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1. What are the current safety issues in the management of agricultural products in my country? What measures need to be taken?
In recent years, food safety issues have become prominent and have become an important social issue of great concern to both the public and the government. At the just-convened 3.15 Consumer Rights Protection Day, food issues were also one of the topics that were widely discussed and valued. Among them, the safety of agricultural products is the source and guarantee of the entire food safety problem, and it is also the root of food safety. In recent years, incidents related to the safety of agricultural products have been common occurrences, which have caused severe impacts in society. How to strengthen the safe production of agricultural products in all aspects, and how to coordinate and balance the protection of farmers’ interests and institutional supervision has become the current agricultural safety production. A key issue for
Agricultural product safety mainly includes three aspects:
1. Refers to whether the environment and production process of agricultural products are safe in the production process, that is, safe production in general;
2. Refers to whether the produced agricultural products meet the requirements for safe consumption, whether it can ensure that humans will not produce any adverse reactions and adverse effects after eating, and ensure that it is beneficial and harmless to human health.
3. It refers to whether there is pollution in the process links from production to processing, storage and sales, which is the safety of the circulation link from farmland to table as we commonly call it. The security of agricultural products referred to in this article is security in a narrow sense, that is, the security management of all circulation links from farmland to dinner table.
At present, my country has many problems in the safety management of agricultural products in circulation, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(1) There are many circulation links and lack of effective supervision methods
The safety of agricultural products involves many links, including farmers, cooperatives, bases or manufacturers, agricultural product wholesalers (level I, II or even more), retailers (supermarkets, commissaries, vegetable farms, etc.), and regulatory agencies at all levels , Omissions in any part of the work will adversely affect the safety of agricultural products.
(2) The points are wide and uneven
Agricultural products have a wide range of business categories, low barriers to entry, scattered business units, and a large number of employees. The awareness of standardized business operations is weak, management levels are low and uneven, and violations of operations that lack supervision are prominent.
(3) There are prominent contradictions between operators and regulators
There has been a prominent contradiction between regulators and operators for a long time: regulators always take rounds of special rectification actions after a series of agricultural product safety incidents, in order to solve the problem through these rectification actions. Operators will always find solutions in rounds of special rectification to ensure that they will not be punished by the supervisor during the rectification period. The so-called policy is there, but there are countermeasures. Remediation activities will not be carried out every day. After the remediation activities are over, they will return to their original state.
From the above points, it can be seen that due to the long circulation of agricultural products, if you rely solely on the traditional farmer’s conscious or government movement supervision mode, it is impossible to effectively supervise the safety of agricultural products. On the basis of institutional supervision innovation, we must combine the use of new Technology is used as a means to trace agricultural products from the source to realize the visualization and transparent management of the entire agricultural product circulation link. Only when the sun shines on the entire agricultural product circulation link can the occurrence of agricultural product safety accidents be reduced, and the occurrence of agricultural product safety accidents can be reduced. Participants form 7X24 supervision. Among them, the most widely concerned new technology is RFID radio frequency technology.
2. What are the needs and concerns of the RFID traceability management system?
The RFID visual agricultural product traceability system adopts RFID and other radio frequency technologies, which can monitor the production, processing, storage, transportation, and sales of agricultural products, not only to ensure high-quality data exchange in the supply chain, but also to realize agricultural products” “Source” tracking and complete transparency of the agricultural product supply chain.
3. The demand points of the system are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Traceability from top to bottom to improve the production and processing level of agricultural products
Consumers can use RFID tags to query various information about agricultural products, such as farmers, production/processing locations, quarantine and epidemic prevention characteristics, delivery/circulation/retail time, etc., so that they can purchase with more confidence, thus realizing the traceability of the farm from top to bottom — Food raw material suppliers-processors-transportation-sellers-point of sale, can find the root of the problem, improve the level of production and processing, but also effectively enhance the brand awareness and reputation.
