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1 RFID system composition and principle
1.1 System composition
One of the most basicRFIDThe system generally consists of an electronic tag (Tag) that stores the information of the identifier, a reader (Reader, also called a reader) for writing and reading tag data, and an antenna. In order to realize the processing of label data, it is also necessary to have the corresponding computer system support.
(1) Electronic tag (Tag, namely radio frequency card): It is the core component of RFID. It is installed on the identified object and stores electronic data in a certain format, that is, detailed information about the object. The label is similar to the barcode symbol in the barcode technology, but the difference is that it must be able to automatically or semi-automatically transmit the stored information. The electronic tag is composed of a tag antenna and a tag chip. The tag chip is a single-chip system (S0C) with wireless transceiver and storage functions, which stores coded data in an agreed format to uniquely identify the attached object. It is the data carrier of the radio frequency identification system, with the ability of intelligent reading and writing and encrypted communication.
(2) Reader: It can automatically read the electronic data stored in the electronic tag in a contactless manner, and is the information control and processing center of the RFID system. There is a communication protocol between the reader and the electronic tag, which can transmit information to each other. Whenever an object attached with an electronic tag passes its reading range, it emits radio waves to the tag, and then the tag sends back its stored object information. The whole process is non-contact.
(3) Antenna: Transmit radio frequency signals between the electronic tag and the reader. The antenna connected to the reader is generally made in the form of a door frame and placed at the entrance and exit of the tested item. On the one hand, it provides power to the passive electronic tag to transmit radio signals to activate the electronic tag; on the other hand, it also receives the electronic tag. Information. Each electronic tag also has its own micro-shaped antenna for communication with the reader.
1.2 The working principle of the RFID system
Refer to Figure 1 for a schematic diagram of the working principle of the RFID system. Usually the electronic tag is placed on the object, and the reader sends out a certain frequency radio frequency signal through the antenna; when the electronic tag enters the radio wave receiving coverage of the reader, its micro-shaped antenna generates an induced current, and the electronic tag gains energy to be activated and read The reader sends the data and other information needed for identification (the electronic tag demodulates the command from the received radio frequency pulse and sends it to the control logic, and the control logic receives the command to complete the storage, sending data or other operations); the reader receives the information from the electronic tag Carrier signal, after demodulating and decoding the signal, it is sent to the computer host for processing; the computer system judges the legitimacy of the label according to logical operations, makes corresponding processing and control for different settings, and sends out instruction signals.
2 Advantages of RFID
RFID has the following advantages:
(1) Easy to read
Data reading is free of “touch”, no light source is needed, and it can even be done through the outer packaging. The effective recognition distance is large. When the active tag with its own battery is used, the effective recognition distance can reach more than 30 meters.
(2) Fast recognition speed
Once the electronic tag enters the identification place, the reader can read the information in it instantly, and can process multiple electronic tags at the same time to realize batch identification.
(3) Easy to realize miniaturization and diversified shapes
Electronic tags are not limited by size and shape in reading. It is small in size, easy to package, and has various shapes (such as card-shaped, ring-shaped, button-shaped, pen-shaped, etc.), which can be hidden or embedded in most materials or products to make the marked goods more beautiful. It can be applied to different occasions and is very convenient to use.
(4) Large data memory capacity
Generally, the two-dimensional barcode (PDF417) with the largest data capacity can only store up to 2725 numbers. If it contains letters, the storage capacity will be less, and the electronic label can be expanded according to the needs of users. At present, the electronic label chip produced on the market has the lowest storage data volume with 17 binary numbers, which is far larger than the data volume of bar codes. In the future, the amount of information that items need to carry will become larger and larger, and the data capacity will expand with the development of memory specifications, and there will be no restrictions on electronic tags.
(5) Penetration
RFID can read the label through mud, dirt, paint, oil, wood, cement, plastic, water and steam and other non-metallic materials during identification, and it does not have to be in direct contact with the electronic label carrier. Data transmission uses a higher frequency band and uses the principle of radio to transmit signals. Even if the electronic tag is wrapped in paper, wood, plastic, etc., it can still carry out penetrating communication.
