Vehicle traffic big data application scheme based on “Beidou + automotive electronic identification”
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1. Program overview
With the rapid social and economic development, my country is accelerating its entry into the automobile society. Take the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as an example: by the end of 2014, the number of cars in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei has exceeded 18 million (about 5.6 million in Beijing, ranking first in the country, Hebei There are more than 10 million vehicles in the province and 2 million vehicles in Tianjin), accounting for about 12% of the country, and more than 28 million drivers. The rapid growth of car ownership has promoted the economic and social development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and has also brought about a series of new social problems, such as increasingly serious road traffic congestion, increased exhaust pollution, difficult parking, serious fake licenses, and public safety. Increasing hidden dangers and so on. Traditional automobile management methods can no longer meet development needs and fundamentally solve traffic problems.
This project takes Beidou navigation and positioning and automotive electronic identification (hereinafter referred to as “Beidou + automotive electronic identification”) technology as the core, builds an integrated vehicle traffic big data platform, and builds industry applications on this platform, using Beidou satellite navigation, Key technologies such as the Internet of Things and dynamic geographic information systems collect road, vehicle, and crowd information in an all-round way, build a precise traffic information collection and processing system, provide scientific solutions to the above-mentioned traffic problems, and play an important role in the integration of vehicle traffic effect.
1.1. Project goals
Focusing on the strategic needs of vehicle traffic integration, build a vehicle traffic big data service platform based on “Beidou + automotive electronic identification”. Through platform operation, strengthen the comprehensive application of traffic information and vehicle data, and provide precise public services and industry solutions for public security vehicle management, traffic control, environmental protection supervision, hazardous chemical storage and transportation and other special vehicle management, personal consumption navigation, etc. A safe, reliable, convenient, efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly transportation integrated management system in the new era of human information improves the government’s ability to perform duties, promotes the healthy development of the industry, promotes rapid economic growth, and gradually promotes the city to become a knowledge, information, and intelligent hub The transformation of smart cities in China has brought revolutionary changes and innovations in traffic management and service methods, and promoted social progress.
1.2 Project characteristics
The solution focuses on the operation of vehicle traffic and combines the industry applications of the government and enterprises to explore the commercial value and application value of data. The solution has the following characteristics:
1) Public service type: Emphasize the concept of public basic service, and focus on making the people feel the convenience brought by the platform.
2) Franchise type: Obtain the support of local governments, public security and transportation departments at all levels to obtain franchise rights;
3) Resource-based: Vehicle traffic big data involves all walks of life in the national economy. Once developed, it belongs to the national strategic information resource and has a high resource nature;
4) “Dual bearer”: While bearing the government’s public welfare services, it also bears the data services of the commercial operations of social enterprises.
2. Technical solution of vehicle traffic big data platform
2.1 System composition
The platform consists of a vehicle terminal, a data processing system, and an information support system, as shown in the figure.
Figure The block diagram of the public basic service platform of the Internet of Things for Vehicles
The vehicle-mounted terminal is composed of an RFID chip and an RFID antenna, a Beidou module and a Beidou antenna, a mobile network communication module, and a vehicle electrical bus communication module.
The software platform consists of a system architecture data center and several industry application processing platforms. The system takes the big data processing system as the center and forms industry applications through data analysis and mining.
The information support system includes Beidou ground-based enhancement station, mobile communication base station, RFID reading base station, etc. The Beidou ground-based enhancement station provides real-time pseudorange differential signals in the Beidou area to assist the Beidou module to complete high-precision positioning; the mobile communication base station assists in completing the information return of the vehicle terminal; the RFID reading base station is installed on the gantry of the road bayonet to complete the bayonet vehicle Data reading.
