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Preface to Part One
The pig industry is a dominant industry in my country’s agriculture, and it occupies an important position in the rural economy. It not only meets the consumption needs of the people, but also makes a major contribution to increasing farmers’ income, rural labor employment, food conversion, and promoting the development of related industries. With the development of the national economy and the improvement of the level of science and technology, especially under the promotion of the market economy, the pig industry in my country has rapidly changed from traditional feeding methods to modern feeding methods.
Most of the pig farms in my country are concentrated in rural areas, mainly in rural areas, with few large-scale pig farms. At the same time, there are also phenomena such as backward breeding technology and a serious shortage of scientific and technological management talents. The raging epidemic in 2006 caused a major impact on pig farms in my country. At the same time, the poisoning of lard and clenbuterol in 2006 caused food safety issues in the pig industry to attract people’s attention. Technological, large-scale, safe, and high-quality pig raising is an inevitable trend for the development of my country’s pig industry.
In the process of the pig raising industry gradually developing from the traditional free-range farming and the workshop-style pig raising method of professional pig raising to the intensive and factory pig raising method, the improvement of the degree of intensification requires modern breeding technology and management information. The system serves as a guarantee to reduce costs and increase output. At the same time, the quality and safety of pork is also one of the core issues that the government and breeding companies pay attention to.
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is an automatic wireless identification and data acquisition technology, which has been widely used in many fields. At present, it is mainly used in access control, animal ID, electronic lock frame, machine control authorization inspection, etc. It is becoming more and more important in many industrial fields. This kind of system only needs to transmit very short information in one direction, and has a high degree of reliability. The characteristics of miniaturization, and continuous improvement and optimization in recent years, are very suitable for application in the field of breeding management.
The second part of the program introduction
1. System goals
Safe and precise feeding
Realize the true meaning of one animal, one standard, unique code, so as to achieve the purpose of individual identification of live pigs and accurate feeding.
The problem of individual identification in the process of pig raising has always been a very big problem. For example, the common method of domestic large-scale sow raising is positioning pen raising. However, this feeding method has many disadvantages, such as over-fat, non-estrus or low production performance of sows, increased risk of sows contracting diseases, and high elimination rate.
This solution liberates the sows from the positioning pens. Large groups of sows are fed in the same pigpen. The automatic management of sows is realized through the RFID identification system, automatic feeding system, automatic separation system and heat monitoring system. It can be fed individually, accurately, safely, and without stress in the case of large groups. It can determine the feeding amount according to the individual’s body shape, parity, backfat thickness, and physical condition, and can accurately identify the person who is going to be in heat or sick. Sows and group them into groups.
Comprehensive information tracking
Establish a file for each live pig in the pig farm, and have a complete record of the whole process from the pig entering the slaughter to the sale or elimination. The management staff can summarize the breeding experience by viewing the record.
It is also a technical guarantee that the country requires traceability and recordable production in the livestock industry.
2. System composition
Ear tag
An electronic ear tag refers to a built-in electronic tag that can be applied to the ears of a pig to prove the identity of the pig and to carry the individual information of the pig. It is mainly composed of two parts: the main standard and the auxiliary standard. The reading distance is 2-8cm, and the outside is packaged with various materials, which has the performance of impact resistance, water resistance, and corrosion resistance.
Electronic ear tag pliers
RFID data collector
The non-contact inductive data collector is developed using radio frequency identification technology. Since contact can be avoided when reading the inner code of the ear tag, its service life is guaranteed without loss. It is suitable for long-term work and improves its work efficiency. The collection and management of various breeding information by managers at all levels is more concise and accurate, and the accuracy of data is greatly improved. Make breeding management more accurate and hierarchical.
3. System content
Identity recognition (RFID tag implantation)
To carry out effective management, we must first fully confirm the object of management, know the characteristics of the object to be managed, and appropriately meet the needs of the object of management. To achieve this, the first step must be to be able to identify the objects of management.
Pig farmers’ need for identification, of course, the best strategy is to be able to identify each pig, that is, to give each pig an identification number from the beginning, and combine this identification number with the pig entity, whenever this number is used When it appears, the management system can quickly and correctly identify its corresponding entity, which is of course the pig; in other words, when the pig appears, the identification system can also quickly and correctly find its identity authentication number.
