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Radio frequency identification technology in vehicle management can be widely used in automobile assembly lines, highway toll collection, intelligent parking lot management, wireless cargo tracking and identification, public transportation electronic tickets, car anti-theft and other fields. This article describes the applications in these fields in detail. And cited cases at home and abroad. In addition, the author also made a comparison of several highway toll methods.
Main application areas:
ETC Electronic Toll Collection
Parking lot and security management system
Customs electronic license plate AVI system
TMS Intelligent Traffic Management System
EVR electronic registration license plate
Electronic weighing system
1. Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID, namely Radio Frequency)
Identification) is an automatic identification technology that has matured from the 1980s. It uses radio frequency for non-contact two-way communication to exchange data for identification purposes. Compared with traditional magnetic cards and IC cards, the biggest advantage of radio frequency cards is that they are non-contact, so there is no need for manual intervention when completing the identification work. It is suitable for system automation and is not easily damaged. It can identify high-speed moving objects and can identify multiple objects at the same time. The radio frequency card, the operation is quick and convenient. Radio frequency cards are not afraid of harsh environments such as oil stains and dust pollution. Short-distance radio frequency cards can replace barcodes in such environments and be used in factory assembly lines to track objects. Long-distance products are mostly used in transportation, with a distance of up to tens of meters, and can be used in occasions such as automatic toll collection or vehicle identification.
A typical radio frequency identification system consists of two parts: they areRadio frequency card,Reader. Several main modules of the radio frequency card are integrated into a chip to complete the communication with the reader. There is a memory part on the chip for storing identification numbers or other data: the memory capacity ranges from a few bits to dozens of kilobits. Only the antenna (and battery) needs to be connected to the periphery of the chip, which can be used as a personal identification card or an identification card for goods. The card package can have different forms, such as the form of a common credit card and the form of a small wafer. Compared with bar code, magnetic card, IC card and other similar or early identification technologies, radio frequency card has non-contact, long working distance, and is suitable for harsh environments.
Can identify the advantages of moving targets. In most RFID systems, the reader emits energy in an area to form an electromagnetic field. The size of the area depends on the operating frequency and antenna size. When the radio frequency card passes through this area, it detects the signal of the reader and starts to send the stored information and data. The signal sent by the reader usually provides enough energy for the clock signal and the radio frequency card. The clock signal synchronizes the data, which simplifies the design of the system. After the reader receives the card data, decodes and performs error checking to determine the validity of the data, and then transmits the data to the computer network through RS232, RS422, RS485 or wireless. A simple RFID product is a non-contact IC card, while a complex RFID product can be connected to an external sensor interface to measure, record different parameters and even connect to a GPS system to track objects.
2. Application in vehicle production and management
Radio frequency identification technology is widely used in automobile production, transportation control and management, traffic monitoring of automobiles and trains, highway automatic toll collection systems, parking lot management systems, item management, vehicle anti-theft and other aspects.
1. Automobile assembly line
The German BMW Motor Company applies radio frequency cards on the assembly line to produce as many customized cars as possible. The production of BMW cars is based on the requirements styles put forward by users: users can select the color, engine model and tire style of the car they need from tens of thousands of internal and external options. In this way, the car assembly Hundreds of styles of BMW cars have to be assembled on the assembly line. Without a highly organized and complex control system, it is difficult to accomplish such a complex task. BMW is equipped with an RFID system on its assembly line. They use a reusable radio frequency card, which can contain all the requirements of the car in detail, and has a reader at each work point. This can ensure that the car can complete the assembly task without error at each assembly line position.
2. Highway tolls
Radio frequency technology has developed into the mainstream identification technology for non-stop toll collection systems. Automatic vehicle identification (AVI) uses the radio frequency card (also called electronic tag) installed in the car to store the vehicle number and related information. The radio frequency antenna installed in the lane can communicate with the radio transceiver and read its stored content. Write operation to identify the currently passing vehicle. Automatic vehicle identification mainly refers to the short-distance (8m to 30m) communication technology working in the microwave 5.8GHz frequency band. There are three main frequencies that have been studied and used in the field of automatic vehicle identification internationally: 915MHz, 2.45GHz, and 5.8GHz. Judging from the established application systems, the 915MHz system is mainly used in North America, especially the container identification system. Moreover, in the past eight years, almost no new 915MHz system has been used in road toll systems in the world (including the United States). The United States itself is gradually shifting the standard of automatic vehicle identification used in the field of intelligent transportation to the 5.8GHz～5.9GHz system.