2.2 Technical scheme
The vehicle traffic big data platform takes the on-board terminal and data processing platform as the core research and development content. In terms of vehicle terminals, it adopts the differential technology of Beidou carrier phase (RTK) and pseudorange (RTD) to achieve high-precision positioning, with high sensitivity of navigation satellite signals, Beidou + GPS dual-mode positioning, and combined navigation technology with MEMS. Low power consumption mode; RFID chip adopts the relevant requirements of the “Automotive Electronic Identification” draft for comments, has high read and write sensitivity, reads and writes more than 100,000 times, and uses independent data security encryption for different bits of the data area.
The data platform has the characteristics of large access volume and fast expansion speed. It adopts Hbase-based distributed bearer and distributed computing model, and uses data-based statistical clustering, recommendation, classification and machine learning engines, which can handle large traffic flows in real time. Data, and comprehensively solve storage, calculation, and query problems. Based on the need for system information security, information security construction is carried out from two aspects of security management and technical prevention. Based on the purpose of layered fortification, layered protection, comprehensive inspection, and management, it adopts overall planning, key protection, and perfect distribution. The goal of building information security will ultimately achieve the goal of active defense, unified monitoring and management of information security.
Figure System application composition diagram
The platform technically includes three levels: First, a location service and data processing platform, which builds application databases for individuals, industries, and governments, and provides paid data services to application developers through API, WebService, XML, and messaging. Realize the collection and precipitation of user-side data. The second is a data service platform, that is, by calling open application service interfaces to build personalized applications for individuals, industries, and governments. The third is industry applications. On the basis of data platform services and application software services, it provides government and enterprise industry application solutions such as intelligent transportation, anti-terrorism and stability maintenance, energy conservation and environmental protection, logistics monitoring, and dangerous goods vehicle management.
Figure Overall technical framework of the platform
The overall system plan is divided into five levels according to levels, including infrastructure layer, data layer, system application layer, application presentation layer, and service layer. The contents of each layer are as follows:
Infrastructure layer: Including Beidou and RFID integration of vehicle terminal information source infrastructure, Beidou ground-based enhanced base station location enhancement service infrastructure, mobile communication base station communication infrastructure, RFID reading base station facilities, ETC, electronic police, and security checkpoints And other traffic management facilities;
Data layer: Relying on infrastructure, it includes Beidou positioning speed measurement and timing data, RFID identification vehicle data (locality, model, color, registration date, etc.), vehicle electrical information data (fuel consumption, displacement, mileage, vehicle failure data and maintenance, Insurance data, etc.), car management data (violation, trajectory, video surveillance data, etc.), personal driving data (driving behavior data, consumer behavior data, navigation data, etc.);
System application layer: including public security application management system, traffic application management system, environmental protection application system, vehicle management system, personal consumption system.
Application performance layer: including electronic license plate issuance subsystem, public security vehicle management subsystem, vehicle exhaust monitoring subsystem, road parking management subsystem, special vehicle management subsystem, vehicle dispatch management subsystem, vehicle insurance subsystem, consumer application subsystem Wait;
Service layer: The main service scope is public security management, traffic management, environmental protection applications, vehicle management, personal consumption, etc.
3. Industry application program
The industry applications of the vehicle traffic big data platform can be applied to almost all walks of life in society, such as public security management, intelligent transportation and smart city construction, vehicle exhaust environmental protection, social industry applications, and personal car after-service applications. Several common application industries in life illustrate the application of big data in vehicle traffic.
3.1 Public security industry application plan
In the field of public safety management, “Beidou + automotive electronic identification” can fully meet the requirements of the public security department for “real-time monitoring, networked control, automatic alarm, rapid response, scientific and efficient, and information sharing”, and further integrate electronic police, road monitoring, and public security cards. Existing management resources such as port and radar speed measurement, record the passage of passing vehicles, provide various services related to the management of vehicle-related and driving-related information, and provide a powerful guarantee for the public security department to better maintain social order.
