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1. System introduction
With the acceleration of economic globalization and the importance of modern logistics to economic development gradually recognized by the people, my country’s logistics industry is in a period of rapid development. In the future market competition, the competition in the supply chain of enterprises is decisive . The socialization and specialization of production have caused more and more companies to outsource logistics and supply chain management (SCM) functions to professional logistics companies to reduce costs and inventory. This trend has brought great opportunities to my country’s traditional logistics companies, and at the same time it has also brought challenges-only by satisfying the customers’ demand for logistics services to the greatest extent and reducing the cost of logistics services to the greatest extent. Only by gaining the trust and profits of the enterprise can business opportunities be obtained. Therefore, traditional logistics companies such as ports, freight companies, storage and transportation companies, freight forwarding companies, logistics departments of manufacturing companies, and new-type third-party logistics companies can only update their concepts and make full use of modern logistics technology to achieve their business goals. The accuracy and timeliness of information is the key to supply chain and logistics management. This is precisely the most prominent advantage of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology. Goods are affixed with RFID tags, and the system can handle them without opening the outer packaging of the product. The identification is carried out in boxes and packages, so as to accurately obtain the relevant information of the product at any time, such as the type, the carrier, the point of departure, the destination, the transportation link, and so on. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Technology) system can realize real-time monitoring of all links of goods from raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products, transportation, warehousing, distribution, shelves, final sales, and even return processing, which can not only greatly improve the degree of automation, but also greatly reduce Error rate, thereby significantly improving the transparency and management efficiency of the supply chain; the application of RFID in the logistics industry helps companies reduce costs, gain a competitive advantage, smooth information is conducive to control and reduce inventory, and reduce costs (including labor costs). The RFID logistics management system enables logistics companies to manage the warehousing, sorting, distribution, and transportation of goods more efficiently, accurately and scientifically.
2. Principles of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Technology
RFID technology is a non-contact automatic identification technology. Its basic principle is to use radio frequency signals and their spatial coupling and transmission characteristics to realize automatic machine identification of stationary or moving objects to be identified. The radio frequency identification system generally consists of two parts, namely the electronic tag and the reader. In the application, the electronic tag is attached to the item to be identified. When the item to be identified with the electronic tag passes through the reading range, the reader will automatically take out the agreed identification information in the electronic tag from a long distance in a contactless manner (the reader can Read the data of 50 or more tags at the same time), so as to realize the function of automatically identifying items or automatically collecting item identification information. (see Attachment)
Three, system characteristics
RFID’s wireless instant long-distance reading method, large-capacity and high-speed data processing capabilities, and a high degree of automation give it irreplaceable technical advantages;
Cargo, truck and other data can be checked and managed on the Internet in real time;
Virtual inventory tracking;
The system is easy to install and maintain;
Data acquisition is efficient and accurate;
The system tracks all logistics links such as people, goods, pallets, forklifts, trucks, etc. in real time;
All links and processes of logistics are monitored in real time.
Four, system composition
1. Reader: This system adopts UHF915MHz reader, which is a fixed installation reader and a handheld reader respectively. The reader senses the tag through the antenna and reads the data information in the tag. The reading distance of the fixed installation reader to the tag can reach less than eight meters, while the reading distance of the hand-held reader is about 1 meter. (See below)
2. Labels: There are various styles of labels, such as card type, credit card size, installed on trucks, containers, pallets, goods, packages, labels have various packaging forms, which can be selected in a targeted manner. Each tag has a globally unique ID number. In actual applications, it is given the information of the installed objects and goods for identification, reading, and recycling. The label can be easily attached to the object to be identified. (The following figure)
3. Management software: The reader can directly access the port of the computer/PDA/laptop after obtaining a large amount of label data, and automatically enter the system database in real time, which is managed by the management software. The management software is an online version, which means that on any Internet computer in the world, managers or users can inspect and manage the goods in real time, and understand the location of the truck. The information is uploaded to an ordinary Internet platform, so that the visual scene of the end-to-end real-time movement of the goods can be obtained.
