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1 Introduction
Radio frequency identification technology is an automatic identification technology that emerged from the 1980s and is listed as one of the ten important technological projects in the new century.[1]. However, it was not until the 1980s that radio frequency identification technology and products really entered the commercial field. Since the 1990s, the standardization of radio frequency identification technology has received increasing attention, and the theory of radio frequency identification technology has been further enriched and improved. Radio frequency identification products have begun to be widely used and have entered various fields such as finance, telecommunications, transportation, medical care, and ID cards.
In recent years, my country’s large-scale pig industry has developed vigorously. At the same time, the occurrence of swine diseases, especially infectious diseases, has become a major threat that seriously affects the healthy and stable development of my country’s large-scale swine industry. The Measures for the Management of Livestock and Poultry Marks and Breeding Archives, which were reviewed and approved at the 14th Executive Meeting of the Ministry of Agriculture, came into effect on July 1, 2006. The promulgation of this method is important for further regulating the production and operation of animal husbandry, strengthening the management of livestock and poultry identification and breeding archives, establishing a traceability system for livestock and poultry products, effectively preventing and controlling major animal diseases, and ensuring the quality and safety of livestock and poultry products. significance. The management stipulates that the livestock and poultry identification implements one animal and one label, and the code is unique. Therefore, the work of livestock and poultry identification coding is a complicated systematic project. Must be in front of all tasks. The introduction of RFID technology is an inevitable trend, which will bring further improvement to the pig industry and has a very broad prospect.
2 The working principle of RFID
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is a non-contact automatic identification technology that uses radio frequency signals through spatial coupling (inductive or electromagnetic coupling) to achieve non-contact information transmission, and achieve identification through the transmitted information[1]. Radio frequency identification does not require manual intervention and can work in a variety of harsh environments. RFID technology can identify high-speed moving objects and can identify multiple tags at the same time, and the operation is quick and convenient.
Generally speaking, the radio frequency identification system includes three parts: an electronic tag, a data management system and a reader. The working principle of the system is: After the tag enters the magnetic field, if it receives a special radio frequency signal from the reader, it can use the energy obtained by the induced current to send out the product information stored in the chip, and the reader can read and read the information without contact. Identify the electronic data stored in the electronic tag, so as to achieve the purpose of automatically identifying objects. The reader sends out a certain frequency radio frequency signal through the antenna. When the tag enters the magnetic field, it generates an induced current to obtain energy, sends out its own code and other information, which is read and decoded by the reader and sent to the host computer for relevant processing.
3 Application of RFID in animal identification
The so-called animal identification and tracking is a technology that installs electronic tags on animals and corresponds to the animals one-to-one according to the unique ID code in the animal electronic tags. The related attributes of the animals can be tracked and managed at any time. When the animal enters the recognition range of the RFID reader, or the worker holds the handheld reader close to the animal, the reader will automatically recognize the animal’s data information.
International standards ISO11784 and ISO11785 stipulate the code structure and technical standards for identifying animals with RFID. ISO11784 stipulates that the animal identification code consists of a total of 64 bits (8 bytes). ISO11785 stipulates the transmission method of electronic label data and the specification of the reader.
The basic methods of installing electronic tags for animals are: collar type, ear tag type, injectable type and pill type electronic tags. The ear tag type electronic tag is suitable for the harsh environment with oil pollution and rain. The data can be read out when the reader is several meters away from the electronic tag. In 2005, Ali Santos and others created a highly automated housing system for rats, and successfully installed radio frequency electronic tags on the ears of rats, and tested and studied the natural living habits of rats under the control of RFID.
According to the international standard ISO11784, radio frequency tags can be formed into various shapes by humans. For example, there is a glass capsule tag with a small diameter and a length of only 12-32 mm that can be transplanted into animals. There are also electronic tracking tags for livestock, which are so-called pill-type electronic tags that can be swallowed by cattle and sheep and remain in the gastrointestinal tract.
The use of injectable electronic tags for identification is a promising way to improve the current animal identification system. This method of application in animals can reduce the risk of animal loss. In other words, the application of injectable labels in practice must meet very high standards. The main aspects include biocompatibility, feasibility of injection, technical implementation under static and dynamic conditions, and finally recovery procedures in trade slaughter, as far as possible to avoid any risks to humans in the food chain. Due to ISO’s international standards, it is now possible to identify any animal from any country in the world, relying only on an ISO international standard card reader.