Specifically, the application of the “platform” in public safety can achieve the following functions:
a. Fake/deck vehicle identification
When a vehicle carrying an electronic license plate label passes by, the read-write base station collects and analyzes the information of the electronic license plate label. At the same time, the camera with the license plate recognition function captures the image of the license plate number of the vehicle and recognizes it, and cross-checks the information in the electronic license plate label. Identify whether it is a fake/deck vehicle.
b. Identification of traffic violations (violations)
The effective management of vehicles is realized through the point-based reading of automobile electronic signs and the continuous position recognition of Beidou navigation, realizing the record and query service of vehicle driving violations, supporting the viewing of vehicle historical trajectory records, and the data analysis function of query results.
c. Illegal, number-limited road vehicle identification
The electronic car identification is like the second-generation ID card of a car. Once the “Beidou + electronic identification mark” is installed, the public security department can read the identification information of the vehicle accurately and accurately by reading the electronic identification. , No-repudiation recognition of restricted-traffic and restricted-number vehicles.
d. Dynamic traffic information collection
The vehicle recognition accuracy based on the Beidou + electronic license plate system is high, and it is not easily affected by the environment. It can accurately and comprehensively obtain bicycle status information and road network traffic conditions.
e. Speeding vehicle monitoring (interval speed measurement)
Beidou + electronic license plate reading device can accurately record speeding vehicles; in this way, speeding vehicles can be monitored more strictly, so that vehicles can be monitored at all times on road sections without speed measurement devices.
f. Electronic fence pre/alarm
Define the range of trigger conditions to realize the automatic perception of vehicles entering and leaving the designated area.
3.2. Smart transportation and smart city application solutions
“Beidou + automotive electronic identification” vehicle traffic big data is an important content that cannot be ignored in the construction of smart cities. “Platform” can integrate traffic big data into the scope of traffic management. Its massive, real-time, and structured dynamic data characteristics expand and extend the application depth and application fields of intelligent traffic management systems, and promote intelligent traffic management systems to a new generation of intelligent transportation The transformation of traffic management has promoted the transformation of traffic management to refined management, big data decision support, and precise function prediction, providing accurate scientific basis for optimizing urban traffic functions, improving urban traffic network, and improving traffic organization and strategies.
Specifically, the application of “platform” in intelligent transportation can achieve the following functions:
a. Accurate traffic flow (congestion model) collection
Through real-time and accurate collection of platform location and identity, dynamic driving data of traffic vehicles in any area can be obtained, and the traffic flow on the road and the regularity of vehicle operation can be accurately grasped, combined with the construction of traffic roads (number of lanes, road location, and surrounding areas). Car ownership, etc.) can establish an accurate traffic flow model.
b. Dynamic traffic information release
Combining advanced communication, electronics, multimedia, and computer network technologies, it provides travelers with road transportation systems, public transportation systems, and other important travel-related information to achieve the goal of improving the overall operating efficiency of the transportation system.
c. Road traffic jam analysis and early warning
The traffic flow parameters of the entire road network can be obtained according to the “Beidou Vehicle Mark” system, and the traffic operation status of the entire road network can be analyzed and evaluated, and the areas where traffic congestion may occur can be judged in advance, and then certain control measures or traffic guidance can be taken , To eliminate possible congestion.
d. Urban congestion charge adjustment and collection
It can automatically and accurately identify the vehicles entering the congested section of the urban area, and automatically deduct the fee from the bank-linked account of the Beidou car logo through the set charging strategy, so as to realize the free flow of vehicle congestion charging and alleviate the urban traffic congestion.
e. Traffic guidance and rapid handling of accidents
Take corresponding traffic guidance measures or plans to provide drivers with good services for safe and fast driving; in the event of a sudden traffic accident, the “platform” provides rapid directional push and immediate release of the disposal plan to guide the vehicle to avoid the accident site and minimize the accident The impact.
f. Bus lane recognition and bus priority
The bus priority signal light management based on the electronic license plate system can accurately determine the identity of the incoming vehicle, so that the green light is turned on within a short time after the bus arrives at the intersection or arrives at the intersection, so as to ensure the priority of the bus and minimize the impact on other vehicles .