There are many identification tools currently available, such as bar codes, RFID, etc. Among them, RFID is the most suitable identification tool, with irreplaceable characteristics, less prone to errors in identity recognition, and can maintain its consistency in long-term tracking operations. The chance of identification errors caused by misplantation or misplacement is very low. All in all, RFID is a very efficient and accurate identification tool.
Breeding pig management
The task of a general breeding farm is mainly to provide pork for consumers, and its breeding behavior only lasts for one generation. Even if the wrong piglet is bought, its impact is limited. Breeding pigs are different. They continue to breed the next generation and are fed by breeders. The pedigree and ability of breeding pigs will affect the survival rate, growth rate, feed exchange rate and growth health of piglets. These are all relevant to the pig breeder. Success or failure. The pig breeders are also breeding the next generation of breeding pigs at the same time. These will be the main producers of piglets in the future, and the impact is not small. Therefore, to have a sound and developed pig industry, a sound pig industry must be established, and a sound pig industry must rely on breeding pigs with excellent pedigree, excellent reproduction and growth capabilities.
The pedigree of the breeding pig is very important, because to a certain extent, the pedigree represents the sorting and evaluation of the overall performance of the breeding pig in the past. Although it is still possible to mutate, the pedigree still guarantees its basic performance. The determination of ancestry is generally based on the generational genealogy and registration records.
If the accuracy of pigs with superior breeding or growth ability can be verified with the information of production history, it will inevitably be more credible.
Strict pedigree certification and ability recognition have become an indispensable work in the pig breeding industry. In order to maintain the pig industry, pig farmers spend considerable manpower and effort in the pig breeding industry to establish and promote related systems to conduct pedigree certification and performance verification. It is a rather complicated task. After the industry introduces RFID, It can further enhance its industrial efficiency, and at the same time strengthen its certification and accreditation capabilities, and enhance its recognition.
Pig herd file management
The identification function of the management system can clearly distinguish each pig. This is only the first step. The next step is to collect and create a corresponding file for each pig. In the file system, at the beginning a pig has a code name, but Through this code, a series of related information can be stored correspondingly: its pedigree, its diet record, its health record, its growth efficiency, and collect and sort out the bits and pieces in the production process to become the pig Production history. At this time, the production history is just some data. These data can be analyzed and sorted out, and generally can be used as a reference for improving management efficiency. For breeding pigs, it can be used as an important reference or basis for pedigree certification and functional identification.
Sick and dead pig management
A small number of unscrupulous industry operators are unwilling to lose their dead pigs. They have turned them into various forms into the market. This has caused great harm to the entire pig industry. How to strengthen the management of sick and dead pigs, RFID is an indispensable tool. Every pig has an identity authentication mechanism, and each live pig is included in the system management. When a sick or dead pig occurs, its processing status is tracked through the identity authentication mechanism. The pig breeder must clearly explain the whereabouts of each pig, and at the same time Check through a systematic network mechanism. If every pig can be put under management, then the influx of sick and dead pigs into the market can be completely prevented.
Fourth, the system architecture
The system architecture diagram is as follows:
RFID data flow
1. Before the pig enters the pen, enter the closely related information such as the number, source, animal type, birth time and other information into the label, and then perform subcutaneous injection of the bio-glass tube or install the ear tag to establish a definite association between the electronic label and the pig. After the file is successfully established, the pigs are allowed to enter the pen.
2. In the daily feeding management process, individual identification is performed through a handheld RFID reader and the feeding data is recorded. Such as daily management information (belonging to the circle, eating time, physical characteristics, length and weight value, etc.); immunization information (whether immunized, type of vaccine, vaccination method, vaccination dose, immunization personnel, etc.); birth history information (birth time, number, etc.) ); Medical history information (disease name, time, symptoms, whether cured, etc.); breeders update the pig file database in real time through the back-end management system.
3. Automatic identification of individuals through a fixed dedicated RFID reader, automatic sorting and placing, automatic feeding, recording activity rules, etc., and real-time update to the pig archive database through the network.
4. Other management departments or personnel can query live pig files through the back-end management system, and query the pedigree and ability identification records of breeding pigs. Follow-up reports on the disposal of sick and dead pigs and other information.
5. Based on the above data, the background management system can automatically generate an analysis report on the number and productivity of breeding pigs; a record report on key tasks such as immunization; a statistical report on data such as pig breeding methods and meat production numbers and grades; a follow-up report on the disposal of sick and dead pigs etc.
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