The 5.8GHz dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) system is mainly used in Europe, Asia and Oceania. The 2.45GHz system has relatively few applications and has not formed the mainstream.
As the concept and project implementation of intelligent transportation systems have attracted widespread attention in various countries in recent years,No parking feeAs one of the important service areas, it has been greatly developed. my country’s ITS services are divided into 8 service areas, 43 sub-services, and 138 service functions. Among them, electronic charging needs to provide a total of 6 service functions. Including: road, bridge and tunnel automatic toll collection service, road, bridge and tunnel parking automatic toll collection service, roadside parking automatic toll collection service, parking lot automatic toll collection service, bus electronic automatic toll collection service, and traffic information paid automatic toll collection service. Highway non-stop automatic toll collection services will mainly rely on short-distance radio frequency identification technology, while public bus electronic automatic toll collection services will mainly rely on radio frequency coupling IC card technology.
In the non-stop toll collection system, a microwave antenna is installed above the lane or on the side of the road, and the antenna is connected to a reader composed of an antenna controller. The reader transmits a signal to the electronic tag through the antenna, and the electronic tag is activated to start communication. The electronic tag feeds back the unique ID number corresponding to the specific vehicle, which is used in the ETC charging system to identify the vehicle (customer).
Now, many automatic toll gates on expressways in Europe and America use this technology. Vehicles that frequently travel on the expressway have a radio frequency card installed in the vehicle in advance. When it passes through a toll gate, it does not need to wait in line to pay the toll, but passes directly because a reader is installed at the toll gate to record Based on the travel time and distance of the vehicle, the road toll is automatically deducted from the user’s account.
3. parking lotIntelligent management
The parking lot management system adopts radio frequency card reading technology. Users enter and exit the parking lot with a specific proximity card, and use proximity card readers to identify the users of the parking lot. The parking lot charges, the issuance of monthly rental cards and the authorization of temporary cards are all charged Completed by the computer, it can automatically call the data stored when entering and leaving the field of each vehicle, and automatically calculate the charge amount. Realize true intelligent management. Moreover, the system is operated by windows and the Chinese menu is displayed, so users can easily grasp the operations available with this system. The driver does not need to stop, the system automatically recognizes the vehicle, and completes management functions such as release (prohibition) and recording. Save time in and out of the field, improve work efficiency, and prevent the loss of management fees.
4. Wireless cargo tracking and identification
Now more LTL freight companies use ground networks to improve the efficiency of picking and transportation operations. For example, Old
5. Public transportation electronic ticket
RFID systems, especiallyNon-contact IC cardOne of the areas with the greatest application potential is the field of public transportation. The use of non-contact IC cards as electronic tickets has the advantages of convenient use, shortening the transaction time, and reducing operating costs. Seoul, South Korea, adopted this system in 1996. At present, Beijing’s buses such as 719 and 749 are also equipped with an electronic fare collection system, which will soon be put into operation.
6. Car anti-theft
This is a relatively new application of RFID. Since a sufficiently small radio frequency card has been developed that can be packaged into a car key containing a specific code word radio frequency card, a reader/writer is installed in the car. When the key is inserted into the igniter, the reader can distinguish the identity of the key. If the reader cannot receive the signal from the radio frequency card, the specific signal and the car’s engine will not start. With this electronic verification method, the central computer of the car can also easily prevent short-circuit ignition. At present, Toyota Motor, Ford Motor and Mitsubishi Motors in Europe, South Korean car manufacturer Hyundai, etc. also use radio frequency cards in their European models to prevent theft in cars sold in Europe and the United States. At present, there are about millions of cars around the world equipped with this anti-theft system.
An automobile anti-theft system. The driver himself has a radio frequency card whose transmission range is within 45-55 cm of the driver’s seat. The reader is installed on the back of the seat. When the reader reads a valid ID number, the system emits three whining, and then the car engine can start. The anti-theft system has another powerful function. If the driver leaves the car and the door is open and the engine is not turned off, then the reader needs to read another valid ID number. If the driver takes the radio frequency card away from the car, so that the reader cannot read the valid ID number, the engine It will automatically shut down and trigger the alarm device. The same radio frequency card can also be used for anti-theft in homes and offices.
