Application of GPRS wireless transmission module in production monitoring of oil and gas industry
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system requirement
With the development of domestic oilfields and the improvement of industrial automation level, a new technology that serves oilfield oil extraction is shown in front of people, that is, the system composed of GPRS wireless communication module developed by modern communication technology and modern computer , Long-distance monitoring and collection of oil production data.
An oil production field in an oil field is composed of multiple oil wells, metering rooms, manifold valves, transfer stations, joint stations, crude oil transmission systems, oil tanks, and other dispersed facilities in the oil field. Then the various facilities of the entire oil field The status and data of the produced oil (mainly temperature, pressure, flow, etc.) are directly related to the stability of oil field production and the quality of crude oil. At present, most of them are manually inspected on a daily basis to check the operation of the equipment and measure and count the oil production data. Due to the large number of oil wells and their distribution range from tens to hundreds of square kilometers, this method will inevitably increase the labor intensity of workers, and affect the real-time and even accuracy of equipment monitoring and oil production data. Therefore, the automation and informationization of the oil field are extremely prominent.
With the development of computer technology and communication technology, the production monitoring system of the oil and gas industry has also been greatly developed.
Oilfield monitoring and control systems based on computers and GPRS wireless communication modules can greatly improve oilfield production efficiency, reduce overall costs, and realize the automation and informationization of oilfield production and management. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to develop a reliable oilfield monitoring and operating system based on microcomputer technology and modern communication technology; develop new and cheap oilfield operation monitoring methods; develop a database and recording system that is easy for users to access.
System Components
The application of industrial monitoring system in the oil and gas industry has the following characteristics: * Generally spans a large area, so the radio is required to support long-distance transmission; * The unmanned remote control of the well station determines that the radio must have the ability to resist harsh weather conditions; * The entire The system is huge, the number of monitoring well stations is large, and the wireless communication system speed is required to be high, and the polling response speed is fast; * At the same time, because the oil and gas industry is the country’s energy foundation, the industrial control systems used are the most advanced and reliable equipment, so The wireless communication link that is the key guarantee for the entire system must also be reliable, stable and excellent in performance to ensure the best operation of the entire industrial control system.
The typical application of GPRS wireless communication module in the oil and gas industry is in the three remotes (remote measurement, remote signaling, remote control) and automatic metering of oil and gas wells-the well station data is transmitted to the oil production team control center through the GPRS wireless communication module, and the oil production team Then it is connected to the upper level oil production plant or the general control center of the oil company through a dedicated wide area communication network or wireless network.
The following figure shows the application of a typical GPRS wireless communication module in industrial control in the oil and gas industry.
Figure 1-5 Overall configuration of production monitoring system based on microcomputer and GPRS wireless communication module
① Oilfield monitoring center: computer, GPRS wireless communication module, antenna, system software, database
② Well team monitoring center: computer, GPRS wireless communication module, antenna, monitoring software
③ Remote wellhead: data acquisition device, GPRS wireless communication module, antenna
Figure 2 Composition diagram of wellhead microcomputer system
The basis of the production monitoring operating system is to record data collected by various conventional or unique sensors in all major links of remote oil or gas wells and ground separation and storage systems 24 hours a day.
1. Oilfield center monitoring computer The oilfield center monitoring computer is a stable and reliable computer. It is usually placed in a protective box that meets the requirements of the National Electronics Manufacturing Federation. It is equipped with an uninterrupted power supply that can supply power for up to 8 hours after a power failure. .
The main function of the central monitoring computer system is to monitor oilfield operations, store the data of each well in a convenient way to access, and enable users to get the “quasi real-time” data of each well through conventional telephone modems, and also based on general predictions. The method or the clear experience of a single well develops specialized software to analyze the data of each well. These analyses can provide information on the effectiveness of existing operations and identify problems that may arise just after they first arise. In turn, these data can be used to increase production efficiency and make workover plans. Other functions of the central operation computer include providing data for the preparation of routine monthly output reports.
2. The well team monitoring computer is the same as the central monitoring computer. It is generally configured with the oil production team as a unit. Through data communication with the wellhead microcomputer, it monitors and collects data on the oil wells in a round-robin manner.
