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How to solve the problem of prison criminal management? The integration of RFID Internet of Things technology and GIS geographic information technology can quickly and accurately find the location of detainees, while ensuring that the failure of a single device will not cause positioning/alarm signal failure, false alarms, etc. .
The security issues in prisons mainly focus on the management of the escape of criminals and the crimes in prison, which is the top priority of prison security management. There are many ways for criminals to escape, such as jumping over fences, following vehicles out of the door, violently rushing through the door, etc. These behaviors can be regarded as out of control of the criminal’s whereabouts. In addition, crimes such as gatherings to fight, assaulting the police, and abnormal deaths are committed in prison. The situation is more because manpower and video surveillance alone cannot achieve 100% supervision of all areas. This article will base on the actual business of the prison, combined with information technology, to provide a reference for the information application of prison security management, especially prison management.
1. The development and application requirements of Internet of Things technology in prisons
As the country’s penalty enforcement agency, prisons are responsible for maintaining social peace and stability, preventing crimes, and reforming criminals. There are special industry requirements for the real-time positioning system for detainees. The core requirements mainly include the following aspects.
The system can realize the location management of police officers, prisoners in custody and foreign personnel at the same time. With the help of automatic roll call, alarm management, video linkage, track playback and query statistics, it can greatly improve the recommended management method, provide the work efficiency of the police, and also Improved the security of daily management recommendations; security-related confidentiality: Prison intranets are generally classified as secret networks, and the prison positioning system needs to use radio frequency communication networks. A large amount of data needs to be exchanged with the prison intranet in real time, so The wireless radio frequency network must achieve a dedicated protocol and dedicated hardware conversion to prevent the use of the radio frequency network to invade the prison intranet;
The number of positioning targets is large: most prisons are large in size, there are many building cells, and the number of moving targets for positioning management is generally calculated in tens of thousands. The density of moving targets in most scenes is extremely high, and the positioning network needs to have the corresponding capacity; Multi-system linkage: The positioning system should be able to integrate with various prison monitoring systems to realize early warning linkage;
Reliability: Prison is a law enforcement agency, and the management of criminals must be strict and accurate. The large number of moving targets causes the system to be unreliable even with a small probability, which will cause a large number of false alarms or manual error corrections, making the system completely unusable. . All kinds of alarm signals must also be reliably transmitted, otherwise it is very easy to cause major and malignant events to be detected in time.
2. System design
The inmate tracking and geographic information management system based on the Internet of Things technology will use low radiation, low power consumption, portable location tags, electronic wristbands to bind criminals, police officers and other mobile targets to generate uniquely identified radio frequency signal data. The positioning readers and gateway devices deployed in the prison’s internal environment constitute the backbone of the prison positioning network. Among them, the positioning signal and the alarm signal are finally sent to the prison internal backbone network through the gateway device.
The prison real-time positioning server deployed in the prison information center is based on the received positioning data and alarm signals, based on high-precision positioning algorithms, combined with the prison 2D/3D geographic information model provided by the prison GIS server to calculate the real-time location of the monitored object. Follow up and monitor prisoners in custody in accordance with management requirements, and issue early warnings and alarms for violations of prisoners in custody.
The client of the prison inmate positioning management system is deployed in the sub-control center and the prison information center. It displays the real-time location distribution of all inmates in the prison in two-dimensional or three-dimensional manner. At the same time, it realizes the alarm linkage and video linkage functions to provide police officers in custody. Various monitoring functions of the offender location management system. The terminal computer is installed with a positioning management client to implement system management functions such as the parameter setting of the prisoner positioning management system, prisoner information management and maintenance, and behavior rule setting.
The entire system can also be used as an independent prison security subsystem, which can provide information services such as the prison’s position and trajectory information, mobile target alarm information and alarm information, and prison geographic information for the overall management platform of the provincial government.
Three, application principle
Through the low-frequency activator and belt positioning installed inside the prisonReaderData collection and positioning judgments were made on the electronic wristbands worn by detainees. The electronic wristband adopts two working methods: fixed reporting and wake-up reporting. In an environment without an activator, the heartbeat packet is reported for 2 seconds to ensure synchronization with the system communication. In an environment with an activator, the physical address of the activator is added to the datagram and reported to Locate the reader. The system can complete data collection of all major tags in 3-5 seconds. The positioning GIS refreshes the personnel location information within 2 seconds to ensure timely and reliable positioning data.
125K+2.4G is used to report the location data and alarm data of detainees, and the location network coverage is achieved by deploying low-frequency wakers and positioning readers on the spot, effectively avoiding the interference of the human body to electromagnetic signals, and ensuring that no single device failure occurs The resulting position/alarm signal cannot be read to ensure the reliability of the transmission of key signals such as the police officer, the location of the criminal, and the police officer alarm, and the reliability of the system.
