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Promotion trend:
After many years of operation, the “unmanned ticket sales” system of urban public transport has become more and more perfect in management, but new issues are now in front of us. “Not enough cash” is the biggest contradiction between passengers and bus companies since the implementation of unmanned ticket sales. “Unmanned ticket sales” undoubtedly played a great role in promoting the transportation speed and business management of vehicles. However, due to “no redemption”, it would definitely increase the financial burden for passengers who do not have enough change. It is precisely after the implementation of “unmanned ticket sales” that passengers have the biggest complaints. “Unmanned ticket sales” needs to be improved, and as the economic environment changes, it is imperative to cancel monthly passes. The introduction of non-contact IC card technology provides modern technical support for realizing automatic charging of urban public transport.
1. System benefit analysis
1.1 Economic benefit forecast
(1) Speed up passengers’ boarding speed, reduce vehicle parking time, and speed up vehicle turnover is equivalent to reducing vehicles.
(2) Use stored-value tickets instead of monthly tickets, and charge on a per-time basis. Both parties to the transaction are fair and reasonable. It not only retains the original convenience of the monthly pass, but also reduces the enterprise’s losses on the monthly pass. Discounts are still given to student tickets after using stored-value tickets. An important factor in bus operating losses is the monthly pass. The long-term planned economy has always regarded public transportation enterprises as welfare enterprises. With the establishment of the socialist market economy, the monthly pass will be developed in a direction that is convenient for passengers and slightly preferential. The use of IC cards to gradually replace monthly passes, eventually replace monthly passes, eliminate all the disadvantages of welfare monthly passes, is of great significance to promote management, strengthen economic reforms, and break the big pot of rice, and create a prerequisite for ultimately reducing the losses of bus companies and reducing dependence on government subsidies. Taking Xiamen Bus as an example, although the IC card electronic monthly pass is used to replace the original monthly pass, the preferential method of welfare monthly pass is still adopted, resulting in the situation that the more monthly pass cards are issued, the greater the loss.
(3) Timely grasp the passenger flow situation, scientific and reasonable dispatch and create benefits.
(4) It can save the cost of unmanned ticket-counting staff. If 50% of passengers use stored-value tickets, half of the cash counters can be saved. Take the Shenzhen Bus Company as an example. There were nearly 200 cash counters. After the expansion of unmanned ticket sales in 1995, the number of cash counters was reduced by 100, which can save about 3 million yuan in comprehensive costs each year.
(5) Advertising fee income, advertising can be printed on the stored-value coupon to offset part of the cost of the ticket storage card.
(6) You can collect invoices in advance to increase the company’s working capital.
1.2 Social benefits
(1) The service level of public transportation can be improved, which is in line with the goal of building an international city. At present, the system we have selected was only used on a small scale in Hong Kong and Macau in 1995. Western Europe, Australia and other countries have only used it in recent years, keeping pace with the international advanced level.
(2) It can be convenient for citizens and reduce social cash circulation. Nowadays, due to the lack of change in the market, shopping by car is very inconvenient. After using the stored-value ticket, you can take all buses with one card in hand. The use of stored-value tickets can also be extended to minibuses, taxis, subways, shopping malls, etc., and one card can be used everywhere.
(3) It can improve vehicle operation efficiency and save travel time. Using non-contact IC card to store value tickets, it only takes one second to complete a charging process, which is much faster than plug-in IC cards and magnetic cards (approximately 3 seconds) and coin insertion (approximately 5 seconds). Due to the increase in toll rates, the shortened running time of vehicles is equivalent to saving travel time.
(4) Fully automated management of fees and statistics can effectively plug loopholes and prevent possible corruption and counterfeit tickets by managers.
(5) The non-contact IC card is beautiful, easy to carry, not easy to be damaged, and can be stored for a long time.
(6) The contactless IC card has a huge memory space, which can be reserved for development and application in other areas. Realize the new management mode of one card with multiple functions. For example, in the internal operating system of a large enterprise, the employee’s travel card can also be used for attendance, access control, and meal sales systems.