2. Traceability from bottom to top
When consumers buy problematic products at the point of sale, they can find the source of the problem to the upper level, which is conducive to product recall and agricultural safety supervision, so as to establish rapid response, control the expansion of safety accidents, and avoid the occurrence of social quality and safety incidents.
3. Agricultural Products Information Service
Users can obtain product information through inquiries, such as the place of origin, various planting information, the date of listing, and the value-added service information provided by the agricultural product processor related to the agricultural product
4. Food safety traceability
Once a problem occurs, the food safety management system can quickly find information about the place of sale, responsible person and place of origin of the product. Not only can the final consumer be found through this system, but the problematic link in the circulation or production and processing process can also be found, and corresponding measures can be taken. measure.
5. Terminal query system
Retail and wholesale terminals such as supermarkets and food courts are the main channels for consumers to purchase products, and product information can be inquired at any time on the merchant’s RFID terminal reader.
6. Multiple query methods
Relevant information about agricultural products can be traced through retail terminals, the Internet, or even through custom-developed mobile apps, through QR code scanning, etc., to query relevant information, including annual agricultural product producers, traders in circulation, and end users.
Xindao Intelligent RFID agricultural product traceability management system will use advanced RFID technology and rely on network technology and database technology to realize information integration, query, and monitoring, and provide security for each product during each production stage and the process of distribution to the final consumption field. The rational decision-making on the nature, the source of the ingredients of agricultural products and the inventory control will realize the early warning mechanism of agricultural product safety. RFID technology runs through the safety of agricultural products, including production, processing, circulation, and consumption. The entire process is strictly controlled. A complete industrial chain agricultural product safety control system has been established to form a closed-loop production and sales of various agricultural products to ensure The society provides high-quality and assured agricultural products, and can ensure high-quality data exchange in the supply chain, allowing the agricultural product industry to thoroughly implement the source tracking of agricultural products and the ability to provide complete transparency in the agricultural product supply chain.
4. Case analysis:
Last year, there was a serious incident involving the use of sick and dead pigs to process food in a certain area near Suzhou. The fundamental reason is that in the existing pig-food industry chain, due to the underdeveloped information identification and tracking technology, a series of many basic elements are difficult to identify and effectively supervise, which restricts the safety of the entire industrial environment. After being aware of the above problems, during the week when the local government was aware of the above problems, we cooperated with local partners to establish an RFID visual traceability management system for the livestock industry. The three basic links of logistics realize traceable comprehensive monitoring and effective management, so that it is possible to systematically and effectively solve a series of major practical problems that have been difficult to solve for a long time in the pig-food industry chain, such as epidemic prevention/quarantine, environmental protection, business management, There are problems in product quality supervision, public health management, safe and effective production, industrial insurance, taxation, consumer rights protection, and the pig-food industry.
In the pig RFID visual traceability system, from the core circulation links of breeding, slaughter and processing, sales and circulation, the source pigs are earmarked in vivo, that is, in the production process, the source of multiple pigs and the breeding environment , Feed, feed, breeder, quarantine, slaughter and other basic information for data collection. In the slaughter and processing link of live pigs, install and deploy fixed RFID readers in the designated slaughterhouses, and collect relevant slaughter locations and slaughter at the time of slaughter. Data such as environment, slaughter time, health and quarantine, processing flow direction, carcass identification, etc. Finally, mobile RFID readers based on wireless data transmission are deployed in vegetable markets and areas in the circulation and retail links to adopt relevant sales time, location, packaging, Quarantine, supervision and other related data.
Figure 1: Living with electronic tags (RFID ear tags)
Figure 2: Basic identification and monitoring links
In terms of equipment deployment, the entire system has established a 4-level network deployment system with large cities as the platform, counties as secondary data sub-platforms, and towns, slaughterhouses and other areas as source data collection points. Among them, cloud servers and RFID traceability system platforms are mainly deployed in the general monitoring center and counties, and fixed or mobile RFID readers are deployed in various towns and districts to conduct real-time data procurement and data entry for pigs with RFID ear tags. . At the same time, in the way of network transmission, the mode of combining limited and wireless is adopted.