Radio frequency cards can be used to find lost cars. Buried RFID antenna systems in the main streets of the city, as long as the vehicle has a radio frequency card, when passing by any antenna reader, the car’s ID number and the time will be automatically recorded and returned to In the computer of the urban traffic management center, in addition to burying antennas on the city streets, the police also drove a number of mobile patrol cars with readers to monitor the whereabouts of the vehicles more conveniently. If the vehicle is stolen, it will be retrieved quickly and easily. Such a system is already in use in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
3. Comparison of several toll collection methods on expressways
At present, there are more and more enclosed expressways in our country, such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Expressway. These highways have multiple intersections, and each intersection has a toll station. The cars on the expressway pay according to the entrance and exit. At present, there are a variety of technologies used in the toll collection of this kind of roads both internationally and domestically. Mainly include: IC card or magnetic card charging method, bar code charging method, radio frequency identification technology, etc. It should be said that identification technologies such as barcodes, magnetic cards, IC cards, and radio frequency cards have their own advantages and disadvantages.
1. IC card/magnetic card charging method
The working principles of IC cards and magnetic cards are basically the same, but the prices of storage media and card readers are different. So we mainly discuss the application of IC card. At present, in our country, some IC card and magnetic card companies have been considering using IC card or magnetic card for highway toll system, but the effect is not very good. IC card is a kind of token. Using IC card can save time and effort for highway toll collectors and passing cars without having to look for money at the toll office. Therefore, it is a more convenient solution. IC card reader/magnetic card reader is not too expensive in price.
In the actual operation process, because IC cards need to be purchased in advance, this method is not practical for passing vehicles in other places, and the rate of passing vehicles in other places on expressways is very high. Therefore, there are few actual purchasers of IC cards, and the system loses its due role. Moreover, the lifespan of the IC card is very short, generally only about one year. If the IC card is put in the pocket or left in the car, the IC card is more likely to be damaged. Some highway toll systems have considered adopting the IC card recycling method, that is, an IC card is issued to the inbound vehicle at each entrance, and important information such as entry time and entrance location are written on the card, and the card reader is used to read the card at the exit. Content. However, the operating cost is too high, and if there is a power outage at the toll office, the IC card lacks explicit information, so the charging work cannot be carried out normally.
2. Barcode charging method
Print a two-dimensional bar code PDF417 on the ticket at the entrance of the expressway, which also includes some explicit information, scan the two-dimensional bar code at the exit, the computer will automatically check out and enter the computer to realize the computer toll management. Realize computer management and all charges are automated, effectively preventing corruption and fraud.
The cost is low, and it can be printed on ordinary paper (or on a printed ticket). Compared with the IC card, the cost is very low and it has practical use value. Because PDF417 has strong error correction capabilities, even if the bill is corrupted or broken, it can recover 100% of the lost data. Because the bar code is printed, the explicit information is printed at the same time, so in the case of a sudden power failure at the toll station, the charging work can still be carried out normally, so it has a stronger advantage than the IC card.
Using bar code to charge, the vehicles in the past still have to stop to find money, but for the highway bureau, the bar code management is adopted, so it can effectively prevent the corruption and fraud of some staff.
3. Charge method using radio frequency identification technology
Automatic vehicle identification technology that uses radio frequency identification technology and electronic toll collection. Install a base station at the highway toll booth, and install an RFID reader/writer card (radio frequency card) on each car. When a car passes through a toll gate, the base station communicates with the radio frequency card, and automatically changes the amount of the radio frequency card according to the number of times the vehicle passes. It can realize true automatic charging, and the driver does not need to exchange cash, so it can effectively prevent the corruption and fraud of some staff.
System Features
1. The system design is simple and flexible, and has a wide range of applications.
2. There is no need to change the management process, and the implementation of the plan is simple
3. Simple operation and accurate identification.
4. Good compatibility, compatible with equipment of various manufacturers.
5. The recognition distance of the system is far, the farthest can reach 100M
6. High cost performance
7. Adopting RFID technology and advanced technology.
8. High scalability, different functional modules can be expanded according to needs.
9. The system is intelligent.
10. The system runs stably and reliably, and is easy to maintain.
Vehicle label
1. Various installation forms
Can be directly pasted on the glass, anti-peel sticker
Can be installed on metal surfaces, suitable for containers and other items
Provide card holder for easy fixation
Can be placed at will (suitable for 0～100m system)
2. Large capacity, can store all vehicle information
3. The shape and surface printing can be customized according to customer requirements
Mr. Wu/Mr. Li 010-86018871, 88494100 13901166579
E-mail:[email protected] qq:13023544
msn:[email protected]
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