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This article introduces the application fields of RFID technology in the quality inspection industry; its application in off-site inspection and quarantine logistics supervision; and its application in pre-shipment inspection of imported waste materials.
The working principle of RFID system
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Advantages of RFID technology
·Non-contact reading and writing, the farthest distance can reach 100 meters, no need to precisely align the direction.
·It can withstand all kinds of harsh environments, such as sea freighters, docks, warehouses, highways, workshops, etc.
·It can read and write to moving objects, and the maximum moving speed can reach 120KM/hour.
·The reading and writing process does not require manual intervention, and can complete automatic data collection.
·High security, difficult to counterfeit and tamper with.
·High reading and writing speed, multiple tags can be read at the same time.
·The data storage capacity is large, up to tens of megabytes, suitable for storing various transaction event records, electronic documents, images and other data.
Various handheld reading and writing devices
Various packaging forms of electronic tags
Applicable fields of RFID technology in quality inspection industry
Entry-exit inspection and quarantine related:
·The application of electronic signature in the supervision of logistics inspection and quarantine in different places
·Pre-shipment inspection and supervision of imported waste materials
·Electronic label replacement for inspection signs
Application of RFID electronic seal in the supervision of logistics inspection and quarantine in different places
Pressure on Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine
·The volume of import and export business continued to increase, the increase in personnel was slow, and the business of the port bureau and the mainland bureau was imbalanced.
·The goods to be inspected are prone to theft and missed inspections during the off-site transportation, and the risk is high.
·The slow speed of inspection and release in the inspection and quarantine link has become a bottleneck in customs clearance.
Technical means
·Using RFID electronic seal to seal the transported goods
·Using GPS + GPRS for real-time monitoring of transported goods
·Using logistics supervision information platform to track the entire transportation process
Target
Achieve the perfect combination of entity monitoring and information monitoring
Schematic diagram of logistics supervision platform network
Schematic diagram of system software module
System Components
·Monitoring center: The core of the system is composed of GIS (Geographic Information System), business supervision system, and GPRS gateway, which specifically completes supervision work.
·RFID electronic seal: It is composed of control module, GPS module, GSM/GPRS module, radio frequency module, battery and lock body. Mainly used for monitoring the transportation process.
·Hand-held controller: a tool for on-site inspection and quarantine staff to move supervision, seal and unseal goods, and supervise and verify.
·GPRS gateway: Responsible for connecting with GPRS service providers and distributing the received supervision data to the corresponding supervision center.
monitoring Center
·The monitoring center is the core of the whole system, and it completes the supervision function. The monitoring center includes a GPRS gateway, a business supervision system, and a geographic information system.
·GPRS gateway: the back-end system and the front-end data communication gateway are connected with electronic signatures and handheld controllers to receive GPS data, seal process data, and send instructions.
·Geographical information system: Communicate with the electronic signature via GPRS, obtain location and status information, and display the cargo location and transportation route on the electronic map in real time;
·Business supervision system: Obtain the inspection information in the inspection and quarantine business system database, and generate off-site inspection and quarantine cargo data. Communicate with the handheld reader through GPRS, send data and instructions to the handheld reader; complete the business supervision function of cargo container transportation, and realize the entire business process of off-site transfer transportation.
RFID electronic signature
·The electronic signature is composed of control module, GPS module, GPRS module and RFID module.
·The control module is responsible for controlling the operation and status of the entire electronic lock and storing relevant information.
·The GPS module receives GPS satellite positioning information through the GPS antenna, analyzes the position data and sends it to the control module.
·The GPRS module communicates with the monitoring center to send and receive instructions and data;
·The RFID module communicates with the handheld controller to send and receive instructions and data.
The working principle of RFID electronic signature
The functions of the electronic lock are as follows:
·After each seal, the electronic signature will generate a unique, non-repeated random code to mark each lock operation.
·After sealing, the GPS module is activated, and the electronic lock will periodically send the GPS location and its own status to the supervision center.
·After sealing, once the lock ring is cut, the random code once used will be permanently invalid.
·The lock body can record position, status data and related logistics documents.
·It can be controlled by the handheld controller and can send status data to the handheld controller.
Handheld controller
The handheld reader is composed of a control module, a GPRS module, an RFID reader module and a battery. The main functions are for on-site business personnel to seal and unseal the supervised goods, and supervise and verify.
