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1. The concept and significance of the Internet of Things at ports
On March 5, 2010, when he delivered a government work report at the Third Session of the Eleventh National People’s Congress, Premier Wen Jiabao pointed out that it is necessary to vigorously cultivate strategic emerging industries, actively promote the integration of the “three networks” and make substantial progress, and accelerate the research and development of the Internet of Things application. The Internet of Things has developed rapidly since it was proposed, and it is known as the third wave of the world’s information industry after computers and the Internet. As the center of modern integrated logistics, the port gathers all kinds of logistics information, and the Internet of Things is urgently required to provide unlimited upward and downward extension space for its sensing of things and things. This gave birth to the port and port Internet of Things.
1. The concept of the Internet of Things at ports and ports. The Internet of Things is to use radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners and other information sensing equipment to connect any item to the Internet according to an agreed agreement to carry out information Exchange and communication to realize intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management of a network. Combining the interpretation of the concept of the Internet of Things and the characteristics of port logistics information, this article believes that: Port Internet of Things is a subsystem of the Internet of Things. It uses various sensors, GPS positioning, video surveillance and other technologies to collect port logistics information and pass The Internet organically integrates port logistics systems such as land passenger and cargo transportation, port and terminal operations, yard (park) warehousing operations, and logistics equipment, and provides various types of supervision and production information for port management departments and port and shipping companies. It is an important data source for the port’s public logistics information platform.
2. The significance of the Internet of Things at ports
First of all, the port Internet of Things relies on the particularity of the port and logistics industry to provide unlimited upward and downward extension space for the sensing of things and things, and make certain attempts for the commercial development of the Internet of things.
Secondly, the port Internet of Things can realize the adjustment of the local industrial structure, and provide a technology application platform for the local Internet of Things technology research and development center, and at the same time provide an auxiliary decision-making basis for the planning, management and control of the logistics industry by government functional departments at all levels.
Third, the port Internet of Things provides various remote management, information exchange methods and personalized services for local logistics companies. Thereby improving the management level of enterprises, advancing logistics supply chain management, reducing management and operating costs, providing enterprises with comprehensive technical support for large-scale and intensive development, and providing material-linked functional support for the development of regional logistics.
Finally, the port Internet of Things provides a broad technical platform for the public to perceive logistics, understand logistics, and enter logistics.
2. The structural system planning of the port Internet of Things
1. The system structure of the Internet of Things is shown in Figure 1. The Internet of Things itself has five levels of structure, from bottom to top: sensor layer, machine communication layer, telecommunication network layer, management layer, and application layer. The sensor layer detects all the activities of the signal, including the detection of future objects, through the sensor network, and converts it into a digital signal. The machine communication layer aggregates the information collected by the sensors through wired and wireless methods, and transmits and carries the information to the third-layer telecommunication network and IT network. The telecommunication network layer transmits and carries all kinds of information. The management layer manages billing and service gateways, based on what operators need to be profitable and manageable. The last layer is the application layer, which is oriented towards customers and end users.
2. The architecture planning of the port and port Internet of Things The overall structure of the port port Internet of Things is shown in Figure 2. According to different port areas or port production enterprises, it is divided into several parks. Each park is composed of land passenger and cargo transportation system, port terminal operation system, yard (park) storage operation system, logistics equipment and other systems. Based on different systems (systems) have their own characteristics, it is necessary to use different technical equipment and record different transportation information. These systems (systems) include the main processes and links of port logistics, and can provide detailed and comprehensive information for port supervision and enterprise production.
(1) Land passenger and cargo transportation system The land passenger and cargo transportation system mainly collects information on transportation vehicles, mainly using technologies such as vehicle identification sensing, pressure and speed sensing, GPS tracking, and video surveillance. The vehicle identification sensor recognizes and records the type, license plate, company and other related information of the transport vehicle, which is convenient for the management department and the owner of the cargo to supervise and inquire. Pressure and speed sensing, recording and transmission of vehicle load and operating data, whether the vehicle is overweight or overspeed or parked abnormally can be seen at a glance. GPS tracking is mainly the positioning of vehicles. Generally, vehicle positioning and box positioning are unified during the land transportation phase. Video surveillance is mainly to facilitate inspections by relevant personnel, especially boxes under customs supervision. Video surveillance can facilitate customs inspections.
(2) Port wharf operation system The port wharf operation system mainly collects relevant information about the frontier operations of the terminal, and mainly adopts technologies such as video surveillance, identification sensing, GPS+GIS tracking, and automatic sorting. Video surveillance also provides cutting-edge production conditions for customs and other port departments and port enterprises, realizing the supervision of the entire customs area without blind spots, and providing production site conditions for the central control room of port enterprises. The identification sensor is to identify the relevant information of the boxes. According to the port’s day and night production plan, the specific information of whether each box needs to be unloaded, where the ship is, whether it is taken directly or in the warehouse, etc. is identified, and fed back to the central control and bridge cranes. , Truck driver. GPS+GIS tracking realizes dynamic box tracking, which is convenient for shippers to inquire and arrange for trailers to leave the port. Automatic sorting, based on the identification and sensor information, the computer automatically adds certain attributes to the boxes to improve production efficiency and accuracy.