3.3. Environmental protection application plan
The platform system can be mainly applied to the monitoring of vehicle exhaust emissions, warning of excessive emissions, real-time statistics of vehicle emissions, and urban air quality prediction. After the completion of the “platform”, it will provide environmental protection departments at the provincial, municipal and county levels with monitoring and statistics based on the related exhaust emissions of road vehicles, guiding the shift of urban traffic to low pollution, controlling the total amount of traffic pollution, and aligning vehicle exhaust emissions with urban traffic. “Travel Range”, “Travel Intensity” and “Gathering Density” are related.
Specifically, the application of “platform” in environmental protection can achieve the following functions:
a. Vehicle emission monitoring query
“Platform” can query the exhaust emissions of any bicycle by collecting the exhaust emissions of road vehicles, and it can also count the real-time emissions of vehicle exhausts in designated areas or road sections, simulate and analyze the air pollution program, and analyze the emissions within a period of time. Perform report statistics based on the quantity and analyze the regional and time-period rules of related exhaust emissions.
b. Vehicle emission warning
“Platform” can find vehicles with excessive emissions in time through real-time vehicle exhaust emission status inquiries, and the management department will notify the owners of the vehicles, go to designated locations for inspections, and take warnings, fines, detentions, and other treatments against the owners. Follow-up inspections are carried out on the actual results after the overhaul; the “platform” can provide accurate data support for the stepped fuel price for the total cumulative exhaust emissions of each vehicle.
c. Air quality forecast
By calculating the pollutant emission rules of multiple roads in the urban area, combining real-time weather conditions, scientifically and accurately analyzing and predicting the air quality of the city or a certain area, the optimal air path can also be planned.
d. Exhaust emission control plan
The “platform” monitors vehicle exhaust emissions will help to achieve the latest exhaust emission standards. The “platform” formulates corresponding control plans based on the exhaust emissions statistics reports of various road sections over a period of time to achieve the goal of exhaust emissions control.
e. Online inspection of traffic emissions
For heavy vehicles and special vehicles with high frequency of use and high pollution, combined with OBD, online monitoring sensors are used for vehicle real-time emission detection;
3.4. Social industry application solutions
For vehicle applications such as bus management and logistics management, the “Beidou Vehicle Logo” is the foundation of intelligent transportation, which can help traffic management departments achieve fine management of vehicles and drive the upgrade of integrated traffic management systems.
3.4.1 Road traffic toll management
Road traffic charging management includes road and bridge charging (manual, highway), parking charging, illegal charging, future congestion charging and emission charging.
Platform users can realize the binding of bank accounts. Through the combination of the “platform” monitoring function and the electronic fence, even the vehicle can be accurately identified and charged at a speed of 180Km/h. Route identification and rapid charging of urban congestion, as well as rapid real-time charging of vehicles in violation of regulations.
The charging function can also be applied to the automated management of large parking lots and the unified and standardized management of on-street parking spaces. For the automatic calculation of parking fees, it can realize non-stop toll when driving out of the parking lot or parking space, which can make the road tolling become paperless and cashless management, and can fundamentally prevent the loss of toll fees and solve the problem of road tolls. Financial management confusion in China. In addition, the implementation of the non-stop toll collection system can also save infrastructure and management costs.
Figure Platform vehicle identification and toll application
3.4.2 Vehicle insurance management
Traditional commercial insurance has various inherent shortcomings, and UBI (User Behavior Insurance), a differentiated auto insurance product based on various aspects of the driver’s driving behavior, is becoming the development trend of the auto insurance industry, providing car owners with personalized and differentiated vehicle insurance services. The theoretical basis of UBI is to accurately assess the driving risks of vehicles through the collection and analysis of driving behaviors, thereby formulating more scientific and reasonable charging standards, encouraging safe drivers to obtain more premium discounts, and promoting social equity.
At present, the scale of my country’s auto insurance market maintains an annual growth rate of 15%, and the penetration rate of UBI is predicted to reach 25% in 2020. By distinguishing car owners with different driving behaviors and formulating different premium standards, the interest relationship between insurance companies and car owners becomes more reasonable.