1.3 Overview of system composition
The IC card stored-value system, for vehicles, is based on the original coin-operated unmanned ticketing system, equipped with a vehicle-mounted stored-value ticket inspection machine and its auxiliary facilities to complete the work of ticket sales, ticket inspection and travel data collection for passengers. The system block diagram of the IC card stored-value ticket system is as follows:
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1.4 Description of each component
(1) Passenger card (non-contact IC card)
This is the carrier of ticket value. According to the requirements of ticket management, it can be divided into various methods such as stored-value cards and monthly cards.
Stored Value Card
Stored-value cards are sold at a certain face value at the point of sale. Each time a passenger uses the card, the ticket value of that time will be deducted from the card. If the final balance is less than the fare for one ride, you can still enjoy the last discounted ride. When the old card balance is used up or is about to run out, passengers can take the old card to the recharge point to add the amount, or return the old card at the point of sale and get the deposit back. Stored-value cards can also be classified. Different types of cards can have different discount points, such as adult cards and student cards, and a certain range of discounts can be given to student cards.
Monthly card
The monthly pass is a form of transition from the original monthly pass to a stored-value card. The valid period of use and the number of rides are defined on the monthly pass. After paying a certain amount of cash at the top-up point, passengers can use the monthly pass for a limited number of times within the validity period. Compared with the original monthly pass, the number of trips can be limited, which reduces the loss of the bus on the monthly pass to a certain extent.
Composite card
The composite card can have the functions of a monthly card and a stored-value card at the same time. Under normal circumstances, the vehicle-mounted device handles the composite card in the monthly card mode. In the following cases, the vehicle-mounted device automatically deducts the composite card in the stored-value card mode.
a. When monthly cards are not allowed on this route
b. At the end of the card validity period of the current month
c. When the valid travel times of the card in the current month are used up
(2) On-board machine
This is a non-contact IC card reader/writer device. When passengers board the bus, place the valid stored-value ticket at a normal speed (not too fast or too slow to prevent misoperation due to jitter), and place it on the surface of the read-write area within the sensing range of about 0-10CM (the most The best sensing distance is about 5CM), pause for a while (about 0.3 seconds), the vehicle-mounted device emits a beep, the green light is on, and the card balance is displayed, and the vehicle-mounted device has completed the entire process of deduction. The monthly card can be used to deduct the number of uses and other operations.
(3) Ticket inspection machine
Its structural principle is the same as that of a vehicle-mounted machine. The difference is that it does not deduct the value or times of the card, nor does it store records, only reads and displays the card balance or times, card number and other related information. The ticket inspection machine is used for passengers to check the balance on the stored-value card or the number of rides remaining on the monthly card.
(4) Recharge point terminal
It is used to provide passengers with sales, recharge, card refund and other services. The recharge point terminal is operated by the operator by entering the system with a legal operator card, and has a detailed record of each recharge or card withdrawal service, and records a verification password to prevent illegal deletion or rewriting of transaction records. Transaction records can be accessed through the dial-up network Upload to the management center.
(5) Data collection terminal
Mainly responsible for collecting the original data in the vehicle. The system consists of two parts. One is the data collector (handheld POS machine) used by the staff of the settlement center to collect data on the vehicle-mounted device, and the other is a data acquisition card dedicated to the staff of the settlement center (used to open the database on the vehicle-mounted device).
(6) Central Management System
This system is the head of the entire bus stored-value ticket system, which is mainly composed of the following six subsystems
a.Special card making system
Mainly used for blank card initialization and special cards such as general authorization card, fare setting management card, fare setting card, data collection management card, data collection card, operator management card, operator card, vehicle-mounted machine authorization card, etc. Make.
b.Passenger card issuance system
The main purpose is to initialize the IC card that has just been purchased and put into the warehouse, and make it into the authorization format of the bus company to prevent illegal forgery.
c.Data collection system
It is mainly used to receive the raw data collected by the data acquisition machine and perform data summary to ensure that all data is safely and correctly returned to the management center.
d.Recharge point management system
Receive the original data uploaded by the terminal of the recharge point and perform summary statistics.
e.Data management system
Manage original data, back up, restore, and maintain data, output reports required by various management levels, and query various original records.
f.Financial management system
Process the original data and query various financial statistics reports.
g.Operation Management System
Process the original data and query various operational statistical reports. Such as the operating income and passenger flow statistics report of each line.
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