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I. Introduction
In foreign countries, LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a mobile communication standard formulated by the 3GPP organization as the long-term evolution of UMTS technology. This standard was formally established and launched at the 3GPP Toronto TSG RAN#26 meeting held in December 2004; since Therefore, LTE FDD technology has gradually been developed and commercialized globally. In China, TD-LTE (Time Division Long Term Evolution, Time Division Long Term Evolution) is a 4G mobile communication standard independently proposed by my country, and successfully conducted two large-scale test network test verifications in 2011 and 2012. It is expected to be soon In the future, it will be commercialized on a large scale both at home and abroad. The two major standards of LTE FDD and TD-LTE are based on OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) technology. The congestion of 2G and 3G spectrums worldwide has caused the distribution of wireless spectrum in the LTE era to be very discrete. At the same time, the two major standards respectively support MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) and Beam-forming (beamforming) technologies at the radio end, which put forward brand new requirements for the physical layout and performance indicators of base station antennas.
2. TD-LTE base station antenna solution
1. Overview of TD-LTE base station antenna
TD-LTE base station antennas continue the mainstream design concept of TD-SCDMA in the 3G era, that is, 8-antenna technology supports beamforming. In the future application of TD-LTE, the F (1880～1920 MHz) and D (2500～2690 MHz) frequency bands will be used as the frequency bands for wide coverage and continuous urban coverage. At the same time, the compatibility of TD-SCDMA and the future The need for base station antenna tilt adjustment after deep coverage. The overall shape of the TD-LTE base station antenna will reflect the trend of broadbandization, electrical tuning, and independent adjustment. As a leading supplier of TD-SCDMA base station antenna solutions, Tongyu Communications will launch a series of new base station antenna products in response to the development needs of TD-LTE.
2. TD-LTE base station antenna selection in different scenarios
According to the characteristics of existing TD-LTE deployment stations, the base station antenna analysis and selection model recommendations are given in various scenarios.
1) Scenario 1-Individual LTE networking in section F or D in dense urban areas
Such scenarios generally require macro station coverage, which has the characteristics of high-density traffic and large data traffic. The coverage distance is generally required to be more than 500m, and there is a need for anti-interference in neighboring cells. In this scenario, conventional gain FAD antenna (Tongyu model TYDA-202616D4T0/3/6/9) and regular gain FA antenna (Tongyu model TYDA-2015D4T0/3/6/9) can be used. In the case of inconvenient mechanical tilt adjustment, you can use the FA ESC antenna (Tongyu model TYDA-2015DE4, supports 0～14 degrees electric downtilt) or FAD broadband ESC antenna (Tongyu model TYDA-202616DE4, supports 2～ 12 degree electric downtilt range).
2) Scenario 2-Section F LTE networking in dense urban areas, compatible with TD-SCDMA
Such scenarios require macro station coverage, which has the characteristics of high-density traffic and large data traffic. The coverage distance is generally required to be more than 500m, and F/A interference is serious. The original TD-SCDMA and the upgraded new TD-LTE may have different equipment providers. This scenario can use conventional gain FAD antennas, conventional gain FA antennas, and FA electrically adjustable antennas. In the case of inconsistent equipment vendors, you can choose F/A built-in combiner antenna (Tongyu model TYDA-1914/2015D4T6-BC).
3) Scenario 3-D-segment LTE networking in dense urban areas, compatible with TD-SCDMA
This scenario also requires macro station coverage, which has the characteristics of high-density traffic and large data traffic, and the coverage distance usually requires more than 500m. The D-band coverage distance is significantly shorter than that of the conventional F-band, and TD-SCDMA and upgraded D-band TD-LTE equipment vendors may be inconsistent. In this type of scenario, conventional gain FAD antennas can be used, plus external combiner solutions, or built-in combiner FAD antennas (Tongyu model TYDA-2015/2616D4T0/3/6/9-BC) can be used. After the TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE business volume has greatly increased, in order to meet the network planning and optimization of the two different systems, the downtilt angle of the base station antenna needs to be independently adjusted in the FA and D segments without interference. At this time, FA is required. /D Built-in combined independent ESC antenna (Tongyu model TYDA-2015/2616DE4-BC).
4) Scenario 4-F or D segment LTE network in hotspot urban area, compatible with TD-SCDMA, covered by micro stations or street stations
The coverage requirements of micro-stations or street stations are to support high-density data traffic with a small coverage distance, generally 200-300m. It is recommended to use a miniaturized FAD eight antenna (Tongyu model TYDA-202615D4T0/3/6/9, size 652 * 320 * 105mm).