Operating model
·A national logistics supervision information platform shall be established by quality inspection or a third-party agency entrusted by quality inspection to communicate with the inspection and quarantine business system database.
·Provide transportation companies with RFID electronic seal lease, recycling, alarm processing, inspection business agency, notification and other services, and collect related service fees.
·Long-term operation can establish special inspection and quarantine collection card bayonet to realize high-speed release.
Application of RFID technology in inspection of imported waste materials before shipment
Pre-Shipment Inspection (PSI) of imported waste materials
The Chinese government stipulates that the pre-shipment inspection system shall be implemented for wastes that the state allows to be imported as raw materials to prevent the transfer of overseas radioactive materials and hazardous waste to my country. The waste material import trade contract signed by the consignee and the consignor must specify that the imported waste materials must meet the requirements of China’s environmental protection control standards. The pre-shipment inspection shall be accepted by the “Import Waste Approval Certificate” issued by the National Environmental Protection Agency of China , And agreed that the overseas branch of China Inspection and Certification Group Co., Ltd. designated or recognized by the Chinese National Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Authority shall carry out pre-shipment inspection, and only after passing the inspection, the shipment and the issuance of the inspection certificate can be carried out. The commodities listed in the system catalog include waste paper, waste metal, waste plastics, waste wood products, and waste textiles.
Current inspection and quarantine procedures for imported waste materials
·Foreign supply companies apply for PSI, and the local branch of CCIC (or an overseas inspection agency recognized by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine) will inspect the goods for environmental protection items, supervise the loading of qualified goods, impose seals on containers or bulk cargo spaces, Issue pre-shipment inspection certificate.
·Importers or their entrusted inspection applicants shall apply for inspection at the port of entry and provide qualified pre-shipment inspection certificates; documents such as (Environmental Approval Certificate for Imported Waste) issued by the State Environmental Protection Agency, ocean bills of lading, invoices, packing lists and other documents.
·After the inspection and quarantine agency accepts the inspection application, it will send personnel to carry out environmental inspection, quarantine and quality inspection of the imported waste materials. If the inspection and quarantine pass the inspection and quarantine, the “Inbound Goods Clearance Form” and the “Inbound Goods Inspection and Quarantine Certificate” will be issued, including “Inbound Goods” The “Customs Clearance Form” shall be handed over to the customs by the consignee; if the inspection and quarantine fails, an “inspection certificate” for environmental protection items shall be issued, and the “inspection certificate” shall be handed over to the customs by the consignee for processing.
Existing problems
· Port inspection and quarantine and PSI inspection items are duplicated, both of which are environmental inspections, resulting in waste of manpower.
·The port inspection and quarantine business volume is large, and the release speed is slow, which causes the cargo to be crushed in the port and the container.
·The PSI business is not connected to the inspection and quarantine business system, and two inspections are required, and the documents are manually transmitted and checked.
·The process of cargo transportation cannot be effectively supervised.
Responses
·The PSI business system is interoperable with the inspection and quarantine business system, and the pre-shipment inspection certificate is electronically transferred to the port inspection and quarantine agency.
·Using RFID electronic seal to seal the cargo (container or space), which stores PSI certificate information and other necessary cargo information such as packing list, bill of lading number, etc.
·The port inspection and quarantine personnel read the RFID information on the spot and compare it with the background, unblock it, conduct routine quarantine and quality inspection, and issue customs clearance forms and inspection and quarantine certificates.
· Port inspection and quarantine can implement exemption from inspection for environmental protection items according to the PSI certificate. According to the port situation, the goods can be inspected and quarantined in different places.
·It can avoid the exporter and the importer from applying for inspection twice for the same cargo.
RFID application points
Implementation of electronic label replacement of inspection signs
·The label encapsulated by self-adhesive or metal film can replace the inspection mark, store more information synchronously with the flow of goods, and play the functions of anti-counterfeiting, easy review, and goods tracking.
·The optional electronic label technology is mature and the application cost is low. Take the 13.56MHz electronic label conforming to the ISO15693 standard as an example, in the form of a self-adhesive package, 100,000 pieces can achieve a unit cost of 4-6 yuan.
Food safety applications
·Using RFID tags, batch management of factory food, storage of relevant manufacturer license, date, raw materials and other information, it is convenient for quality inspection department and door to check and track, and it is also convenient to establish traceability and recall system.