Figure 3: Schematic diagram of system production structure
Figure 4: Schematic diagram of system operation
Through the construction of the Bunsen pig visual traceability system, the hidden safety hazards such as sick and dead pigs, water-injected pigs, and foot-and-mouth disease that have been difficult to solve for a long time have been solved. It has also achieved good comprehensive benefits:
—Market benefits: The system has effectively promoted the realization of the standardization level of the pig-food industry, effectively increased the income level of farmers, and promoted the technological transformation and industrial development of the local pig-food industry.
—Social benefits: The development and application of this system fundamentally solves many problems of meat safety and quality in the pig industry, making it possible for consumers to truly be charitable and assured of meat.
—Corporate benefits: By grafting bank capital, the company reduces the investment of its own funds, and its ROI is within 2-3 years. At the same time, the operation of this project is expected to penetrate into other industries in the next step, thus becoming a local in the RFID traceability industry Leading enterprises.
V. What are the difficulties in the application of the traceability system in the management of agricultural products?
The application value of RFID visual traceability system has been widely agreed, but there are still some difficulties in specific application and promotion, especially in the agricultural product industry, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1) The cost of traceability represented by RFID tags is too high, and social awareness and acceptance are not enough
As a new technology, RFID technology is more expensive than traditional barcodes or QR codes. The price of a UHF RFID tag is dozens of times that of it. For the agricultural products industry with low unit price and large quantity, The cost of the label is particularly important. In addition, there is also the cost of IT facilities required to implement the RFID traceability platform, such as RFID fixed readers, handhelds, network usage costs, software platform development, cloud platform rental fees, etc., all of which are not small , And the value of agricultural products is not great, and the cost of using RFID is too high in comparison. At present, it only applies to some high-value agricultural products. In addition, the production of agricultural products in my country is dominated by individual farmers, and most of the processing companies are small and medium-sized enterprises. The degree of intensification of production is not high, and the scale effect cannot be used to share costs. This is also an important factor.
In addition, although people are paying more and more attention to food safety, the popularity of the concept of agricultural product quality traceability is not high due to the large proportion of people who are accustomed to traditional consumption in the agricultural product consumer group. Many consumers do not understand the superiority of traceable food in terms of quality. As a result, traceable products and non-traceable products not only have insignificant advantages in quality, but also have disadvantages in price, which hinders the promotion of traceability systems for agricultural products to a certain extent.
2) Incompatibility between existing traceability systems, information cannot be shared
The existing traceability system in our country has the problems of small scale, large number and incompatibility. These traceability systems exist in different regions, enterprises, and products, and they are all tracing the quality of products in their respective fields, and they are not compatible with each other and cannot share information. This makes the overall operation efficiency of the traceability system low and wastes information resources. Not only does it make it difficult for consumers to query product information after purchasing the product, but it also brings inconvenience to the management of the supervisory department. At the same time, due to the small scale of the traceability system, often one system cannot complete the traceability of the entire product supply chain, and an incompatible traceability system cannot complete the traceability information connection between upstream and downstream enterprises, and thus cannot complete a complete supply chain traceability.
On the other hand, my country’s current supervision system is segmented supervision, that is, different departments are responsible for the supervision of the safety of agricultural products in different links (production, processing, circulation, sales, etc.). For example, in the production link, the supervision department for the environment of the place of production is the agricultural environmental protection department; in the processing link, the supervision department for the agricultural product processing enterprises is the quality supervision and health department; in the circulation of agricultural products, the industrial and commercial department is responsible for supervision. The standards of different departments are not uniform, and the collection of information and technology are extremely different, which leads to the ineffective connection of information among various departments, and the complete traceability of “from farmland to table” in the true sense cannot be achieved.
