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I. Overview:
1.1 The current library book circulation management system and existing problems
At present, the traditional book circulation management of libraries in our country all adopt the magnetic stripe and barcode system. The magnetic stripe is the security and anti-theft function, and the barcode is the collection identification function. The main problems of this management system are:
- It is difficult to arrange and arrange the shelves, and the labor intensity is high
- Troublesome and time-consuming book search and inventory inventory
- Audiovisual books are difficult to circulate
- The magnetic stripe is easy to be demagnetized, and the anti-theft effect is poor
- Low degree of automation, lack of humanization in management
1.2 Application of RFID in library circulation management
The emergence of RFID technology has greatly improved the speed of data collection, especially in the process of movement to achieve fast, efficient and safe information reading and storage, and has the uniqueness of the identity of the information carrier. These characteristics determine the use of RFID technology in books. Widely used in the library field.
In the field of libraries in developed countries and regions such as Europe and the United States, it is more and more common to use RFID tags to track and manage collections such as books and video tapes. It has also been adopted in Asian countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand a few years ago. RFID book system, China’s first RFID book application system has been put into use in the new Shenzhen library opened in July, which marks the official entry of the RFID book digital identification system in the field of libraries in my country.
2. RFID library solution
2.1 What is RFID
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is the use of radio frequency technology to identify goods. It has the functions of recycling, arranging, arranging and anti-theft. At the same time, it also has more advantages than barcodes. It can replace or supplement existing barcodes. When labor costs need to be taken into consideration, such as borrowing and returning books, collection, shelving, shelving, and management information systems, RFID can be more efficient than traditional library bar codes.
RFID is a microelectronic technology based on combining radio frequency technology. The information of library books and materials is stored on tags with microchips, and radio frequency technology is used for information exchange.
2.2 Why use RFID
In many libraries at present, due to the constant size of the library staff and the continuous growth of materials, the workload of receiving and dispatching, transporting, sorting and arranging is increasing, causing the librarians to be busy carrying books instead of books Manage business.
RFID provides an automated solution to this problem, which frees the librarian from most of the above tedious work and allows the librarian to return to the formal library management service. At the same time, the use of RFID will reduce the communication time of logistics and information flow. The most significant savings are: The reading speed of RFID tags is much faster than barcodes, and the RFID system can also read multiple tags at the same time.
2.3 Technical specifications
2.3.1 Label
Bar codes must use visible light, that is, the light or laser must be able to read the bar code to obtain information. At the same time, because the bar code instrument can only read the information one item at a time, the borrowing and returning procedures are complicated and cumbersome to consume more time. The RFID reader can read multiple items at the same time, which makes the library’s work more efficient.
2.3.2 How does RFID work
Each RFID tag has a non-powered antenna, which can be used by a powered antenna (belonging to an RFID scanner or a reader on a security door) for information exchange.
The RFID reader can emit electromagnetic waves, and the tag antenna can receive these electromagnetic waves. When the tag antenna enters the RF (Radio Frequency) range, this RF zone established from the reader will power the tag’s microchip circuit. Then the chip adjusts the electromagnetic wave so that the tag can send the information back to the reader. The reader converts the signal received from the tag into digital data and then sends it to a computer for processing.
Generally, there are two types of labels used in library systems: standard labels and CD/DVD labels.
Standard labels are generally used on books, magazines, or on video tapes (mostly directly attached to the window of the video tape), and can also be used on the packaging boxes of CDs and DVDs. RFID tags are not used directly on the tapes. The reason is not only for economic reasons, but it is best to stick them on the packaging boxes of the tapes.
CD/DVD labels are some round labels mainly used for CDs and DVDs. Because the surfaces of CDs and DVDs are made of metal, and metal will affect the use of ordinary labels, so the round label will be pasted in the inner circle of CD and DVD, and the inner circle of CD is non-metallic.