4 Application of RFID in the pig industry
In order to build a traceability system for pork safety and quality monitoring suitable for China’s national conditions, Lu Changhua, Jiangsu Agricultural University, etc., under the funding of the 863 Program of the Tenth Five-Year National 863 Program, integrated the application of individual animal identification, two-dimensional barcodes, RFID radio frequency electronic identification and one-dimensional barcodes. Tag technology, combining network technology and database technology with the traditional pig industry and slaughtering and processing industry, builds a traceable system for pork monitoring that suits China’s national conditions.
According to a report by West China Metropolis Daily on May 23, 2006, on May 22, the National Golden Card Project Electronic Label Application Pilot Project and the Sichuan Livestock and Food Industry Chain Electronic Identification Management System were officially launched in Qionglai City, Sichuan Province. Sichuan Province Live Pig Food Processing Enterprise Chunyuan Group cooperated with Sichuan Dingtian Electronic Identification Technology System Co., Ltd. to adopt RFID electronic tag technology to install electronic chips for the first batch of 10,000 pigs and establish a pig industry and chain information database. This is the first time that RFID technology has been applied to pig breeding in my country. With the vigorous development of the pig industry, pig raising technology tends to be automated. The core components of the automation system are: automatic feeding metering system, automatic weighing system, electronic identification system and computer processing system.
A patent for an ad libitum feeding system for pregnant sows has been developed by the Rhodes Research Farm of Iowa State University. This system combines the sow electronic identification system and computer analysis of animal weighing to collect data. Comparing the sow’s average increasing weight with the expected average increasing weight is calculated to determine whether the sow gets one of the two feed combinations. The computer controls the sow’s moving route through system monitoring. In terms of breeding pigs, my country has introduced the ACEMA64 automatic pig performance measurement system of France ACEMO, such as Beijing Pig Breeding Center, Beijing Shunyi Pig Performance Testing Station, Shenzhen Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Company, and Pig Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Wuhan )Wait.
The basic working principle of the system is: when a pig with “earrings” (RFID card) enters the radio frequency field of the reader, the induced current obtained by its antenna is boosted by the booster circuit and used as the power supply of the chip. At the same time, the induced current with information is sent to the logic control circuit for information processing through the digital signal detected by the radio frequency front-end circuit; the information that needs to be replied is obtained from the memory and sent back to the radio frequency front-end circuit through the logic control circuit, and finally sent back to the radio frequency front-end circuit through the antenna Reader. The computer network obtains the information of pigs in the farm through the interface, and integrates the basic functions required for the daily management of the pig farm, and integrates all the various records, statistics, reports and other tasks that were originally completed manually in the daily management of the pig farm. Realize computer management. The system basically meets the current production management needs of the pig farm, and provides information from the macro decision-making, which is convenient for managers to understand the management status of the pig farm in a timely and accurate manner, and improves the modern management level.
The development trend of the pig raising enterprise itself is that the scale is getting bigger and bigger, and the degree of intensification is getting higher and higher, so the management is more and more difficult. The use of computer technology can make the pig raising enterprise management more scientific, more precise, and capable. Effectively improve the efficiency of pig-raising enterprises.
5 Application prospects of RFID technology in the pig industry
At present, the quality and food safety of pork products in my country cannot meet the requirements of importing countries. The biggest cause of this problem is disease. Some inferior infectious diseases, such as swine fever and foot-and-mouth disease, have not yet been eliminated. my country’s livestock products have not yet joined the International Organization for quarantine in terms of quarantine. The EU has closed the market to my country due to quarantine issues. We use RFID electronic ear tags for pig breeding and establish an electronic identification system for real-time, dynamic and traceable information management. Once an epidemic occurs, the pollution chain can be determined in time, effective control and scientific decision-making can be carried out, and unnecessary losses can be minimized. The use of RFID technology in pig breeding is not only for the traceability of the epidemic, but also for the automation of the breeding process, which has good economic benefits.
However, there are still many problems in the promotion and application of RFID in the pig industry in my country. First, the RFID technical standards are still under development and not yet mature enough. RFID industry standards involve issues such as frequency band division and coding rules. At present, a unified global standard has not yet been formed. The market presents a situation where multiple standards coexist. The second is the problem of funding. RFID-related equipment is very expensive. Such as the French ACEMO MF24 sow multifunctional automatic feeding system. The third is the management model. Since the beginning of its implementation, RFID has been the main driving force on the application side, and as an upstream manufacturer in the industry chain, it has been used by distributors. RFID increases their costs. This is also a factor hindering the popularization of RFID.
In the long run, when the application volume is large, the cost will naturally decrease. At present, when the scale of the application market has not yet formed, it is necessary to consider what kind of products it will use to maximize its benefits. In addition, with the advancement of technology and the expansion of applications, the cost of RFID technology for pig breeding is only a relative problem. With the maturity of RFID technology, it will well promote the further development of automated feeding in the pig industry.
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