·For live animals and meat products entering Beijing, electronic signatures can be used after the inspections are passed, avoiding multiple inspections on the road, and you only need to check the electronic signatures after arriving in Beijing.
Anti-counterfeiting
·The most widely used anti-counterfeiting technologies in the market include paper watermarking technology, ink technology, laser holographic image anti-counterfeiting technology, barcode technology and telephone code technology application. The prices of the products and equipment used in these anti-counterfeiting technologies are relatively low, which is conducive to the overall promotion in the market. At the same time, the country has also spent a lot of manpower, material and financial resources to support the promotion of these anti-counterfeiting technologies.
·But these kinds of anti-counterfeiting technologies have various shortcomings: first, the product has low technical content and is easy to be imitated; second, its service life is short. After a new visual anti-counterfeiting mark comes on the market, it usually takes three months to arrive. In about six months, a large number of counterfeit products will appear on the market; thirdly, they are not anti-fouling, and once they are stained, there is no way to distinguish them; fourthly, the anti-counterfeiting technology of telephone codes, although it is now the leader in the anti-counterfeiting market Products, but the 800 toll-free call rate is very low, and there are not many consumers who can really use this kind of anti-counterfeiting.
The advantages of RFID electronic tag anti-counterfeiting technology are: each tag has a unique code in the world, and it also has a certain memory space to read and write data, which can be encrypted and cannot be copied; it has a long service life, no mechanical wear, no mechanical failure, and passive Work, work in harsh environments, anti-pollution, long data reading distance, etc.; at the same time, because it has a readable and writable space, it can also help manufacturers solve the problem of “crossing goods”. In addition, RFID electronic tags adopt flexible packaging, which can be encapsulated in various forms at will, and can be widely used. Such as famous tobacco and wine anti-counterfeiting, certificate anti-counterfeiting, license plate anti-counterfeiting and so on.
Famous wine RFID technology anti-counterfeiting solution
1. Application process
·Each bottle of wine is sealed with an electronic label. When leaving the factory, the manufacturer will write the production date, identity code and password data into the label, and the password can also be changed automatically.
·Wholesalers and retailers hold the factory-designed electronic label readers to verify the authenticity of all kinds of wines when users buy wine, realizing multiple functions in one machine.
·When the drinker opens the bottle cap to drink, the electronic label at the bottle cap will be damaged to prevent it from being reused.
2. Mode of operation
·A national electronic label anti-counterfeiting network platform established by quality inspection or a third-party agency entrusted by quality inspection is responsible for registering and managing manufacturers, product models, reading and writing equipment information, and uniformly producing encapsulated electronic labels;
·The reader used by the winery is a “top reader” with the most complete functions, readable and writable. When the wine leaves the factory, the production date, identity code and password data, and the destination of the goods are written into the label, and the password can also be changed automatically. Among all the readers, only the equipment of the winery can modify the label. Data functions and rights;
·The reader used by the Quality Supervision Bureau is a “special reader”. It can read all the information in the anti-counterfeiting label, but has no right to modify the information in the label;
·The readers used by distributors have display screens, which can only read information such as the destination and production date of the goods;
· The retailer’s reader can only display authenticity.
Problems in the application of RFID in the quality inspection industry
Standard question
·RFID standards are divided into technical standards and application standards. Some well-known companies in the world have introduced many standards of their own. These standards are incompatible with each other. The differences in frequency bands and data formats have also brought difficulties to the large-scale application of RFID.
·Currently established RFID international standards mainly include ISO 11784 and 11785 for animal identification, ISO 10536 (Close coupled cards), ISO 15693 (Vicinity cards), ISO 14443 (Proximity cards) for contactless smart cards, ISO 10374, etc. for container identification. ISO 18000 for the supply chain is being formed and improved.
·At present, in the application scope of the quality inspection industry in China, you can define your own industry application standards on top of the ISO standards, mainly the definition of some blank and spare code bits. This will not impact the existing technical standards, but also seize the commanding heights of the application. For some special occasions applications, industry standards can be established on their own no matter in terms of technical standards or application standards.
Information system support issues
·RFID is a front-end method of automatic data collection with various advantages. Its application depends on the back-end of the information system to transmit, exchange, and process data. It serves the business system and requires corresponding business information. System support and operation.
·The application of RFID technology often needs to change the existing business process, which is a technical tool of BPR (Business Process Reorganization).
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