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1. System introduction
1. Introduction to ETC is an electronic automatic toll collection system for highways, bridges and tunnels that is being developed and promoted internationally. ETC technology has a long history of development abroad. Electronic toll collection systems in many countries and regions such as the United States and Europe have been partially networked and gradually formed economies of scale.my country’s road network toll collection, which uses IC cards and magnetic cards as the medium and adopts manual toll collection methods, is undoubtedly also affected.
The impact of this trend.
1) The significance of implementing ETC
The non-stop toll collection technology is particularly suitable for use in highways or bridges and tunnels with heavy traffic. The implementation of non-stop toll collection allows vehicles to pass through at high speed, which can greatly improve the traffic capacity of the highway; the electronic toll collection of highways can reduce the cost of toll management and improve the operating efficiency of vehicles; at the same time, it can also greatly reduce the noise at the toll gate. Levels and exhaust emissions. As the traffic capacity has been greatly improved, the scale of toll stations can be reduced, and infrastructure and management costs can be saved. In addition, the non-stop toll collection system is not only an advanced toll technology for cities, it is also a practical and effective traffic management method that regulates traffic flow through economic levers. For bridges and tunnels with heavy traffic, the non-stop toll collection system can avoid the many weaknesses of the monthly ticket system and manual toll collection, and effectively improve the fund recovery capacity of these municipal facilities.
2) The development of ETC in my country
In China, in 1995, the National Bureau of Technical Supervision formally approved the Ministry of Communications to undertake the domestic centralized work of ISO/TC204, and the secretariat is located in the Highway Research Institute of the Ministry of Communications. In 1996, the Ministry of Communications established the China Communications Engineering Facilities (Highway) Standards Committee. In 1998, the State Development Planning Commission entrusted the Institute of Highway Research of the Ministry of Communications to carry out the “Research on the Standardization System of Traffic Engineering” and required that more than 20 national standards urgently needed in this field be formulated as soon as possible. Preparation work.
3) Application of ETC in practice
A) ETC application in foreign countries
Internationally, the United States, Europe, and Japan have conducted in-depth research on the R&D technology, engineering implementation, and standard specifications in the non-stop toll system very early, and submitted a draft of the non-stop toll standard to the International Organization for Standardization, which Europe and Japan proposed The standard is relatively mature and has received a wide range of vendor support.
B) Introduction to the application of ETC in my country
Although foreign ETC systems have been successfully operated and have certain characteristics, whether some technical features and operating methods are suitable for China requires in-depth evaluation and analysis based on the behavioral characteristics of road users in my country. Take the lane part as an example. There are two modes of dedicated lane and mixed lane. There are two modes of tollman on-duty management and unattended management. There are two modes with high-speed railing and no railing. There are low-speed traffic mode and high-speed traffic mode. . From the perspective of handling violations of fees and evasion, there are two modes: on-site processing and image capture and post-processing. If the ETC operating model fails to provide fast free parking and fast-passing services, and cannot reduce the number of toll attendants, it will not be able to show obvious attractiveness, and the prospect of promotion and application will undoubtedly be affected. In order to standardize and promote the application of non-stop toll collection in China, the Ministry of Transport organized research on non-stop toll collection systems under the network environment in 1998 by the Highway Research Institute of the Ministry of Transport and other relevant units, and gave guidelines for related interface specifications and technical indicators. In 1999, the Communications Departments of Beijing, Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Sichuan were organized to carry out demonstration projects. At the same time, it also plans to carry out promotion work in more provinces and cities to give full play to the advantages of the network non-stop toll system.
4) The development trend of ETC
With the rapid development of expressway construction, my country’s expressway toll collection system has also made great progress. Over the past ten years, the expressway toll collection system has gradually transitioned from a comprehensive introduction stage to a stage that combines independent development and introduction. It is mainly embodied in three aspects: network charging by area, network charging by line, and the use of high-tech science and technology to improve charging management methods. With the rapid development of society and economy, especially the gradual formation of the inter-provincial, municipal and national trunk highway network, the society’s technical requirements for the toll system will become higher and higher, and the more automated toll technology will inevitably gradually replace the traditional Manual operation, ETC technology will be adopted in suitable road sections. Judging from the current situation, my country’s manual charging technology has matured, and the industry will still dominate for a long time. However, non-cash payment methods will be welcomed. There have been some expressways in China that have been in operation for five or six years, and their traffic volume has reached a considerable level. The capacity of some toll stations can indeed not meet the needs of peak traffic, and they are facing expansion and reconstruction of toll stations. ETC lane selection. At this time, the implementation of ETC fees is obviously better than the expansion of civil works.
my country encourages the development of satellite cities and large residential areas around large cities. At this time, the traffic flow between cities will be very large, and the traffic density will be high. At the same time, the required road service level is also high. The implementation of automatic parking toll services and non-parking The demand for high-speed ETC charging services will exist objectively.
