag; the second group of loop coils (ESC LOOP) are installed at the middle exit of the toll island for Control the status of the traffic signal lights and the offset signal lights; the third set of loop coils (EXIT LOOP) are installed at the exit of the toll island, used to count the traffic flow, and control the working status of the automatic railings, traffic lights and offset signal lights.
Working principle and process
1. The radio frequency automatic identification non-stop toll collection system does not require special toll collectors to operate. It uses microwave automatic identification technology to complete the charging of passing vehicles through the equipment itself.
2. The radio frequency electronic tag card storing information such as vehicle model, vehicle number, amount, and expiry date is installed in the lower left corner of the inner side of the windshield at the front of the car. When the card-holding vehicle enters the non-stop toll lane, the “ENTER LOOP” coil of the vehicle sensor generates an incoming vehicle signal, which stimulates the DRF8801A series radio frequency automatic identification reader to read the information on the car’s DRF300 series radio frequency electronic tag card (model, Vehicle number, remaining amount and expiration date, etc.), and vehicle type difference equipment such as grating, height detector and axle number detector, automatically detect the actual car model of the incoming car.
3. The information read from the vehicle-mounted DRF300 series radio frequency electronic tag card and the data collected by the vehicle type identification equipment are sent to the lane control computer for analysis and comparison, such as the vehicle type recorded in the electronic card and the vehicle type identified by the equipment Consistent, the car number in the card is not in the blacklist, the payable amount is less than or equal to the remaining amount, and the vehicle passing time is within the validity period of the card, the card is considered to be a valid card; if one of the aforementioned four comparisons does not meet, Then the card is considered invalid.
4. If the DRF300 series radio frequency electronic label card held by the Tathagata car is a valid card, the traffic signal light will change from red to green, the off-cross signal light will be a green mark for going straight, and the automatic railing will be raised; when the oncoming car leaves the detection range of EXIT LOOP, it will pass The signal light changes from green to red, the bias signal light goes out, and the automatic railing is closed. After driving out of the detection range of EXIT LOOP, the pass signal light changes from green to red, the deflection signal light goes out, and the automatic railing closes.
5. If the DRF300 series radio frequency electronic tag card held by the Tathagata car is invalid, the traffic light will be red, the fork signal light will be a yellow left-turn traffic sign, and the automatic railing will be closed; when the incoming vehicle leaves the cardless vehicle and turns to the vehicle in the manual toll lane After the detection range of the “ESC LOOP” coil of the sensor, the bias signal light goes out; the Tathagata does not turn to the manual toll lane (in some cases, this steering side road is not provided), but still drives forward, when it reaches the vehicle sensor coil” When the detection range of ENTER LOOP is set, the alarm bell will alarm, and the toll collector will come to the manual to deal with the charges, and then the manual will be released.
6. The sales and cost settlement of DRF300 series radio frequency electronic label cards are carried out in the charging center (namely, the card purchasing center). In order to meet the needs of different users, two types of electronic cards are generally issued, one is a prepaid electronic label card, and the other is a credit electronic label card.
7. The prepaid electronic label card, as the name implies, is an electronic card that must be paid first and then passed. The issuance of the card is for the entire society. Users only need to go directly to the card shopping center to purchase an electronic card with a certain amount of money to use the no-stop toll lane. Each time it is used, the system will automatically deduct the amount due for the car from the electronic card. The electronic card can be used repeatedly. When there is little or no remaining amount in the card, the user can go to the card purchasing center to re-deposit a certain amount into the electronic card to ensure its continued validity.
8. Credit type electronic label card is an electronic card that allows users to pass first and then pay. The card is mainly issued to users who use bank credit cards as a means of settlement, or state agencies, enterprises and institutions with a good corporate image. , The fee settlement adopts the method of bank collection.
With the development of my country’s highway industry and the development and application of the non-stop toll collection system, as well as the increasing traffic demand, we believe that the non-stop toll collection system will be widely concerned and accepted by the country, enterprises and consumers.The non-stop toll collection system will certainly have a broad and bright future in our country’s market
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