(6) Environmental resistance
RFID can also read data in a dark or dirty environment. It has strong stain resistance to water, oil, medicine and other substances. Unlike paper, it will not be seen when it is dirty. It can be used even in harsh environments. The working temperature can reach -25℃～+70℃. Therefore, electronic tags are ideal for reading in harsh environments such as dirty, damp, and harsh environments.
(7) Long service life and wide application range
The service life of the electronic tag can be more than 10 years, read and write 100,000 times, without mechanical wear, no mechanical failure.
(8) Better security
The number of the electronic label is unique, and it can set up password protection for the reading and writing of the stored data, and it can also add the anti-counterfeiting identification code through an encryption operation. As long as it is scanned through the Internet or the manufacturer’s anti-theft identification equipment such as readers, the authenticity of the product can be immediately distinguished, and it has higher security.
(9) Cost
The price of electronic tags will decrease with the development of technology and the expansion of production scale.
3 Application of RFID in product anti-counterfeiting
The principle of anti-counterfeiting is: write the product identification number (ID), the anti-counterfeit code (which is encrypted by hardware or software algorithms) in the RFID chip. This ID is unique in all links such as production and sales; the chip is made into Electronic tags, electronic tags are attached to commodities, making it an inseparable part of commodities. When the electronic label is “forced” to separate from the product, the “integrity” of the product is destroyed, the product is deemed to have been “consumed”, and the anti-counterfeiting ends. In the above links, various technical means are used to ensure that the ID verification process cannot be forged and tampered with. If the verification mechanism is forged, counterfeit goods will appear; if the verification process is tampered with, the authenticity will be “falsified” and disrupt the market. In this way, in the whole process of commodities from production, circulation to consumption, there is only one commodity with a unique means of verification that is identified by a unique ID, so as to achieve the purpose of anti-counterfeiting. The identification ID data of the RFID electronic tag is read-only and cannot be changed. In order to prevent counterfeiters from using counterfeit electronic tags with the same ID, an anti-counterfeit tag can also be written with a unique secret information “key” associated with the ID to identify the uniqueness of the verification process. Therefore, the unique ID of the anti-counterfeiting label, the unique secret verification information in the chip, and the strict encryption authentication mechanism can make the anti-counterfeiting technology effective for a long time.
The appearance of counterfeit and inferior products in the market for the commonly used commodities in China, such as alcohol, cosmetics, medicines and health products, will seriously affect the reputation of these brand-name commodities and affect the country’s economic construction. Its anti-counterfeiting is necessary. RFID anti-counterfeiting technology breaks through the idea of anti-counterfeiting technology in the past, and adopts a new measure to make it difficult to forge, easy to identify, information feedback, password uniqueness, password confidentiality, and one-time use. The use of RFID technology for anti-counterfeiting, compared with laser anti-counterfeiting, digital anti-counterfeiting, etc., has the advantage that: each tag has a unique ID number, which is placed in the ROM when the chip is made, and cannot be modified or copied; no Mechanical wear, anti-fouling; the reader has a physical interface that is not directly open to the end user to ensure its own security; in terms of data security, in addition to the password protection of the electronic tag, the data part can be managed by some algorithms; the reader and There is a process of mutual authentication between electronic tags.
4 Conclusion
Regardless of the method used to apply RFID anti-counterfeiting, the security of the authentication device must be ensured. Only in this way can it really play a role in anti-counterfeiting. At present, my country’s RFID is mainly used in logistics management, medical field, monitoring and tracking management of goods and dangerous goods, civil aviation baggage consignment, and non-stop charging of roads and bridges. It can be predicted that the application of RFID will nurture a huge market and be a new economic growth point. Its potential and prospects will be very attractive. The unique advantages of RFID technology will form a huge industry in the world, which is worthy of attention in various fields.
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