There is also a type of scenario that needs to support high-density data traffic, and the coverage distance is about 200m or less. The demand scenario is very sensitive to the size of the antenna and RRU. It is appropriate to use “miniaturized dual-channel RRU+miniaturized ultra-thin dual-channel antenna” to solve this problem. For the solution, it is recommended to use a miniaturized and ultra-thin FA antenna (TDI-182010DM-A, size 290*100*15mm).
5) Scenario 5-Macro station low-density F or D segment LTE networking, compatible with TD-SCDMA
Such scenes are generally distributed in mountain villages, open coastal areas, rural areas, or urban and suburban areas, and their traffic and data traffic are relatively small, with a coverage distance of more than 1km. It is recommended to use a high-gain FAD antenna (Tongyu model TYDA-202618D4T6) for this type of scenario to reduce the cost of site construction. The F, A, and D band gains support 16, 16.5 and 18dBi respectively, which is the highest gain among similar products in the industry. At the same time, in order to meet the needs of network planning, it is necessary to maintain the same vertical beam width as the high-gain FAD antenna and the conventional-gain FAD antenna.
6) Scenario 6-F or D segment LTE networking, compatible with DCS and TD-SCDMA
Such scenarios generally require macro site coverage, support high-density traffic and data traffic, cover a distance of more than 500m, and are also an important coverage area for GSM. For this scenario, it is recommended to use a wideband dual-channel antenna (Tongyu model TDJ-172718D-65PT0/3/6/9) and a wideband dual-channel ESC antenna (Tongyu model TDJ-172718DE-65P).
3. FDD LTE base station antenna solution
Globally, as the traditional 3G system occupies the vast majority of shares, as a continuation, the use of the natural LTE FDD system will be more extensive than that of TD-LTE. As traditional 2G and 3G services still dominate the mainstream, their spectrum resources will continue to be used for a long time in the future. The congestion of wireless spectrum has caused the LTE FDD standard spectrum to be scattered around the world. As a base station antenna, in response to the development of LTE, the primary task is to develop ultra-wideband (1710~2690MHz) and ultra-dual broadband antennas (698~960/1710~2690MHz). In this way, all mobile communication standards include 700MHz, 800MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, Full coverage including 2.1GHz, 2.3GHz, 2.5GHz and 2.6GHz.
A major technical feature of LTE FDD is the use of MIMO technology, which objectively requires base station antennas to support multiple ports at the same frequency; at the same time, in order to cope with the high-density data traffic after the development of LTE, multi-port backup is the best choice for future communication expansion. . In addition, it is common for multiple operators to share antennas and antennas in the same area overseas, making ultra-wideband multi-port base station antennas a trend in LTE FDD solutions. As a leader in the development of broadband phase shifters and multi-port base station antennas, Tongyu will launch a wide range of ultra-wideband multi-port base station antennas in response to the development of LTE FDD technology.
Ultra-wideband base station antenna, dual-band antenna is 698～960/1710～2690MHz (Tongyu typical model TDJ-609015/172717DE-65F), three-band antenna should have different base station antenna widths, shoulder-to-shoulder type 1710～2690/698～960 /1710～2690MHz (Tongyu typical model TTB-609015/172717/172717DE-65F) and coaxial type 698～960/1710～2690/1710～2690MHz (Tongyu typical model TTB-609017/172717/172717DE-65F), Four-band antennas have dual-band side by side 698～960/1710～2690&698～960/1710～2690MHz (Tongyu typical model TDQ-609015/172717DE-65F), five-band antenna has a low and four high 1710～2690/1710～2690/ 698～960/1710～2690/1710～2690MHz (TQB-609017/Q172717DE-60F typical of Tongyu), six-band antenna has three-frequency side by side 698～960/1710～2690/1710～2690&698～960/1710～2690/ 1710～2690MHz (TQB-D609017/Q172717DE-60F typical of Tongyu). At the same time, due to the needs of different coverage distances, various multi-port ultra-wideband antennas have a series of products with different gain files.
Four. Summary
Starting from the development characteristics of domestic TD-LTE and foreign LTE FDD, this article briefly describes the characteristics of base station antennas under the two major standards, and proposes solutions for base station antennas under two types of LTE standards, and Tongyu Communication base station antennas under two different standards. Recommended model for selection.
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