Figure platform insurance UBI industry application
The two important functions of UBI are: Auto insurance underwriting claims (preventing fraudulent insurance): It can perform on-site evidence inspection of accident claims by extracting vehicle speed, direction, location and other data at the time of the accident to prevent fraudulent insurance; by collecting statistics on vehicle driving data and driving Behavior analysis, personalized insurance business customization and charging, that is, differentiated auto insurance products based on all aspects of the driver’s driving behavior. The theoretical basis is that drivers with good driving behavior should get more premium discounts, and future premiums will pass The actual driving time, location, specific driving style and other indicators are comprehensively considered.
3.4.3 Enterprise vehicle management
The platform can be applied to the management application fields of government and corporate official vehicles, logistics fleets, and school buses. It can grasp the operation of vehicles or fleets in a timely, comprehensive and accurate manner, improve vehicle efficiency, reduce vehicle operating costs, improve corporate competitiveness, and improve vehicles Manage the information level of the industry and driving safety.
The platform has functions such as vehicle navigation, dynamic tracking, line deviation reminder, electronic dog, scheduling, route planning, fuel consumption monitoring, mileage statistics and other functions. Realize the intelligent management and control of logistics vehicles, and provide complete solutions in transportation routes, material monitoring, vehicle scheduling, etc.; campus vehicle management can release school bus driving status information in real time through driving data statistics and driver driving behavior analysis, Allow parents to know the status of their children’s school bus anytime and anywhere, and make the school bus safer and more reliable; for official vehicle management through the background management system to monitor official vehicles or fleets, to achieve formalized supervision of official vehicles, and realize real-time scheduling, so that official business Vehicles function more efficiently.
3.4.4 Optimize urban function planning and improve the structure of the traffic road network
“Beidou+Automobile Electronic Sign” records the driving trajectory and activity range of vehicles in the city, and each section of the driving trajectory is a sample of the start and end (OD) of urban traffic. Urban traffic planning managers, through OD analysis of the trajectory of vehicles within the city, study and understand the travel needs of citizens, so as to provide first-hand materials for urban function planning and traffic network improvement, and provide reference for the scientific management and planning of the city .
3.5. Personal application plan
The platform provides location-based vehicle aftermarket services in the form of mobile apps for mass applications:
1) Beidou high-precision navigation service
Beidou navigation services mainly provide terminal owners with various services related to navigation or location, including one-key navigation, route planning for avoiding congestion, group navigation, map navigation, central network navigation, self-driving tour navigation, surrounding query, location sharing, Real-time road conditions, electronic dog and other functions.
2) Parking service
Parking services mainly provide terminal car owners with various services related to fast and convenient on-street parking, including functions such as finding parking spaces, calculating parking time (cost), and finding a car with one click.
3) Vehicle security service
Vehicle safety services mainly provide terminal owners with vehicle maintenance and repair status and insurance information, so that owners can grasp the health of the vehicle anytime and anywhere, and reduce unnecessary maintenance expenses; at the same time, it can provide early warning of major vehicle safety issues to minimize vehicle emergencies The losses caused mainly include functions such as vehicle physical examination, transparent maintenance, vehicle insurance, and vehicle rescue.
4) Vehicle consumption service
It mainly includes functions such as refueling service, taxi service, nearby (home) car wash, maintenance and repair, and car rental service.
4 Conclusion
The application of vehicle traffic big data can be widely used in all corners of society. The construction of vehicle traffic big data is an inevitable product of social civilization, and its application level is also an important manifestation of the degree of social civilization. Based on my limited talents, it is impossible to describe one by one; for some industry application solutions in the article, there may also be omissions and deficiencies. Looking to the future: We are confident in the application of vehicle traffic big data, which is not only for vehicle information management. The transformation of a smart society will surely lead a profound social revolution and forcefully promote the development of human history.
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