The two-piece electronic tag that can be compatible with IC card toll collection and ETC electronic toll collection and its combined electronic toll collection technology plan will become the exploration and focus of the development of road network automated toll collection technology. It is easier to implement ETC electronic payment in a system based on IC card charging. It is only necessary to install an ETC lane system at a congested toll station or a toll station with special needs. There is no need to let the ETC system itself constitute a closed system. The internet. The main work involved is the task of lane reconstruction, there is a certain amount of work, but there is no problem of duplication of investment or waste.
2. High-speed non-stop toll collection system
In recent years, my country’s highway construction has achieved rapid development, the mileage of expressways has been increasing, and some provincial road network bureaus have basically formed. However, with the formation of the road network and the increase in the mileage of highways open to traffic, the traffic flow is also increasing, which brings many new problems:
Toll facilities and toll technology are backward, and the toll stations at the entrances and exits of the city form a traffic bottleneck;
The inconsistency of charging methods and standards in various road sections causes confusion for users to pay;
Give the society a bad impression of the highway department setting up tolls everywhere, which is extremely inconsistent with the image of expressways that are high-speed and fast;
Repeated construction of toll plazas and facilities, resulting in waste of investment and increased operating costs;
ΠThe number of stops increases, and the environmental pollution caused by car exhaust increases.
In view of the development of international and domestic non-stop toll collection, based on advanced, reliable, convenient and practical design principles, through multi-party market research, a high-speed non-stop toll collection system has been developed and achieved good results in practical applications. .
3. System Features
Advanced
Modern information technology is the most active field in the development of modern science and technology. New products and new technologies emerge in an endless stream. The emergence of each new technology has a great impact on our lifestyle and greatly promotes the improvement of our work efficiency. effect. Therefore, the system must adopt advanced technology and equipment, which reflects the advanced level of the equipment and makes the overall system have a strong development potential. At the same time, since this system is a project that has been used in practice, its required equipment and technology must be relatively mature.
reliability
Must consider adopting mature technology and products. In terms of equipment selection and system design, the occurrence of failures is minimized.
Maintainability
Maintainability is an important factor in the success of today’s application systems, including two meanings:
(1) Trouble shooting;
(2) Daily management and operation are simple and convenient.
Applicability
When designing this system, we should first consider meeting the functional requirements of management and the needs of practical applications.
Openness
Taking into account the long-term interests of investors, this system must be an open system that can be integrated with other systems and implemented in conjunction with relevant international or industrial standards.
Scalability
This system considers the needs of future development, so it must provide support for the expansion and replacement of system product series, capacity and processing capabilities. This expansion not only fully protects the original investment, but also has a higher comprehensive performance-to-price ratio.
Normative
Since this system is a comprehensive system, in the initial stage of system design and construction, various standards and specifications should be referred to, and various technical specifications of the specification should be followed, and standardized design and management of the system should be done well.
2. System design plan and description
1. ETC lane design
ETC lane plan
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The design of ETC lanes mainly considers the factors of vehicle passing speed to ensure that vehicles can pass at a speed of 40Km/h. The legal vehicle is released by lifting the pole, and the illegal vehicle intercepts and guides it into the manual toll lane.
2. ETC system operation mode
Tolls are charged by registered or debit card (electronic passbook). According to the time or amount in the electronic label, the electronic label can be divided into: normal electronic label, graylist label, and blacklist label.
Normal label: a label that can pass normally;
Greylist label: When the amount of the electronic label account is insufficient, it will be listed as a greylist;
Blacklist label: When the electronic label account exceeds the specified date or the amount exceeds the overdraft limit, it will be included in the blacklist.
Black and gray list label processing: the automatic railing is in a normally closed state. For greylisted labels, the lane system will prompt the user through the toll display, lift the railing, turn on the green light, and let go; for blacklisted labels, the system will intercept them and give an alarm. The sound and light alarm will go out automatically after 15 seconds. Vehicle traffic can be connected to the monitoring system for real-time monitoring of the traffic process; by adjusting the reading angle of the reading device and cooperating with the vehicle detector, the phenomenon of car following can be prevented.