Five, system implementation
(1) Warehousing and distribution management:
1. Card readers are installed at the passages and entrances between the warehouse and the warehouse, so that when pallets, forklifts, goods, etc. with tags enter the reading area, they will be automatically identified, recorded, and sent to the system database for storage; and in the background, When the goods leave the distribution center, the reader at the aisle will read the information on the label and send it to the processing system to automatically generate a delivery list; after the truck arrives at the destination warehouse, the reader at the pick-up port will automatically check the truck Directly scan the goods on the website to quickly complete the acceptance and verification; (see attached picture B)
Labels are installed on trucks and pallets, and the management system can track the position of forklifts and pallets at any time. The reader is installed above the passageway through which the forklift and pallets enter and exit the warehouse. Each pallet is equipped with a radio frequency tag. When the forklift is loaded with pallet goods, the reader makes the computer know which pallet has passed. The system handles a large number of pallet goods daily, which can greatly improve efficiency and ensure that the information about the goods is accurate and reliable; (see Figure D)
Labels are installed on goods and packages, and the management system can track all comparison links and processes of logistics in real time through fixed installation of readers and handheld readers, which is convenient for inventory, search and comparison. It is convenient to take inventory. The staff can clearly grasp the storage situation of the goods in the warehouse from the data collected and sorted by the system; to find the goods, if we use the traditional method to find a certain piece of goods in a large number of stacked pallets, a lot of work will be required , And using the RFID system, the search process becomes so simple, the staff only need to hold the handheld reader to scan through the relevant area to easily and accurately find the goods that need to be searched. Due to the penetrability of radio frequency, it is easy to find a small labeled cargo in the depth of the package;
A reader is installed above the cargo conveyor belt. When the cargo passes through the conveyor belt, the system quickly obtains the information of the cargo through the reader, and instantaneously transmits it to the computer for comparison with the original data in the system. (See Figure A) The RFID management system can completely abandon the traditional method of using written documents to complete the sorting of goods, improve efficiency and save labor; not only can quickly complete the storage and extraction of simple orders, but also can conveniently pick up the goods according to the size of the goods. The speed requirements, loading and unloading requirements, etc. realize the storage and extraction of complex goods; the sorting workers can realize the automatic loading, unloading, packaging, loading and unloading operations of the goods with simple operations, which reduces the labor intensity of the workers and improves Efficiency, the most important thing is that it can handle this process at high speed without error;
5 The staff or forklift driver can use the handheld card reader to check the goods in the warehouse for information collection and search, which is fast and convenient, which greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of warehouse inventory and check goods. (See attached picture E)
6. When the goods arrive at the destination, the staff can check the arrival of the goods very quickly with a hand-held card reader, and then pass it to the database for comparison. There will be no mistakes in traditional records, because it can be remotely sensed and is accurate at the same time Processing 30 labels, greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of work;
7. The staff carries a tag. When the staff moves in the warehouse, they will be tracked by the entrance and exit and the reader installed above the warehouse space, and record the running time and trajectory of the staff, so as to conveniently monitor the work of the staff. Check the work efficiency of the staff;
8. Use the RFID system for intelligent warehouse goods management. RFID completely effectively solves the management of information related to the flow of goods in the warehouse. It not only increases the number of goods processed in a day, but also monitors all the information of these goods. The information is stored in the central computer in the warehouse. When the goods are shipped to other places, another reader will recognize it and tell the computing center which trailer it is placed on. In this way, the management center can know how many goods have been processed and how many goods have been sent in real time, and can automatically identify the goods and determine the location of the goods.
9. The simultaneous use of the fixed installation reader and the handheld reader makes the field operations such as on-site data collection, inventory counting, warehouse management, warehouse location inspection clear, accurate, systematic and scientific;
10. The truck will be automatically read and recognized by the reader before it leaves the warehouse, and the obtained information will be automatically transferred to the background management system, and the system will be immediately compared with the original data in the database. When information such as miscarriage or missing carriage is found, the system will automatically alarm to prevent trucks from leaving the warehouse, ensuring the absolute accuracy of cargo transportation.
(2) Real-time tracking of bulk cargo, containers and trucks along the way.