The tag used in the library also has another unique function, that is, the EAS anti-theft function at 106 kHz: there is an EAS anti-theft position set in the tag (the borrowing procedure is set to “1”, and the borrowing procedure is not applied. The procedure is set to “0”). When passing through the security door, the reader in the security door can directly read the EAS anti-theft position without energizing the signal, that is, TTF mode. Therefore, when the book passes the security door, it can complete the security detection without verifying with the background database. The detection speed is fast, and it can maintain a sensitivity rate of more than 95% regardless of the number of targets within the system. However, the tags provided by other systems use RTF mode, that is, the mode in which the reader activates the tag, but only has a sensitivity rate of 70% or less.
2.3.3 RFID standards
There are two related ISO standards in the library RFID system: ISO 15693 and 18000-3. ISO18000-3 is a standard for reading and writing passive tags at 13.56 MHz. The tag has a 256-bit memory mode including four data modules, each of which can be independently locked. The identification number of the bibliography, as the only identification of the book in the database, is compiled into the label. When the identification number of the bibliography is extracted from the label, all the information of the bibliography can be obtained from the database very quickly and effectively.
RFID equipment generally requires the use of SIP2 protocol to facilitate information exchange with the library management system. The RFID system must be able to communicate effectively with the library’s library integrated application system (ILS), so as to verify whether the user is a valid user exceeding the library’s limit, and the borrowed item is permitted to be lent. Information about borrowing or returning books also needs to be passed back to the library management system.
RFID hardware will not cause any interference to current security systems, personal computers, phones or other electronic devices. The RFID system is also harmless to the human body, including hearing aids or cardiac pacemakers. RFID hardware will not affect any objects with magnetic media, including library cards, credit cards, video tapes, etc.
2.4 The functional characteristics of library RFID
2.4.1 Self-service borrowing and returning functions
Using the RFID lending system can make it easy for readers to borrow books out of the library. Readers can use the self-service lending system, which is much faster than the original bar code, to lend multiple books at once, and there is no need to place the books in a standard position like the bar code system, so that readers can borrow books more quickly than before. And simple.
Table 1 Comparison of RFID tags and barcodes
The library can also provide automated pre-lending and withdrawal procedures and a self-service book return system. The automated pre-borrowed book withdrawal system will help readers put their library card at the borrowing point to directly withdraw their pre-borrowed books, which means that the pre-borrowed books can be withdrawn 24 hours a day.
The automated book return system can be used both indoors and outdoors by placing a book return box. Readers can receive a receipt containing the date and time of the return and the content of the returned book through the self-return system.
2.4.2 Sorting function
The library staff accepts the use of the RFID self-return system to collect and move books. The self-service book return system can not only provide the self-service book return function, but also provide a certain range of sorting equipment to achieve the sorting work before putting it on the shelf. These functions include: the basic system books fall into two return boxes (one for the library to re-shelves, the other for other functions like moving or other sorting functions;) more advanced sorting system □ sorting to multiple different For functional sorting boxes, different sorting areas and pre-borrowing and withdrawal areas will use different book return boxes.
2.4.3 Safety performance
Security can be improved through the RFID-based security system. A tag can be used as an identification number to confirm the target and has a security and anti-theft function, so it is more effective than bar codes and magnetic strips.
The RFID system provides an additional layer of security by using the CKI or CKO off and on of the anti-theft identification position on the label. At the same time, when RFID is integrated into an automated processing system, RFID will extensively improve self-checking, self-returning, and anti-theft The function of deterrence.
2.4.4 Inventory check
Using the RFID system can be much faster than the original very time-consuming barcode system, and the inventory of an entire rack only needs to be scanned very simply. According to the experience of the National Library of Singapore, after using the RFID system, the original collection work that was closed for one week can now be completed in only one day. The RFID system can also find missing and misplaced data during the inventory process. By using the RFID system, the library can now often do inventory work.
2.4.5 Improve liquidity
Under normal circumstances, after the library implements RFID technology, the circulation of library materials will be greatly improved with the same number or fewer librarians. After Singapore public libraries use RFID technology, they have strongly improved their borrowing capabilities. In 2003, the Singapore Public Library was able to handle 31.7 million borrowed books and 31.5 million users. In 1997, when RFID technology was not implemented, it could only handle 22 million borrowed books and 12.5 million users.
For more details, see:
Tianjin Little Bee Tel: 022-2743 0664 (Technical Consultation/Communication)
Tianjin Little Bee’s official website: www.acbee.com
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