The system is specially designed to reliably receive the signal of each location tag under the condition of high-capacity location tags gathering density, which is suitable for high-density location scenarios in prisons.
Four, system function design
The design and deployment of the prison’s internal positioning network coverage is an important part of the prison detainee’s positioning and tracking system, and it is also the most complicated part. According to the actual application requirements of the prison, the detainee positioning network deployment plan designed by the system adopts a modular design that can be superimposed. It can be targeted at different parts of the prison’s prison area and face different positioning targets. The positioning network environment of different structures can be deployed in stages. The positioning networks of the phases can be integrated with each other and jointly participate in the active real-time positioning of detainees.
The activity area of prisoners usually includes prison cells, classrooms, talk rooms, production and labor workshops, etc. These areas are the key areas for prison prevention. The system provides 24-hour full monitoring and tracking, and can track and analyze the activities of individual prisoners according to the needs of monitoring, without manual intervention.
Through the docking with the data interface of the prison administration system, the tracking system can obtain the latest data of inmates at regular intervals. In the duty center, the distribution and quantity comparison of the personnel in each district can be browsed in real time through the client terminal at any time. The supervision screen displays personnel information in association, such as browsing a certain prison, the prison staff information can be automatically displayed in real time through the GIS system, and clicking on the name of some key criminals will automatically pop up the current detailed file information of the criminal.
The main channel in the prison uses high-precision dual-frequency positioning equipment to collect the access statistics of all personnel entering and exiting, and all entering and exiting personnel information (personal information, entry and exit time) will be recorded by the system. The prison with incorrect data count will automatically give an alarm, and all criminals in the prison shall not rest if the alarm has not been effectively dealt with. At the same time, the activities of criminals in the living area are divided into several graded areas, and each area is set up for technical prevention and early warning to realize graded detection and alarm reporting.
The activities in the prison cell are set as a three-level security zone, and the tracking system can be automatically deployed to do no entry and no exit management.
(1) Banned management
Some areas are restricted areas. Unauthorized persons entering the system will give an alarm. When entering and exiting certain gates, you can set up in advance who can pass, and when people who do not meet the requirements enter and exit the gate, an alarm message will be issued; or Certain areas can only be entered at a certain time. If entering at other times, it will be regarded as illegal intrusion and an alarm will be issued.
(2) Banning management
It is stipulated that certain prisoners cannot leave a certain area, or cannot leave a designated place within a certain period of time, and an alarm will be issued once they leave.
The activities in the aisle and the periphery of the cell are set as a secondary alert area. The alert area is set by installing positioning and reading equipment at the entrance and exit of the cell. Police officers on night shifts can focus their attention in time. The system can flexibly set the alert time and alert area according to management requirements. It can also automatically prompt the criminals who stay in the bathroom for a long time at night to avoid abnormal situations to the greatest extent.
When the positioning reading equipment installed on the periphery of the prison building and the corridor entrance area is triggered, it can be considered as a first-level alert event. At this time, it needs to be reported to the prison command center and notified to the armed police post to strengthen guard. If prisoners in the prison building share access with police officers, it is necessary to strengthen the management of night access control, and obtain the real-time status of the access control in time. The linkage measures of alarm events in different areas need to be treated differently. For example, the events in the prison are just simple reminders, and the alarms outside the prison need sound and light reminders.
The “living area” and “production area” in the prison must be separated. There are duty rooms at the door of the living area and each production workshop. By installing dual-frequency positioning reading equipment on the access doors of the production workshop and living area, Criminals wear inmates’ electronic wristbands. When the prisoners pass the door, they will automatically count the number of people and display the information of the current criminals and the total number of people who have passed. The whole process is carried out by the policemen who must wear the police card. The counting process is automatically executed, and the counting results are automatically recorded in the background. , It can be automatically compared when the number of people is counted at the end of production. When there is a small number of people, it can quickly locate the lack of criminal information.
Prison informatization management is a long-term and arduous systematic project. The above-mentioned informatization applications for the management of criminals’ daily activities are only part of it. They are mainly technical solutions based on the problems encountered by prison frontline officers in actual work. It is more biased towards comprehensive applications than simple hardware construction. This also shows that the future trend of prison informatization construction will definitely develop in the direction of comprehensive application. We need to consider both software and hardware when considering informatization construction. While strengthening the construction of prison hardware facilities, we also need to focus on software construction and application. Build and expand the practical application of information technology. The ultimate goal of prisons is to ensure that the two-way goals of prison management and reformation are achieved. Therefore, our informatization construction must not only help improve work efficiency and ensure prison safety, but also need to use technical means to lead the establishment of a new form of prison management.
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