Install labels on the windshield of cars, install labels on containers, and install labels on containers and packaging of bulk goods. The label is placed on the windshield of the car, and it can use the unique identification code written inside or directly write the vehicle information (license plate number, cargo), etc. to identify the car and its loaded cargo. The tag modulates the memory data and reflects it to the microwave signal of the antenna. When the truck passes through each site, the readers placed at each site identify the passing truck, record the time when the truck arrives at that point, the information of the pallet and the cargo in the truck, automatically connect to the database for comparison, and upload the Internet system to achieve real-time tracking. Effect. Finally, through the computer local area network, it is sent to the computer terminal of the relevant personnel, so that the manager can grasp the operation of the freight yard without going out, and control the entry and exit of the vehicles and their loaded goods. When a vehicle carrying containers and bulk goods passes through the sensing range of the RFID reader of the transportation network, the container and goods will be automatically identified and transmitted to the computer. (see Attachment)
As labels are installed on vehicles, containers and bulk goods, they are monitored in real time. When vehicles, containers and goods leave the warehouse, they will be automatically sensed by the RFID reader installed at the warehouse exit, and the time of departure and their information will be recorded; when the goods pass through the readers installed on the transportation route network points, they will be automatically detected. Automatically record information and transit time; when the goods arrive at the destination warehouse, they will be automatically identified and recorded by the reader at the entrance, and then transferred to the computer and the Internet. In this way, vehicles, containers and goods are monitored in real time throughout the transportation process, and customers can check the location of the goods at any time through the Internet. When the goods arrive, the staff can easily and quickly check the goods.
(3) Freight yard truck management: (see photo)
Install a card-type label on the windshield of the truck, and record the relevant information of the truck, such as vehicle number, driver, etc.; install a fixed reader above the exit and entrance of the freight yard, when the truck with the label enters and leaves the freight yard It will be automatically recognized by the reader, record the vehicle number and the time of entry and exit, quickly and without error, avoiding the tedious and error of manual processing. The data collected by the reader will be transmitted to the Internet system in time to facilitate tracking of the truck’s location on the Internet. The system will record the entry and exit information of all trucks entering and exiting, and automatically make the relevant information into a table, which is convenient for the staff to inquire and manage at any time.
(4) Tracking of express parcels
Channel antennas are used in the postal application of large packages and materials. The staff attached a large number of disposable passive tags to thousands of postal packets. When the parcel arrives at an airport in the country by air mail, the parcel is delivered to the postal service area of the airport. After being weighed, the postal package is re-arranged through the conveyor system to reach the correct destination. The conveyor belt is equipped with an RFID channel antenna. When the RFID disposable tag attached to the postal packet passes through the channel antenna, the information in the postal packet can be read regardless of the position and direction of the postal packet. Once the postal packet label data is read, the data is transmitted to the host, and the verification program in the host will determine whether the postal packet should arrive here. If the itinerary is wrong, the warning light will come on and the parcel will be taken off the conveyor belt and sent to the correct direction. The RFID system can ensure 100% data accuracy on a very fast conveyor belt. More importantly, the label does not need to be optically visible, because the label can be read and written through the packaging. The system can track and record the mail delivery time at the same time. (see Attachment)
6. Functions and effects after the system is implemented: (see the figure below)
1. Customized functions and portal sites: The logistics industry has built all current service items on the operating platform, and then builds a customer-specific portal site according to the needs of each customer to provide customers with customized professional logistics information services.
2. Inventory visibility: use the logistics information platform to integrate the inventory data of all logistics centers, and provide customers with different conditions to query inventory dynamics.
3. Visibility of transportation status: Integrate the in and out status of goods in each logistics center and the in and out of distribution vehicles in all transportations, and provide the distribution information to customers for inquiries.
4. Order visibility: The customer’s purchase, purchase, and sales and shipment status can be queried on the logistics information platform, and the current execution status of the order can be queried by these conditions.
5. The purpose of information exchange is to let the information flow of logistics precede the flow of goods, so that all information from the beginning to the end of the logistics information does not need to be re-entered, achieving the realm of paperless logistics.
6. Supervision handles the logistics process on the logistics information platform, and compares the information transmitted by each monitoring point to the process set on the platform. Once the process is inconsistent, the platform will alert the responsible personnel to handle abnormal events. ??
7. The container/container is fully monitored throughout the entire process.
8. The movement and storage locations of goods, pallets, forklifts, and trucks are clear at a glance, and efficient automation
Seven, program features
Reliable communication: This technology has strong anti-radio frequency interference performance, ideal receiving sensitivity, and a wide-range antenna can provide powerful and reliable wireless transmission;
Low cost: The use of wireless LAN can avoid the high cost of installing cables, the monthly rent of leased lines, and the increased related costs when the equipment needs to be moved;
Flexibility: Since there is no cable limitation, users can add workstations or reconfigure workstations at will;
Mobility: The wireless local area network settings allow users to access network data at any time and anywhere, without specifying a clear access location, so users can roam in the network;
Quick installation: The installation of a wireless LAN is very simple. It does not require a construction permit, no wiring or trenching, and the installation time is only a fraction of the time to install a wired network.
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