For example, the agriculture committee is responsible for the upstream stage from pig breeding to slaughter, while the economic committee manages the wholesale and retail links from the slaughterhouse to the downstream. Both departments have their own information systems. Live pig information is managed by the Agricultural Commission’s system, while commercial pork information is recorded in the Economic Commission’s system. However, the systems of the two parties did not realize the docking, and the data and information were scattered in their respective systems, forming a situation in which they were independent rather than jointly supervised. How to coordinate the various participants to ensure the safety, reliability and accuracy of information is an urgent problem that requires the establishment of a multi-party cooperation management system. Because the traceability system is an interlocking chain, if a link is broken, the traceability cannot be continued.
3) The industry is intensive and informatized, and the traceability technology is backward
The agricultural product traceability system requires a relatively high degree of informatization and intensification of the agricultural product industry, but at present, the main production bodies of the domestic agricultural product industry are mostly individual farmers or agricultural cooperative organizations, and the production scale is small and weak. At the same time, traditional farmer’s markets and bazaars still account for a large proportion of agricultural products circulation, and modern circulation channels are not popular enough to meet the requirements of large-scale application of traceability systems.
In addition, my country’s tracking system started late, is still relatively backward in technical development, and is still in the elementary and intermediate stage as a whole. Although a small number of large-scale enterprises have relatively complete traceability technology, the methods used in traceability by small and medium-sized enterprises with insufficient strength are still relatively primitive, slow and costly, which hinders the development of traceability.
4) Incomplete laws and regulations, and backward construction of supporting standard systems
The soft environment of my country’s current food safety laws and regulations is relatively weak. At present, our country implements a legal and regulatory system dominated by food hygiene management regulations, which lacks coordination and unity between different links and products, so that the traceability system lacks legal and regulatory policy guarantees. At the same time, the establishment of the traceability standard system and supporting standards is incomplete and lags behind developed countries.
6. What do you think of the development prospects and trends of the RFID agricultural product traceability system?
In the context of today’s globalized trade, the supply chain of agricultural products has become more complex and fragile. As far as our country is concerned, due to the scattered traditional handcraft workshop model in history and the lack of large-scale and refined agriculture, the legal system of agricultural products and quality and safety is not perfect, especially the application value of the traceability system of agricultural products is also being changed. Know many people.
To predict the future development trend and direction of the traceability of agricultural products in my country, we might as well understand the laws and regulations of the traceability of agricultural products in western developed countries: The European Union is already implementing the “Animal Passport Program (EU-PPP)”, such as Canada in 2010 Traceable management of 85% of livestock and poultry products nationwide has been achieved.
Japan has directly applied radio frequency identification technology to the management process of pig breeding and sales. The Japanese Diet formulated the “Beef Production History Law” in June 2006, establishing a national animal traceability information system and stipulating the birth of cattle produced in Japan. After that, the identification must be set, and the livestock improvement center will centrally manage the number, date of birth, breed, and movement record of each cow.
The United States is already constructing the “National Animal Identification System (NAIS)” and mandatory implementation of a nationwide animal identification traceability system to ensure that relevant animals can be traced within 48 hours in the event of an epidemic.
According to OIE statistics, currently 78% of countries in the world have formulated laws and regulations related to livestock and poultry labeling, and 69% of countries have laws and regulations for traceability management.
On the other hand, due to the wide geographical area and large differences, the agricultural product traceability system is not sound enough in terms of laws and regulations. At present, it is mainly based on enterprises, supplemented by the construction of agricultural product traceability systems in the form of local government financial subsidies.
However, we believe that with consumers’ increasing awareness of agricultural product safety, consumers’ increasing pursuit of quality, and at the same time, the establishment of legislation for the traceability of agricultural products at all levels, and of course, the reduction of the cost of RFID electronic tags. , RFID traceability system will be more widely used in the agricultural product industry.
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