(3) Yard (park) warehousing operation system Yard (park) warehousing operation system mainly collects relevant information in port warehouses and logistics park warehouses, mainly using video monitoring, humidity, heat sensitivity, smoke sensing, and gas transmission. Sensing, positioning sensing and other technologies. Video surveillance facilitates cargo owners and warehouse management personnel to understand the status of the goods, especially for logistics companies to manage. Humidity, heat sensitivity, and smoke sensing are mainly for fire protection considerations to ensure the safety of the warehouse and realize automatic detection of the warehouse environment around the clock. Gas sensing, some types of goods have high requirements for the air environment, gas sensing can report some indicators of warehouse air, assisting the management of logistics enterprises. The positioning sensor is placed in the article to report the location of the shelf or yard where the article (box) is located, which is convenient for searching.
(4) Logistics equipment system The storage yard (park) warehousing operation system mainly collects relevant information of various loading and unloading equipment in the port area, mainly using torque sensing, video monitoring, identification sensing and other technologies. The torque sensor is installed in the loading and unloading equipment to facilitate the understanding of the weight of the cargo and the working status of the loading and unloading equipment to ensure the safety of production. The role of video surveillance is roughly the same as that of the terminal’s front-end production system. The identification sensor is mainly to facilitate the loading and unloading machinery to correctly identify the goods that need to be operated, and to improve the production efficiency and accuracy.
3. The interconnection of the port Internet of Things and the port’s public logistics information platform
1. The main structure of the port’s public logistics information platform
The port public logistics information platform was created to solve the problems of poor information integration and narrow application scope, starting from the electronic port. According to the “Notice on Strengthening the Construction of Electronic Ports” of the General Office of the State Council, all localities are required to build electronic ports with functions such as a “gateway” access to the network, one-time authentication login, and “one-stop” services, and integrate port clearance law enforcement. A unified information platform for customs clearance, integrating management and related logistics and business services. In practice, it is found that in addition to a large amount of customs clearance information, a lot of port and shipping information is needed in the construction of electronic ports. Therefore, the original port and shipping EDI is also included in the construction of electronic ports, gradually forming a port public logistics information platform.
The platform realizes the function of “one order, multiple reports” for port departments, simplifies and regulates port law enforcement procedures, speeds up customs clearance, and provides free information; and provides paid information for port and shipping companies’ production and logistics business operations. Based on the above analysis, this article believes that the port e-government platform and the port and shipping e-commerce platform are divided into port e-government platform and port and shipping e-commerce platform according to business functions, which are operated by various competent agencies. The main structure is shown in Figure 3.
Port logistics information public platform–Under the premise of a little intervention and identity authentication, develop the port e-government platform and the port and shipping e-commerce platform.
Port e-government platform-the core is the e-port system. Guided by local port import and export business and application requirements, using modern information technology and the Internet public data network, the electronic ledger data of port inspection units, service units and import and export enterprises’ cargo flow, capital flow and document flow are carried out. After unified data standards, standardized application models, business specifications and technology integration, they are stored in public data centers to achieve centralized storage, centralized use and full sharing of information, and achieve cross-departmental, cross-industry, and cross-regional functional and technical system integration . The port e-government platform finally realizes “all-in-one card” and “one-stop” services, simplifies handling procedures, and provides high-quality and efficient port customs clearance services. The port and shipping e-commerce platform-the core is the port and shipping EDI system. A comprehensive information service platform based on information such as transportation, logistics and warehousing, financial insurance, etc., with online import and export enterprises as users, and online order transactions as means.
2. The interconnection of the port Internet of Things and the port’s public logistics information platform
The core technologies of the Internet of Things are RFID and sensors, but this is only perception. The real value of the Internet of Things lies in the Internet and not in the things. Sensing is easy, but if the perceived information does not have a huge network system and cannot be managed and integrated, then this network is meaningless. Therefore, it is a big problem to establish a comprehensive business management platform, collect all kinds of sensor information, conduct classified management, and carry out directional transmission. A small business can even develop sensing technology and sensing applications, but it cannot build a nationwide high-efficiency network. Without this platform, the result of separate governance must be low efficiency and high cost, it is difficult to develop, and it is difficult to achieve results. Therefore, the port Internet of Things must be interconnected with the port’s public logistics information platform.
The key to interconnection is to have a unified data format when transmitting at the application layer, which requires the Internet of Things data processing center to retain an interface for the public logistics information platform during construction. At the same time, in the actual application, the data collected by various sensors should be processed into a standard format and sent to the customs, national inspection and other port departments or various port and shipping enterprises. Figure 4 shows the operation of the entire information system after interconnection.
4. Proposals for the pilot construction of the Internet of Things at ports
1. Give full play to the role of the market in allocating resources, mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises, proceed from the reality of meeting logistics needs, and focus on the economic benefits of investment. The government should invest in the construction of the port logistics network in the early stage, create a good policy environment for its development, and support the construction of key projects.
2. The data transmission format used by the logistics network should be consistent with the port e-government platform and the port and shipping e-commerce platform to achieve data sharing and better serve the port’s public logistics information platform.
3. To make full use of existing resources, for example, video surveillance can use port remote monitoring and computer networking systems, port information should make full use of the customs H2000 system, CIQ2000 system, etc., and gradually develop various subdivisions on this basis Application project.
4. Take a pilot program for large enterprises and then gradually promote it. That is, first let local port groups, logistics and warehousing and other large enterprises do pilot work, and then gradually promote it.
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