The well team monitoring computer system is mainly used to store and display the recorded data. The data is collected by oil wells and made into a certain table, so that the operation of the oil well system can be quickly checked. At the same time, a detailed review of the historical data of each sensor of a given oil well is carried out. The alarm conditions determined and reported by the wellhead microcomputer are stored in a specific format, and an alarm is issued to the operator and needs to be recognized. The well team monitoring computer generally stores the data of each well for 3 weeks so that the operators can access it in real time. The central monitoring computer retrieves data from the well team monitoring computer several times a day through a conventional telephone modem. The data of a single well should be kept in the computer for about 30 days. Then, all relevant data of each well is converted to a floppy disk for long-term storage.
3. Well site microcomputer The wellhead microcomputer is a stable and reliable computer. It is small in size and equipped with every oil well. The computer is a specially designed single-board computer based on a general-purpose microprocessor. Currently, it has read-only memory (ROM) and static random access memory (RAM). The machine is equipped with a plug-in data conditioner board (acting as an A/D converter), which converts the analog value input by the sensor into a digital signal. The single board computer also includes a real-time clock, a 232 interface and a socket for the portable terminal (optional) of the oil field. The wellhead microcomputer system is responsible for collecting the data of each oil well and sending it to the well team monitoring computer. The wellhead monitoring computer system includes a GPRS wireless communication module and a power supply of 13.8 volts. The system is also equipped with terminal shackles and connectors for sensors that use wired systems to transmit data.
4. The data transfer between the communication oilfield operation computer and the wellsite computer is completed by the microwave radio system. The repeater station is optional. If it is used, it should be built on a higher ground and a high-gain antenna should be used. Relay stations are generally located near multiple remote wellhead microcomputers and use cheap non-gain antennas.
The communication between the central monitoring computer and the well team monitoring computer is wireless or wired according to the communication distance and environment. The wired mode uses dial-up modems and commercial telephone lines; the wireless mode uses their connected GPRS wireless communication modules for data transmission.
5. The sensor selects the corresponding sensor according to the different parameters collected. Including temperature, pressure, flow, displacement, voltage, current, power, etc.
system software
Several independent program packages designed to meet the requirements of accelerating access speed and reducing storage capacity constitute the software of the production monitoring system. The main parts are the operating system of the oilfield center monitoring computer, wellhead microcomputer scanning and communication programs, and the software for preparing reports, analyzing data and communication in the oilfield center production monitoring system.
1. Operating system The characteristics of the system can be divided into two categories: real-time monitoring and data management: (1) Real-time monitoring ① Automatically collect and approve the data transmitted from the remote wellhead microcomputer, each well has its own identification characteristics; ② Automatically check for errors and retransmit if necessary; ③ When receiving any level of alarm, it can automatically dial the phone; ④ The modem phone communication processing program can be entered into the computer system through the security code, and it can be obtained through the second level security code. Individual user oil well data.
(2) Database management ① Sensor and alarm data are stored according to time, date and oil well.
② Prioritize the alarm data according to the urgency of the alarm data and the approval situation. The alarm data of each well is stored separately.
③ Store historical data and keep these data online for about 1 month.
④ The remote wellhead microcomputer is initialized through a special menu and selected sensor group. Designated radio relay station (if there is a relay station); planned data collection time and interval; planned data recording time and interval; password assignment; set alarm priority and telephone number for alarm records.
On-site operators and users communicate with the system through a series of menus and screen displays. Not only can get historical data, but also current data.
2. The wellhead microcomputer operating system features independent programmable data collection and transmission intervals. When the pre-selected sensor alarm threshold is reached, data transmission will be carried out immediately. It also includes transmission error detection. If the information is not recognized by the oilfield computer for the first time, it will be automatically retransmitted. After having a clear radio channel, radio transmission starts. The software has an “alarm clock” wake-up function, so the wellsite computer is in a state of not working and low power consumption most of the time. This way of working is particularly important for solar power systems.
3. The design of the user’s man-machine linkage system allows on-site operators and remote mine operators to obtain the data stored in the oilfield headquarters through a series of menu displays.
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