Application of Radio Frequency Identification Technology in Large-scale Dairy Farms
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a non-contact automatic identification technology. Its basic principle is to use the transmission characteristics of radio frequency signals and spatial coupling (electrical coupling or electromagnetic coupling) to realize automatic identification of objects. The radio frequency identification system generally consists of two parts, namely, an electronic tag (transponder Tag) and a reader (reader). In the actual application of RFID, the electronic tag is attached to the surface of the recognized object or embedded in it. When the recognized object with the electronic tag passes through the readable range of the reader, the reader automatically sends the electronic tag in a contactless manner. The agreed identification information of the label is taken out, so as to realize the function of automatically identifying the object or automatically collecting the information of the object’s mark.
1 Application of RFID in modern dairy farms
In dairy farms with large breeding scales, high breeding levels, and high individual production capacity, conventional manual marking and visual identification of dairy cows are difficult, low resolution efficiency, and high error rate, which is difficult to accurately and comprehensively grasp. The production level and individual status of dairy cow groups can no longer meet the requirements of modern cattle farm management. As a brand-new non-contact fast automatic identification technology, RFID is being used more and more widely in modern and large-scale breeding industry towels. This technology can be applied to many aspects of dairy cattle breeding, including automatic ration of cattle, statistical analysis of milk production, individual identification of dairy cows, disease monitoring and prevention, product quality control, and animal traceability, etc.
1.1 Individual accurate electronic files
Different from traditional cow cards and paper files, the electronic logo designed for cows stores various basic information about cows, and has a 16-digit number compiled in strict accordance with the International Organization for Standardization (1SO) coding standard. When a cow is born The electronic identification is fixed on the animal body, the electronic identification is one-time use, uniform number, and the number is unique. From then on, the electronic identification will accompany the person throughout his life, so as to be unique in the world and achieve the 100 mark for one animal. Electronic signs are usually designed and packaged into injection implant type, ear hook type, rumen type and foot ring type. In practical applications, through the supporting software management program, various dynamic data can be correspondingly stored and updated in real time to form a dynamic database of individual dairy cows.
1.2 Real-time monitoring and data collection
The application of radio frequency technology can carry out real-time status monitoring of the dairy cow population, and collect various data information recorded by the electronic identification in a timely and accurate manner. The wireless radio frequency system can dynamically identify and record the cow’s weight, feed intake, exercise volume and other data, combined with other sensors in each breeding module to transmit and record the cow’s body condition, cattle farm environment temperature, and humidity, and dynamically monitor the cow’s condition on the computer terminal Monitoring, once the data collected by the system exceeds the health warning limit set in the computer, the management system can automatically identify it and provide timely feedback for the manager to judge the physiological state of the cattle, adjust the feed structure and supply quantity, and formulate treatment plans. Reference data.
1.3 Equipped with modules for auxiliary feeding management
The radio frequency system can be used as an information platform to carry many auxiliary feeding modules. Use the exercise pedometer on the electronic sign to record the cow’s exercise volume, combine the cumulative data in the database and standard parameters to determine the cow’s sea health status and estrus identification; equipped with a precision feeding module, for cows at different growth stages and different milk yields on the day , In the computer system, comprehensively train’calculate the best replenishment amount of concentrate, and feed it back to the precision feeding system for precision feeding, so as to achieve the purpose of different feeding of different dairy cows; equipped with a milk analysis and detection module, it can measure the quality of each dairy cow. Data such as milk production, milk production efficiency, and milk composition are monitored, analyzed and compared, and the health status of the udders of the cows can be grasped in time, and whether the feed formula is scientifically perfect; equipped with a milking station monitoring module, it can record each shift entering the milking parlor , The milking time, milking status, and equipment status of each cow, managers can find out the norms and proficiency of the milking workers in the milking process, and the milking people can also find out during the milking process Questions are fed back to the manager using a pre-set digital language input system.
1.4 Tracking and tracing of epidemic prevention and control
Using the uniqueness of RFID, managers can closely track and monitor the flow of each cow in the dairy farm. Once an infectious disease is found, the source can be quickly found and the corresponding individuals and contact groups can be isolated in time to reduce the possibility of disease expansion. At the same time, using the network platform of the system can provide timely, accurate and detailed reference materials for government functional departments and related scientific research departments at the first time. The system can also be used as a basis for tracking and appraisal of government policy subsidies and dairy cow insurance business.
2 Problems exposed in the application of RFID in dairy farms
2.1 The cost of dairy cow electronic identification remains high
Price is an important factor affecting the large-scale application of RFID. The price of RFID, especially the price of its electronic tags, determines whether RFID can be widely used in large-scale dairy farms.
2.1.1 The price of RFID supporting equipment is expensive
Its advanced nature and complexity determine that the installation and configuration must be carried out by professionals, which has become an obstacle to its popularization.
2.1.2 The label price is higher
It is difficult to have RFID tags for every cow, and large-scale applications cannot be realized. The RFID industry generally has a “5-cent label”. It is believed that before the unit price of the RFII) tag drops to 5 cents, it is impossible to save many fields, especially the consumer goods field, to gain popularity. The “5-cent label” is an RFID function One of the key factors for success. .
2.2 The environmental requirements of the identification system are relatively strict
At present, some foreign countries and regions with developed animal husbandry, such as the European Union, North America, and Australia, have done more research in this area, applying the mid-low frequency band to the identification system of dairy cows, with a reading distance of about 1 m. However, such a reading distance is far from enough for large-scale casual activities of cattle. A longer distance is needed to achieve the purpose of real-time and accurate monitoring of dairy cows; in addition, the conflict problem in multi-target recognition is also urgently needed to be resolved. problem. Domestic real-time monitoring of dairy farms has also been actively explored. Using radio frequency technology, a relatively complete automatic identification system for dairy cows has been established, but the reading distance has not yet reached the needs of large-scale dairy farms. Therefore, remote reading is necessary to realize the traceability and controllable management of dairy cows.
2.3 The radio frequency system has higher requirements for operators
The RFID system uses a computer as a platform to function, which requires users to be able to skillfully complete computer operations, application and development of management software, and link installation between electronic chips and management systems. However, in my country’s dairy farming management industry, the basic quality of employees is relatively low, and the modernization of large-scale dairy farms is not high, so the user’s operating level has also become an important factor restricting the functioning of the system.
3 Conclusion
my country is a major producer and consumer of livestock products, but not a strong country in the livestock industry. The application of radio frequency technology to the dairy industry is still in the trial stage. The technology-based automated precision feeding technology, disease diagnosis and control system for livestock And management systems such as performance measurement systems have not been widely used in animal husbandry production. After China joined the WTO, it is faced with the problem of conforming to international conventions and common practices, and the application of electronic marking technology in animal husbandry is also one of them. The development of digital precision farming based on RFID technology not only reflects and realizes the need for the standardization, standardization and modernization of my country’s animal husbandry, but also an inevitable requirement for shortening the gap with other countries.
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