3. Use of electronic tags
Electronic tags can be provided to users in two ways: “buyout” and “rental”: buyout method: the user purchases the electronic label, and the electronic label belongs to the user; the rental method: the user pays the electronic label to the operating company before using the electronic label Label use deposit, and electronic label is leased to users for use. After the user cancels the lease, the deposit is returned to the user.
4. Electronic label information
Entrance station:
Read: electronic tag code, car model, license plate number
Write: entrance time, entrance station number, entrance lane number
Exit station:
Read: entrance time, entrance station number, entrance lane number, electronic tag code, car model, license plate number
Write: Exit time, exit station number, exit lane number,
5. Billing method
System billing methods can be divided into two types: “rental” and “stored value”:
Rental method: user pre-traffic charges, unlimited passes within a specified time (such as one month), and no passing is allowed after the expiration date. The user can renew the transportation charges when the label expires and continue the lease;
Stored value method: The user also renews the transportation fee, and the corresponding toll is deducted from the user’s account each time the user passes through. When the user account balance is insufficient for the current pass, the system will intercept it and the user can perform Recharge.
6. Lane program status
The ETC lane program can be divided into three states:
Normal state: working state;
Locked state: When the lane encounters an abnormal situation, the lane program enters the locked state. The lock here refers to the operation of locking the railing, which prevents subsequent legal vehicles from letting illegal vehicles that have been intercepted;
Maintenance status: used for system maintenance and to perform some manual intervention operations. The evacuation officer can unlock the lane program through the maintenance status, and manually release the illegal vehicle.
7. ETC background system
The back-end management system of the expressway ETC system and the back-end system of manual toll collection are completely separated and independent of each other. Its purpose is to facilitate maintenance.
ETC’s background system includes: main server, workstation.
Main server: Mainly responsible for charging, storage and settlement of accounting data and other functions.
Workstation: Mainly responsible for the issuance and management of electronic labels, account recharge and data backup functions.
3. System equipment
1. System equipment selection
Due to the high performance requirements of the system, in order to make the system stable, fast and reliable, it is recommended to adopt the most advanced remote recognition solution without stopping. This system was first introduced in 1999 and has been used in many projects.
The equipment used in the system is remote identification technology, which is currently a more advanced and reasonable identification system. It provides a more convenient and fast solution for the rapid passage of vehicles. It uses an RF identification card produced by RFID technology. The card is small and the identification distance can reach up to 15M. The card can be easily adsorbed on the front glass of the car. The card reader is installed on the side of the toll island for high-speed remote identification of the vehicle. The driver does not need to stop and pay, and the system will automatically recognize the vehicle with the card at a long distance. The vehicle can pass continuously. It will cause blockage and confusion at the entrance and exit, and there will be no repeated card reading. The service life of the equipment can be up to 10 years, and maintenance is not required for many years.
2. Reading equipment
The reading device has a built-in management program that can automatically complete the object recognition function offline, and the built-in database can store a large amount of electronic label data.
Features:
? Free of manual identification;
? Water-proof and dust-proof plastic shell, suitable for harsh environments;
? Serial communication;
? High-speed reading;
? Small size and compact design.
Product technical characteristics:
? Working frequency is 2.45GHz, with circular polarity information magnetic field;
6m-15m reading distance, moving objects can be detected within 15m;
? Software setting reading distance/channel (100 optional channels);
? 3 color luminous tube and buzzer;
? User programmable;
? Flash EEPROM database;
DTMF and LED interface;
? RS232 and 2/4 wire system RS485;
? 3 parallel input, 2 parallel output;
? Relay and protective switch;
? 24V or 12V working voltage;
-20 degrees to +85 degrees normal work;
Normally work in harsh environments such as rain, snow, wind, sand, corrosion, etc.;
RFID technology, accurate identification rate of 100%.
3. Electronic label
As the vehicle’s electronic identification, it is installed at the bottom right of the car’s windshield. The memory information storage can be defined in two ways according to user needs:
1) Unique ID code, establish a central database, the unique ID code corresponds to the basic information of the vehicle one-to-one;
2) Store basic information of the vehicle, such as license plate number, car model and other basic information.
Electronic label technical indicators:
? Power supply type: battery power supply;
? Service life: more than 6 years;
? Working temperature: -20℃ — +85℃;
? Working frequency: 2.45GHz;
Adapt to the environment: rain, snow, fog, dust, oil, chemical corrosion, sand, vibration, impact, etc.
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